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Works Hippolytus of Rome (170-235)

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Widerlegung aller Häresien (BKV)

29.

Dies ist, in aller Kürze dargestellt, die Lehre des Pythagoras und Plato; aus ihr, nicht aus den S. 164 Evangelien, stellte Valentinus seine Häresie zusammen, wie wir noch beweisen werden; er dürfte also mit Recht als Pythagoreer und Platoniker angesprochen werden. Valentinus, Herakleon, Ptolemäus und ihre ganze Schule begründeten, als Schüler des Pythagoras und des Plato und ihrer Führung folgend, ihre Zahlenlehre. Für sie ist das Prinzip des Alls die Monas, ungezeugt, unzerstörbar, unfaßbar, unbegreiflich, Erzeugerin und Daseinsursache aller existierenden Dinge; sie nennen diese Monas Vater. Es findet sich aber bei ihnen eine große Meinungsverschiedenheit; die einen nämlich halten dafür, daß der Vater nicht weiblich, gattinnenlos und allein sei, damit die Lehre des Valentinus durchaus rein pythagoreisch sei; die anderen aber halten es für unmöglich, daß aus einem männlichen Faktor allein alle Dinge entstanden seien, und teilen dem Vater des Alls, damit er Vater werde, notwendigerweise Sige als Gattin zu. Ob aber eben nun Sige Gattin ist oder nicht, darüber haben sie untereinander Streit. Wir selbst halten uns an das pythagoreische Prinzip und wollen unter Bezug auf deren Lehre aufzeigen, daß dieses, einzig und ohne Verbindung, nicht weiblich und nichts bedürfend ist. Es bestand1 gar nichts Erzeugtes, der Vater existierte allein, unerzeugt, ohne Ort, ohne Zeit, ohne Ratgeber, ohne irgendeine auf irgendeine Art denkbare Substanz; er war allein, einsam, wie sie sagen, und einzig in sich selbst ruhend. Weil er aber zeugungsfähig war, so beschloß er einmal, das Schönste und Vollkommenste, was er in sich hatte, zu erzeugen und hervorzubringen; er liebte die Einsamkeit nicht. Er war nämlich ganz Liebe, die Liebe ist aber nicht Liebe, wenn kein Objekt der Liebe existiert. Der Vater also, da er allein war, erzeugte den Nus und die Aletheia, d. i. die Dyas, welche Herrin, Prinzip und Mutter wurde aller Äonen, die innerhalb des Pleroma2 von ihnen aufgezählt werden. Nachdem der Nus und die Aletheia vom Vater hervorgebracht waren, der Zeugungsfähige vom Zeugungsfähigen, so brachte er selbst in Nachahmung des Vaters S. 165 den Logos und die Zoe hervor. Der Logos und die Zoe bringen den Menschen und die Kirche hervor. Nachdem der Nus und die Aletheia gesehen hatten, daß ihre Nachkommen zeugungsfähig geworden waren, dankten sie dem Vater des Alls und brachten ihm die vollkommene Zahl, die zehn Äonen, dar. Der Nus und die Aletheia konnten dem Vater nichts Vollkommeneres als diese Zahl darbringen. Denn der Vater als vollkommenes Wesen sollte durch die vollkommene Zahl verherrlicht werden; vollkommen ist die Zehn, weil sie als erste von den aus mehr als einer Einheit bestehenden Zahlen vollkommen ist. Vollkommener noch ist der Vater, weil er, ungezeugt und einzig, durch die erste und einzige Verbindung des Nus und der Aletheia alle die Wurzeln der existierenden Dinge hervorzubringen vermochte.


  1. Gö. ↩

  2. Fuile. ↩

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The Refutation of All Heresies

Chapter XXIV.--Valentinus Convicted of Plagiarisms from the Platonic and Pythagoric Philosophy; The Valentinian Theory of Emanation by Duads.

Of some such nature, as I who have accurately examined their systems (have attempted) to state compendiously, is the opinion of Pythagoras and Plato. And from this (system), not from the Gospels, Valentinus, as we have proved, has collected the (materials of) heresy--I mean his own (heresy)--and may (therefore) justly be reckoned a Pythagorean and Platonist, not a Christian. Valentinus, therefore, and Heracleon, and Ptolemaeus, and the entire school of these (heretics), as disciples of Pythagoras and Plato, (and) following these guides, have laid down as a fundamental principle of their doctrine the arithmetical system. For, likewise, according to these (Valentinians), the originating cause of the universe is a Monad, unbegotten, imperishable, incomprehensible, inconceivable, productive, and a cause of the generation of all existent things. And the aforesaid Monad is styled by them Father. There is, however, discoverable among them some considerable diversity of opinion. For some of them, in order that the Pythagorean doctrine of Valentinus may be altogether free from admixture (with other tenets), suppose that the Father is unfeminine, and unwedded, and solitary. But others, imagining it to be impossible that from a male only there could proceed a generation at all of any of those things that have been made to exist, necessarily reckon along with the Father of the universe, in order that he may be a father, Sige as a spouse. But as to Sige, whether at any time she is united in marriage (to the Father) or not, this is a point which we leave them to wrangle about among themselves. We at present, keeping to the Pythagorean principle, which is one, and unwedded, unfeminine, (and) deficient in nothing, shall proceed to give an account of their doctrines, as they themselves inculcate them. There is, says (Valentinus), not anything at all begotten, but the Father is alone unbegotten, not subject to the condition of place, not (subject to the condition of) time, having no counsellor, (and) not being any other substance that could be realized according to the ordinary methods of perception. (The Father,) however, was solitary, subsisting, as they say, in a state of quietude, and Himself reposing in isolation within Himself. When, however, He became productive, 1 it seemed to Him expedient at one time to generate and lead forth the most beautiful and perfect (of those germs of existence) which He possessed within Himself, for (the Father) was not fond of solitariness. For, says he, He was all love, but love is not love except there may be some object of affection. The Father Himself, then, as He was solitary, projected and produced Nous and Aletheia, that is, a duad which became mistress, 2 and origin, and mother of all the

Aeons computed by them (as existing) within the Pleroma. Nous and Aletheia being projected from the Father, 3 one capable of continuing generation, deriving existence from a productive being, (Nous) himself likewise, in imitation of the Father, projected Logos and Zoe; and Logos and Zoe project Anthropos and Ecclesia. But Nous and Aletheia, when they beheld that their own offspring had been born productive, returned thanks to the Father of the universe, and offer unto Him a perfect number, viz., ten Aeons. For, he says, Nous and Aletheia could not offer unto the Father a more perfect (one) than this number. For the Father, who is perfect, ought to be celebrated by a perfect number, and ten is a perfect number, because this is first of those (numbers) that are formed by plurality, (and therefore) perfect. 4 The Father, however, being more perfect, because being alone unbegotten, by means of the one primary conjugal union of Nous and Aletheia, found means of projecting all the roots of existent things.


  1. Valentinus' system, if purged of the glosses put upon it by his disciples, appears to have been constructed out of a grand conception of Deity, and evidences much power of abstraction. Between the essence of God, dwelling in the midst of isolation prior to an exercise of the creative energy, and the material worlds, Valentinus interposes an ideal world. Through the latter, the soul--of a kindred nature--is enabled to mount up to God. This is the import of the terms Bythus (depth) and Sige (silence, i.e., solitariness) afterwards used. ↩

  2. kuria: instead of this has been suggested the reading kai rhiza, i.e., "which is both the root," etc. ↩

  3. In all this Valentinus intends to delineate the progress from absolute to phenomenal being. There are three developments in this transition. Absolute being (Bythus and Sige) is the same as the eternal thought and consciousness of God's own essence. Here we have the primary emanation, viz., Nous, i.e., Mind (called also Monogenes, only-begotten), and Aletheia, i.e., Truth. Next comes the ideal manifestation through the Logos, i.e., Word (obviously borrowed from the prologue to St. John's Gospel), and Zoe, i.e., Life (taken from the same source). We have then the passage from the ideal to the actual in Anthropos, i.e., Man, and Ecclesia, i.e., Church. These last are the phenomenal manifestations of the divine mind. ↩

  4. teleios: Bunsen would read telos, which Cruice objects to on account of the word teleioteros occurring in the next sentence. ↩

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The Refutation of All Heresies
Widerlegung aller Häresien (BKV)

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Faculty of Theology, Patristics and History of the Early Church
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

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