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Dialogue of Justin, Philosopher and Martyr, with Trypho, a Jew

Chapter XIV.--Righteousness is not placed in Jewish rites, but in the conversion of the heart given in baptism by Christ.

"By reason, therefore, of this laver of repentance and knowledge of God, which has been ordained on account of the transgression of God's people, as Isaiah cries, we have believed, and testify that that very baptism which he announced is alone able to purify those who have repented; and this is the water of life. But the cisterns which you have dug for yourselves are broken and profitless to you. For what is the use of that baptism which cleanses the flesh and body alone?

Baptize the soul from wrath and from covetousness, from envy, and from hatred; and, lo! the body is pure. For this is the symbolic significance of unleavened bread, that you do not commit the old deeds of wicked leaven. But you have understood all things in a carnal sense, and you suppose it to be piety if you do such things, while your souls are filled with deceit, and, in short, with every wickedness. Accordingly, also, after the seven days of eating unleavened bread, God commanded them to mingle new leaven, that is, the performance of other works, and not the imitation of the old and evil works. And because this is what this new Lawgiver demands of you, I shall again refer to the words which have been quoted by me, and to others also which have been passed over. They are related by Isaiah to the following effect: Hearken to me, and your soul shall live; and I will make with you an everlasting covenant, even the sure mercies of David. Behold, I have given Him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the nations. Nations which know not Thee shall call on Thee; and peoples who know not Thee shall escape unto Thee, because of Thy God, the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified Thee. Seek ye God; and when you find Him, call on Him, so long as He may be nigh you. Let the wicked forsake his ways, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; and let him return unto the Lord, and he will obtain mercy, because He will abundantly pardon your sins. For my thoughts are not as your thoughts, neither are my ways as your ways; but as far removed as the heavens are from the earth, so far is my way removed from your way, and your thoughts from my thoughts. For as the snow or the rain descends from heaven, and shall not return till it waters the earth, and makes it bring forth and bud, and gives seed to the sower and bread for food, so shall My word be that goeth forth out of My mouth: it shall not return until it shall have accomplished all that I desired, and I shall make My commandments prosperous. For ye shall go out with joy, and be taught with gladness. For the mountains and the hills shall leap while they expect you, and all the trees of the fields shall applaud with their branches: and instead of the thorn shall come up the cypress, and instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle. And the Lord shall be for a name, and for an everlasting sign, and He shall not fail!' ¹

Of these and such like words written by the prophets, O Trypho," said I, "some have reference to the first advent of Christ, in which He is preached as inglorious, obscure, and of mortal appearance: but others had reference to His second advent, when He shall appear in glory and above the clouds; and your nation shall see and know Him whom they have pierced, as Hosea, one of the twelve prophets, and Daniel, foretold.

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Dialogus cum Tryphono Judaeo

14

1. Διὰ τοῦ λουτροῦ οὖν τῆς μετανοίας καὶ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ θεοῦ, ὃ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀνομίας τῶν λαῶν τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν, ὡς Ἠσαίας βοᾷ, ἡμεῖς ἐπιστεύσαμεν, καὶ γνωρίζομεν ὅτι τοῦτ' ἐκεῖνο, ὃ προηγόρευε, τὸ βάπτισμα, τὸ μόνον καθαρίσαι τοὺς μετανοήσαντας δυνάμενον, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς· οὓς δὲ ὑμεῖς ὠρύξατε λάκκους ἑαυτοῖς, συντετριμμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ οὐδὲν ὑμῖν χρήσιμοι. τί γὰρ ὄφελος ἐκείνου τοῦ βαπτίσματος, ὃ τὴν σάρκα καὶ μόνον τὸ σῶμα φαιδρύνει; 2 βαπτίσθητε τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀπὸ πλεονεξίας, ἀπὸ φθόνου, ἀπὸ μίσους· καὶ ἰδοὺ τὸ σῶμα καθαρόν ἐστι. τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ σύμβολον τῶν ἀζύμων, ἵνα μὴ τὰ παλαιὰ τῆς κακῆς ζύμης ἔργα πράττητε. ὑμεῖς δὲ πάντα σαρκικῶς νενοήκατε, καὶ ἡγεῖσθε εὐσέβειαν, ἐὰν τοιαῦτα ποιοῦντες τὰς ψυχὰς μεμεστωμένοι ἦτε δόλου καὶ πάσης κακίας ἁπλῶς. 3 διὸ καὶ μετὰ τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας τῶν ἀζυμοφαγιῶν νέαν ζύμην φυρᾶσαι ἑαυτοῖς ὁ θεὸς παρήγγειλε, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἄλλων ἔργων πρᾶξιν καὶ μὴ τῶν παλαιῶν καὶ φαύλων τὴν μίμησιν. καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν ὃ ἀξιοῖ ὑμᾶς οὗτος ὁ καινὸς νομοθέτης, τοὺς προλελεγμένους ὑπ' ἐμοῦ λόγους πάλιν ἀνιστορήσω μετὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν παραλειφθέντων. εἴρηνται δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἠσαίου οὕτως· 4 Εἰσακούσετέ μου, καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν, καὶ διαθήσομαι ὑμῖν διαθήκην αἰώνιον, τὰ ὅσια τοῦ Δαυεὶδ τὰ πιστά. ἰδοῦ μαρτύριον αὐτὸν ἔθνεσι δέδωκα, ἄρχοντα καὶ προστάσσοντα ἔθνεσιν. ἔθνη, ἃ οὐκ οἴδασί σε, ἐπικαλέσονταί σε, καὶ λαοί, οἳ οὐκ ἐπίστανταί σε, ἐπὶ σὲ καταφεύξονται, ἕνεκεν τοῦ θεοῦ σου τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰσραήλ, ὅτι ἐδόξασέ σε. 5 ζητήσατε τὸν θεὸν καὶ ἐν τῷ εὑρίσκειν αὐτὸν ἐπικαλέσασθε, ἡνίκα ἂν ἐγγίζῃ ὑμῖν. ἀπολιπέτω ὁ ἀσεβὴς τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνὴρ ἄνομος τὰς βουλὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπιστραφήτω ἐπὶ κύριον, καὶ ἐλεηθήσεται, ὅτι ἐπὶ πολὺ ἀφήσει τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὑμῶν. οὐ γάρ εἰσιν αἱ βουλαί μου ὥσπερ αἱ βουλαὶ ὑμῶν, οὐδὲ αἱ ὁδοί μου ὥσπερ αἱ ὁδοὶ ὑμῶν, ἀλλὰ ὅσον ἀπέχει ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, τοσοῦτον ἀπέχει ἡ ὁδός μου ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ διανοήματα ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς διανοίας μου. 6 ὡς γὰρ ἂν καταβῇ χιὼν ἢ ὑετὸς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἀποστραφήσεται, ἕως ἂν μεθύσῃ τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐκτέκῃ καὶ βλαςτήσῃ καὶ δῷ σπέρμα τῷ σπείραντι καὶ ἄρτον εἰς βρῶσιν, οὕτως ἔσται τὸ ῥῆμά μου, ὃ ἂν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματός μου· οὐ μὴ ἀποστραφῇ, ἕως ἂν συντελεσθῇ πάντα ὅσα ἠθέλησα, καὶ εὐοδώσω τὰ ἐντάλματά μου. 7 ἐν γὰρ εὐφροσύνῃ ἐξελεύσεσθε καὶ ἐν χαρᾷ διδαχθήσεσθε· τὰ γὰρ ὄρη καὶ οἱ βουνοὶ ἐξαλοῦνται προσδεχόμενοι ὑμᾶς, καὶ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐπικροτήσει τοῖς κλάδοις, καὶ ἀντὶ τῆς στοιβῆς ἀναβήσεται κυπάρισσος, ἀντὶ δὲ τῆς κονύζης ἀναβήσεται μυρσίνη, καὶ ἔσται κύριος εἰς ὄνομα καὶ εἰς σημεῖον αἰώνιον καὶ οὐκ ἐκλείψει.

8. Τῶν τε λόγων τούτων καὶ τοιούτων εἰρημένων ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν, ἔλεγον, ὦ Τρύφων, οἱ μὲν εἴρηνται εἰς τὴν πρώτην παρουσίαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐν ᾗ καὶ ἄτιμος καὶ ἀειδὴς καὶ θνητὸς φανήσεσθαι κεκηρυγμένος ἐστίν, οἱ δὲ εἰς τὴν δευτέραν αὐτοῦ παρουσίαν, ὅτε ἐν δόξῃ καὶ ἐπάνω τῶν νεφελῶν παρέσται, καὶ ὄψεται ὁ λαὸς ὑμῶν καὶ γνωριεῖ εἰς ὃν ἐξεκέντησαν, ὡς Ὠσηέ, εἷς τῶν δώδεκα προφητῶν, καὶ Δανιὴλ προεῖπον, εἰρημένοι εἰσί.