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À Autolyque
XV.
Le quatrième jour, Dieu créa les corps lumineux ; sa prescience lui faisait voir d'avance les puérilités des philosophes, qui, pour effacer son souvenir de tous les esprits, devaient dire un jour que la terre tirait des astres sa fécondité. Aussi a-t-il créé les plantes et les semences avant les corps lumineux, afin que rien ne pût obscurcir pour nous la vérité. Car un être postérieur à un autre ne peut produire celui qui le précède. Toutefois ces corps célestes sont le symbole d'un grand mystère : le soleil est l'image de Dieu, et la lune l'image de l'homme. De même, en effet, que le soleil l'emporte de beaucoup sur la lune en force, en magnificence, en beauté, ainsi Dieu est infiniment supérieur à l'homme. De même encore que le soleil reste toujours dans sa plénitude, sans diminuer jamais, ainsi Dieu reste toujours parfait, tout-puissant, plein d'intelligence, de sagesse et d'immortalité. La lune, au contraire, décroît et périt en quelque sorte tous les mois, à l'exemple de l'homme dont elle est l'image ; puis elle croît de nouveau et renaît comme l'homme qui doit ressusciter un jour. Les trois jours qui précédèrent les corps lumineux sont l'image de la Trinité, c'est-à-dire de Dieu, de son Verbe et de son Esprit, et le quatrième est l'image de l'homme, qui a besoin de la lumière, pour que Dieu, le Verbe, l'Esprit, l'homme lui-même lui soient manifestés ; c'est pour cela que les corps lumineux furent créés le quatrième jour. Quant à la disposition des astres, elle nous montre l'ordre et le rang des justes, de ceux qui pratiquent la piété et qui observent les commandements de Dieu. Les plus brillants représentent les prophètes ; aussi sont-ils immobiles et ne passent-ils jamais d'un lieu à un autre. Ceux qui jettent après eux un moindre éclat représentent les justes. Enfin les astres errants, communément appelés planètes, sont l'image de ceux qui s'éloignent de Dieu, et qui abandonnent sa loi et ses préceptes.
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Theophilus to Autolycus
Chapter XV.--Of the Fourth Day.
On the fourth day the luminaries were made; because God, who possesses foreknowledge, knew the follies of the vain philosophers, that they were going to say, that the things which grow on the earth are produced from the heavenly bodies, so as to exclude God. In order, therefore, that the truth might be obvious, the plants and seeds were produced prior to the heavenly bodies, for what is posterior cannot produce that which is prior. And these contain the pattern and type of a great mystery. For the sun is a type of God, and the moon of man. And as the sun far surpasses the moon in power and glory, so far does God surpass man. And as the sun remains ever full, never becoming less, so does God always abide perfect, being full of all power, and understanding, and wisdom, and immortality, and all good. But the moon wanes monthly, and in a manner dies, being a type of man; then it is born again, and is crescent, for a pattern of the future resurrection. In like manner also the three days which were before the luminaries, 1 are types of the Trinity, 2 of God, and His Word, and His wisdom. 3 And the fourth is the type of man, who needs light, that so there may be God, the Word, wisdom, man. Wherefore also on the fourth day the lights were made. The disposition of the stars, too, contains a type of the arrangement and order of the righteous and pious, and of those who keep the law and commandments of God. For the brilliant and bright stars are an imitation of the prophets, and therefore they remain fixed, not declining, nor passing from place to place. And those which hold the second place in brightness, are types of the people of the righteous. And those, again, which change their position, and flee from place to place, which also are called planets, 4 they too are a type of the men who have wandered from God, abandoning His law and commandments.
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Following Wolf's reading. ↩
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Triados. [The earliest use of this word "Trinity." It seems to have been used by this writer in his lost works, also; and, as a learned friends suggests, the use he makes of it is familiar. He does not lug it in as something novel: "types of the Trinity," he says, illustrating an accepted word, not introducing a new one.] ↩
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[An eminent authority says, "It is certain, that, according to the notions of Theophilus, God, His Word, and His wisdom constitute a Trinity; and it should seem a Trinity of persons." He notes that the title sophia, is here assigned to the Holy Spirit, although he himself elsewhere gives this title to the Son (book ii. cap. x., supra), as is more usual with the Fathers." Consult Kaye's Justin Martyr, p. 157. Ed. 1853.] ↩
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i.e., wandering stars. ↩