Traduction
Masquer
De la résurrection de la chair
XXII.
Ensuite il faut jeter les yeux sur les Ecritures, qui ne permettent pas de penser avec ces hommes animaux, car je ne puis pas les appeler spirituels, que la résurrection ne soit ici-bas que la connaissance de la vérité, ou qu'elle s'accomplit immédiatement après la mort. Les temps de notre félicité étant déterminés dans les saintes et vénérables Lettres, sans qu'il soit permis de la fixer, avant le dernier avènement du Christ, nos vœux appellent la fin du siècle présent, et demandent à ce monde de passer « au grand jour du Seigneur, jour de colère et de vengeance, jour le dernier des jours, caché à tout le monde et connu seulement du Père,» quoique annoncé d'avance par des signes, des prodiges, la confusion des éléments, et le conflit des nations. Je déroulerais les prophéties si le Seigneur Dieu lui-même avait gardé le silence, je me trompe, si la prophétie n'était la voix de notre Seigneur. Mais il vaut encore mieux qu'il l'ait confirmée par sa propre bouche. Interrogé par ses disciples sur l'époque de la ruine du temple qu'il venait de leur annoncer, il leur met sous les yeux la suite des événements, d'abord ceux qui concernent les Juifs jusqu'à la destruction de Jérusalem, puis ceux qui regardent l'universalité des nations jusqu'à la consommation des siècles. En effet, après avoir dit: « Alors les Gentils fouleront aux pieds Jérusalem jusqu'à ce que soit venu le temps des nations, » |467 c'est-à-dire des nations que Dieu devait adopter et « rassembler avec les débris d'Israël, » d'accord avec Joël, Daniel et tout le collège des prophètes, il annonce pour l'universalité des hommes et le siècle présent, « qu'il y aura des signes dans le soleil, dans la lune et dans les étoiles. Les nations seront dans l'épouvante en entendant le bruit de la mer. Les hommes sécheront de frayeur dans l'attente des catastrophes qui menacent l'univers. Les vertus du ciel seront ébranlées, dit-il; alors on verra le Fils de l'Homme paraître sur lès nuées, environné de puissance et de gloire. Aussitôt que ces choses commenceront d'arriver, sortez de votre repos et levez la tête, parce que votre rédemption est proche. » Et cependant il a dit: « Notre rédemption est proche, » mais non encore présente; « quand ces choses commenceront d'arriver, » et non quand elles seront accomplies, parce qu'alors « sera présente notre rédemption, qui jusque là n'est encore que proche: espérance toutefois qui relève notre courage dans la prochaine attente de ses fruits. Voilà pourquoi le Seigneur mêle à cet oracle la parabole des arbres dont la tige produit des rameaux, et les rameaux des fleurs, avant-coureurs du fruit. Conséquemment « quand vous verrez toutes ces choses s'accomplir, sachez que le royaume de Dieu est proche. Veillez donc en tout temps, afin que vous soyez dignes d'éviter fout ce qui doit arriver et de paraître devant le Fils de l'Homme; » oui, par la résurrection, après la consommation de toutes choses. Ainsi la résurrection germe, si vous le voulez, par la connaissance de la vérité, mais elle ne donnera ses fleurs et ses fruits qu'au jour où le genre humain comparaîtra devant le Seigneur. Qui donc a si prématurément, si cruellement excité notre Seigneur, qui siège encore à la droite de Dieu, à briser, selon le langage d'Isaïe, cette terre qui, j'imagine, est encore tout entière. Qui donc, plaçant déjà les ennemis du Christ sous ses pieds, suivant David, se montre plus empressé que le Père, lorsque de |468 tous côtés s'élèvent encore ces cris: « Les Chrétiens aux lions! » Qui a vu le Rédempteur descendre des cieux tel que les apôtres l'ont vu y monter, selon la déposition des anges qui assistèrent à son ascension? Point de tribus jusqu'à ce jour « qui se soient encore frappé la poitrine, en reconnaissant celui qu'elles avaient si indignement traité. » Personne qui ait revu Elle; personne qui ait fui l'antechrist; personne qui ait pleuré sur les ruines de Babylone. Où est le ressuscité, sinon l'hérétique! Oui, sans doute, déjà sorti du sépulcre de son corps, niais sujet encore à la fièvre et aux ulcères, déjà foulant aux pieds ses ennemis, mais ayant encore à lutter contre les puissances du monde, déjà couronné dans les cieux, mais « devant encore à César ce qui est à César. »
Traduction
Masquer
On the Resurrection of the Flesh
Chapter XXII.--The Scriptures Forbid Our Supposing Either that the Resurrection is Already Past, or that It Takes Place Immediately at Death. Our Hopes and Prayers Point to the Last Great Day as the Period of Its Accomplishment.
We must after all this turn our attention to those scriptures also which forbid our belief in such a resurrection as is held by your Animalists (for I will not call them Spiritualists), 1 that it is either to be assumed as taking place now, as soon as men come to the knowledge of the truth, or else that it is accomplished immediately after their departure from this life. Now, forasmuch as the seasons of our entire hope have been fixed in the Holy Scripture, and since we are not permitted to place the accomplishment thereof, as I apprehend, previous to Christ's coming, our prayers are directed towards 2 the end of this world, to the passing away thereof at the great day of the Lord--of His wrath and vengeance--the last day, which is hidden (from all), and known to none but the Father, although announced beforehand by signs and wonders, and the dissolution of the elements, and the conflicts of nations. I would turn out the words of the prophets, if the Lord Himself had said nothing (except that prophecies were the Lord's own word); but it is more to my purpose that He by His own mouth confirms their statement. Being questioned by His disciples when those things were to come to pass which He had just been uttering about the destruction of the temple, He discourses to them first of the order of Jewish events until the overthrow of Jerusalem, and then of such as concerned all nations up to the very end of the world. For after He had declared that "Jerusalem was to be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles should be fulfilled," 3 --meaning, of course, those which were to be chosen of God, and gathered in with the remnant of Israel--He then goes on to proclaim, against this world and dispensation (even as Joel had done, and Daniel, and all the prophets with one consent 4 ), that "there should be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars, distress of nations with perplexity, the sea and the waves roaring, men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth." 5 "For," says He, "the powers of heaven shall be shaken; and then shall they see the Son of man coming in the clouds, with power and great glory. And when these things begin to come to pass, then look up, and lift up your heads, for your redemption draweth nigh." 6 He spake of its "drawing nigh," not of its being present already; and of "those things beginning to come to pass," not of their having happened: because when they have come to pass, then our redemption shall be at hand, which is said to be approaching up to that time, raising and exciting our minds to what is then the proximate harvest of our hope. He immediately annexes a parable of this in "the trees which are tenderly sprouting into a flower-stalk, and then developing the flower, which is the precursor of the fruit." 7 "So likewise ye," (He adds), "when ye shall see all these things come to pass, know ye that the kingdom of heaven is nigh at hand." 8 "Watch ye, therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all those things, and to stand before the Son of man;" 9 that is, no doubt, at the resurrection, after all these things have been previously transacted. Therefore, although there is a sprouting in the acknowledgment of all this mystery, yet it is only in the actual presence of the Lord that the flower is developed and the fruit borne. Who is it then, that has aroused the Lord, now at God's right hand, so unseasonably and with such severity "shake terribly" (as Isaiah 10 expresses it) "that earth," which, I suppose, is as yet unshattered? Who has thus early put "Christ's enemies beneath His feet" (to use the language of David 11 ), making Him more hurried than the Father, whilst every crowd in our popular assemblies is still with shouts consigning "the Christians to the lions?" 12 Who has yet beheld Jesus descending from heaven in like manner as the apostles saw Him ascend, according to the appointment of the two angels? 13 Up to the present moment they have not, tribe by tribe, smitten their breasts, looking on Him whom they pierced. 14 No one has as yet fallen in with Elias; 15 no one has as yet escaped from Antichrist; 16 no one has as yet had to bewail the downfall of Babylon. 17 And is there now anybody who has risen again, except the heretic? He, of course, has already quitted the grave of his own corpse--although he is even now liable to fevers and ulcers; he, too, has already trodden down his enemies--although he has even now to struggle with the powers of the world. And as a matter of course, he is already a king--although he even now owes to Caesar the things which are Caesar's. 18
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For the opinions of those Valentinians who held that Christ's flesh was composed of soul or of spirit--a refined, ethereal substance--see Tertullian's De Carne Christi, cc. x.-xv. ↩
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Suspirant in. ↩
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Luke xxi. 24. ↩
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Joel iii. 9-15; Dan. vii. 13, 14. ↩
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Luke xxi. 25, 26. ↩
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Vers. 26-28. ↩
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Luke xxi. 29, 30; Matt. xxiv. 32. ↩
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Luke xxi. 31; Matt. xxiv. 33. ↩
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Luke xxi. 36. ↩
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Isa. ii. 19. ↩
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Ps. cx. 1. ↩
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Compare The Apology, xl.; De Spect. xxvii.; De Exhort. Cast. xii. ↩
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Acts i. 11. ↩
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Zech. xii. 10; comp. John xix. 37. ↩
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Mal. iv. 5. ↩
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1 John iv. 3. ↩
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Rev. xviii. 2. ↩
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Matt. xxii. 21. ↩