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Dialogue of Justin, Philosopher and Martyr, with Trypho, a Jew

Chapter CXXXI.--How much more faithful to God the Gentiles are who are converted to Christ than the Jews.

"But I shall quote the passage by which it is made known that God divided all the nations. It is as follows: Ask thy father, and he will show thee; thine elders, and they will tell thee; when the Most High divided the nations, as He dispersed the sons of Adam. He set the bounds of the nations according to the numbers of the children of Israel; and the Lord's portion became His people Jacob, and Israel was the lot of His inheritance.' " ¹ And having said this, I added: "The Seventy have translated it, He set the bounds of the nations according to the number of the angels of God.' But because my argument is again in nowise weakened by this, I have adopted your exposition. And you yourselves, if you will confess the truth, must acknowledge that we, who have been called by God through the despised and shameful mystery of the cross (for the confession of which, and obedience to which, and for our piety, punishments even to death have been inflicted on us by demons, and by the host of the devil, through the aid ministered to them by you), and endure all torments rather than deny Christ even by word, through whom we are called to the salvation prepared beforehand by the Father, are more faithful to God than you, who were redeemed from Egypt with a high hand and a visitation of great glory, when the sea was parted for you, and a passage left dry, in which [God] slew those who pursued you with a very great equipment, and splendid chariots, bringing back upon them the sea which had been made a way for your sakes; on whom also a pillar of light shone, in order that you, more than any other nation in the world, might possess a peculiar light, never-failing and never-setting; for whom He rained manna as nourishment, fit for the heavenly angels, in order that you might have no need to prepare your food; and the water at Marah was made sweet; and a sign of Him that was to be crucified was made, both in the matter of the serpents which bit you, as I already mentioned (God anticipating before the proper times these mysteries, in order to confer grace upon you, to whom you are always convicted of being thankless), as well as in the type of the extending of the hands of Moses, and of Oshea being named Jesus (Joshua); when you fought against Amalek: concerning which God enjoined that the incident be recorded, and the name of Jesus laid up in your understandings; saying that this is He who would blot out the memorial of Amalek from under heaven. Now it is clear that the memorial of Amalek remained after the son of Nave (Nun): but He makes it manifest through Jesus, who was crucified, of whom also those symbols were fore-announcements of all that would happen to Him, the demons would be destroyed, and would dread His name, and that all principalities and kingdoms would fear Him; and that they who believe in Him out of all nations would be shown as God-fearing and peaceful men; and the facts already quoted by me, Trypho, indicate this. Again, when you desired flesh, so vast a quantity of quails was given you, that they could not be told; for whom also water gushed from the rock; and a cloud followed you for a shade from heat, and covering from cold, declaring the manner and signification of another and new heaven; the latchets of your shoes did not break, and your shoes waxed not old, and your garments wore not away, but even those of the children grew along with them.

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Dialogus cum Tryphono Judaeo

131

1. Ἐρῶ δὲ καὶ τοὺς λόγους, δι' ὧν δηλοῦται μερίσας πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ὁ θεός. εἰσὶ δὲ οὗτοι· Ἐπερώτησον τὸν πατέρα σου, καὶ ἀναγγελεῖ σοι, τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους σου, καὶ ἐροῦσί σοι. ὅτε διεμέριζεν ὁ ὕψιστος ἔθνη, ὡς διέσπειρεν υἱοὺς Ἀδάμ, ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμοὺς υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ· καὶ ἐγενήθη μερὶς κυρίου λαὸς αὐτοῦ Ἰακώβ, σχοίνισμα κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ Ἰσραήλ. Καὶ εἰπὼν ταῦτα ἐπήνεγκα λέγων ὅτι οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα ἐξηγήσαντο, ὅτι Ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων θεοῦ. ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐκ τούτου πάλιν οὐδέν μοι ἐλαττοῦται ὁ λόγος, τὴν ὑμετέραν ἐξήγησιν εἶπον. 2 καὶ ὑμεῖς δ' εἰ βούλεσθε τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὁμολογῆσαι, ὅτι πιστότεροι πρὸς τὸν θεόν ἐσμεν, οἵτινες διὰ τοῦ ἐξουθενημένου καὶ ὀνείδους μεστοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ σταυροῦ κληθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὧν καὶ τῇ ὁμολογίᾳ καὶ τῇ ὑπακοῇ καὶ τῇ εὐσεβείᾳ κολάσεις μέχρι θανάτου ὑπὸ τῶν δαιμονίων καὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς τοῦ διαβόλου, διὰ τῆς ὑφ' ὑμῶν ἐκείνοις γεγενημένης ὑπηρεσίας, προστετίμηνται, πάνθ' ὑπομένομεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηδὲ μέχρι φωνῆς ἀρνεῖσθαι τὸν Χριστόν, δι' οὗ ἐκλήθημεν εἰς σωτηρίαν τὴν προητοιμασμένην παρὰ τοῦ πατρός, 3 ὑμῶν τῶν ἐν βραχίονι ὑψηλῷ καὶ ἐπισκοπῇ μεγάλης δόξης λυτρωθέντων ἀπὸ τῆς Αἰγύπτου, θαλάσσης ὑμῖν τμηθείσης καὶ γενομένης ὁδοῦ ξηρᾶς, ἐν ᾗ τοὺς διώκοντας ὑμᾶς μετὰ δυνάμεως πολλῆς πάνυ καὶ ἐνδόξων ἁρμάτων, ἐπικλύσας αὐτοῖς τὴν δι' ὑμᾶς ὁδοποιηθεῖσαν θάλασσαν, ἀπέκτεινεν· οἷς καὶ στύλος φωτὸς ἔλαμπεν, ἵνα καὶ παρὰ τὸν πάντα ἄλλον λαὸν τὸν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἰδίῳ καὶ ἀνελλιπεῖ καὶ μὴ δύνοντι φωτὶ χρῆσθαι ἔχητε· οἷς ἄρτον εἰς τροφὴν ἴδιον ἀγγέλων οὐρανίων, τὸ μάννα, ἔβρεξεν, ἵνα μηδὲ σιτοποιΐας δεόμενοι ζητήσητε· καὶ τὸ ἐν Μερρᾷ ὕδωρ ἐγλυκάνθη· 4 καὶ σημεῖον τοῦ σταυροῦσθαι μέλλοντος καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ὄφεων τῶν δακόντων ὑμᾶς, ὡς προεῖπον, γεγένηται (πάντα προλαμβάνοντος πρὸ τῶν ἰδίων καιρῶν τὰ μυστήρια χαρίζεσθαι ὑμῖν τοῦ θεοῦ, πρὸς ὃν ἀχάριστοι ἐλέγχεσθε ἀεὶ γεγενημένοι) καὶ διὰ τοῦ τύπου τῆς ἐκτάσεως τῶν χειρῶν Μωυσέως καὶ τοῦ ἐπονομασθέντος Ἰησοῦ πολεμούντων τὸν Ἀμαλήκ, περὶ οὗ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς ἀναγραφῆναι τὸ γεγενημένον, φήσας καὶ εἰς τὰς ὑμῶν ἀκοὰς Ἰησοῦ παραθέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα, εἰπὼν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ μέλλων ἐξαλείφειν ἀπὸ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸ μνημόσυνον τοῦ Ἀμαλήκ. 5 καὶ ὅτι τὸ μνημόσυνον τοῦ Ἀμαλὴκ καὶ μετὰ τὸν τοῦ Ναυῆ υἱὸν μένει, φαίνεται· διὰ δὲ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ σταυρωθέντος, οὗ καὶ τὰ σύμβολα ἐκεῖνα προκηρύγματα ἦν τῶν κατ' αὐτὸν ἁπάντων, ὅτι μέλλει ἐξολοθρευθήσεσθαι τὰ δαιμόνια καὶ δεδιέναι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάσας τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς βασιλείας ὁμοίως ὑφορᾶσθαι αὐτόν, καὶ ἐκ παντὸς γένους ἀνθρώπων θεοσεβεῖς καὶ εἰρηνικοὺς δείκνυσθαι εἶναι τοὺς εἰς αὐτὸν πιστεύοντας, φανερὸν ποιεῖ, καὶ τὰ προανιστορημένα ὑπ' ἐμοῦ, Τρύφων, σημαίνουσι. 6 καὶ τοσαύτη δὲ ὀρτυγομήτρα ἐδόθη ὑμῖν ἐπιθυμήσασι κρεωφαγίας, ὅση ἀνάριθμος εἰπεῖν· οἷς καὶ ἐκ πέτρας ὕδωρ ἀνέβλυσε, καὶ νεφέλη εἰς σκιὰν ἀπὸ καύματος καὶ φυλακὴν ἀπὸ κρύους εἵπετο, ἄλλου οὐρανοῦ καινοῦ τρόπον καὶ προαγγελίαν ἀπαγγέλλουσα· ὧν καὶ οἱ ἱμάντες τῶν ὑποδημάτων οὐκ ἐρράγησαν, οὐδὲ αὐτὰ τὰ ὑποδήματα ἐπαλαιώθη, οὐδὲ τὰ ἐνδύματα κατετρίβη, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν νεωτέρων συνηύξανε.