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Dialogue of Justin, Philosopher and Martyr, with Trypho, a Jew

Chapter XCVII.--Other predictions of the cross of Christ.

"For it was not without design that the prophet Moses, when Hur and Aaron upheld his hands, remained in this form until evening. For indeed the Lord remained upon the tree almost until evening, and they buried Him at eventide; then on the third day He rose again. This was declared by David thus: With my voice I cried to the Lord, and He heard me out of His holy hill. I laid me down, and slept; I awaked, for the Lord sustained me.' ¹ And Isaiah likewise mentions concerning Him the manner in which He would die, thus: I have spread out My hands unto a people disobedient, and gainsaying, that walk in a way which is not good.' ² And that He would rise again, Isaiah himself said: His burial has been taken away from the midst, and I will give the rich for His death.' ³ And again, in other words, David in the twenty-first ⁴ Psalm thus refers to the suffering and to the cross in a parable of mystery: They pierced my hands and my feet; they counted all my bones. They considered and gazed on me; they parted my garments among themselves, and cast lots upon my vesture.' For when they crucified Him, driving in the nails, they pierced His hands and feet; and those who crucified Him parted His garments among themselves, each casting lots for what he chose to have, and receiving according to the decision of the lot. And this very Psalm you maintain does not refer to Christ; for you are in all respects blind, and do not understand that no one in your nation who has been called King or Christ has ever had his hands or feet pierced while alive, or has died in this mysterious fashion--to wit, by the cross--save this Jesus alone.

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Dialogus cum Tryphono Judaeo

97

1. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ τὸ μέχρις ἑσπέρας μεῖναι τὸν προφήτην Μωυσῆν, ὅτε τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ ὑπεβάσταζον Ὣρ καὶ Ἀαρών, ἐπὶ τοῦ σχήματος τούτου εἰκῆ γέγονε. καὶ γὰρ ὁ κύριος σχεδὸν μέχρις ἑσπέρας ἔμεινεν ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου, καὶ πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἔθαψαν αὐτόν· εἶτα ἀνέστη τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. τοῦτο διὰ Δαυεὶδ οὕτως ἐκπεφώνητο· Φωνῇ μου πρὸς κύριον ἐκέκραξα, καὶ ἐπήκουσέ μου ἐξ ὄρους ἁγίου αὐτοῦ. ἐγὼ ἐκοιμήθην καὶ ὕπνωσα· ἐξηγέρθην, ὅτι κύριος ἀντελάβετό μου. 2 καὶ διὰ Ἠσαίου ὁμοίως εἴρητο περὶ τούτου, δι' οὗ τρόπου ἀποθνήσκειν ἔμελλεν, οὕτως· Ἐξεπέτασά μου τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα, τοῖς πορευομένοις ἐν ὁδῷ οὐ καλῇ. καὶ ὅτι ἔμελλεν ἀνίστασθαι, αὐτὸς Ἠσαίας ἔφη Ἡ ταφὴ αὐτοῦ ἦρται ἐκ τοῦ μέσου, καὶ Δώσω τοὺς πλουσίους ἀντὶ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ. 3 καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις πάλιν λόγοις Δαυεὶδ εἰς τὸ πάθος καὶ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐν παραβολῇ μυστηριώδει οὕτως εἶπεν ἐν εἰκοστῷ πρώτῳ ψαλμῷ Ὤρυξαν χεῖράς μου καὶ πόδας μου, ἐξηρίθμησαν πάντα τὰ ὀστᾶ μου· αὐτοὶ δὲ κατενόησαν καὶ ἐπεῖδόν με. διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτιά μου ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμόν μου ἔβαλον κλῆρον. ὅτε γὰρ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν, ἐμπήςσοντες τοὺς ἥλους τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ὤρυξαν, καὶ οἱ σταυρώσαντες αὐτὸν ἐμέρισαν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἑαυτοῖς, λαχμὸν βάλλοντες ἕκαστος κατὰ τὴν τοῦ κλήρου ἐπιβολὴν ὃ ἐκλέξασθαι ἐβεβούλητο. 4 καὶ τοῦτον αὐτὸν τὸν ψαλμὸν οὐκ εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν εἰρῆσθαι λέγετε, κατὰ πάντα τυφλώττοντες, καὶ μὴ συνιέντες ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν λεχθείς ποτε βασιλεὺς χριστὸς πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὠρύγη ζῶν καὶ διὰ τούτου τοῦ μυστηρίου ἀποθανών, τοῦτ' ἔστι τοῦ σταυρωθῆναι, εἰ μὴ μόνος οὗτος ὁ Ἰησοῦς.