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Œuvres Eusèbe de Césarée (260-339) Historia Ecclesiastica

Traduction Masquer
Histoire ecclésiastique

CHAPITRE XLI : CEUX QUI FURENT MARTYRISES A ALEXANDRIE MÊME

[1] Le même, dans sa lettre à Fabien, évêque d'Antioche, raconte de cette manière les combats des martyrs d'Alexandrie sous Dèce :

« Ce ne fut pas à partir de l'édit impérial que la persécution commença chez nous, mais elle le précéda d'une année entière. Il le devança, le prophète et l'artisan des maux de cette ville qu'il était, il souleva et excita contre nous la foule des païens en l'enflammant pour son culte des superstitions locales.1 [2] Animés par lui et ayant reçu toute latitude pour l'œuvre impie, ils considéraient que la religion, le culte 257 des démons consistait seulement à nous mettre à mort. [3] Ils se saisirent donc d'abord d'un vieillard nommé Métra et lui ordonnèrent de dire des paroles athées : il refusa ; alors ils le frappèrent à coups de bâton, et avec des roseaux pointus ils lui percèrent le visage ainsi que les yeux, puis ils l'emmenèrent dans le faubourg et le lapidèrent. [4] Ensuite ils conduisirent une femme chrétienne, du nom de Quinta, vers le temple des idoles et la contraignirent d'adorer; elle se détourna et manifesta son dégoût; ils la lièrent alors par les pieds et la traînèrent par toute la ville sur le rude pavé et la meurtrirent sur les pierres meulières, tout en l'accablant de coups de fouet, puis ils la conduisirent au même endroit que Métra et la lapidèrent.2

[5] « Ensuite tous d'un commun accord ils s'élancent vers les maisons des chrétiens : chacun fait irruption chez, les voisins qu'il connaît et les emmène, puis les vole et les pille. Les objets les plus précieux sont réservés ; ceux qui le sont moins, comme ceux en bois, sont jetés et brûlés dans les rues et donnent l'aspect d'une ville prise par des ennemis.3 [6] Les frères se dérobaient et s'enfuyaient ; ils supportaient avec joie qu'on leur ravît leurs biens, comme ceux auxquels Paul a rendu témoignage. Et je ne sais pas, sauf un peut-être qui par hasard est tombé, s'il en est jusqu'à présent qui aient renié le Seigneur.

[7] « Mais ils se saisirent aussi d'Apollonie, vierge très digne d'admiration et d'un grand âge ; ils lui firent tomber toutes les dents en lui frappant les mâchoires, puis ils construisirent un bûcher devant la ville et la menacèrent de l'y jeter vivante si elle ne prononçait 259 avec eux les formules de l'impiété. Elle s'en excusa brièvement puis offrant son sacrifice elle s'élança vivement dans le feu et y fut consumée.4 [8] On arrêta encore Sérapion chez lui et on lui infligea de cruelles tortures; on lui brisa toutes les jointures des membres et on le précipita de la chambre haute la tête en avant.

« Il n'y avait ni route, ni rue, ni sentier qui nous fut accessible, de jour comme de nuit; sans cesse et partout tous criaient: «Si quelqu'un ne chante pas les paroles d'insulte, il faut qu'il soit aussitôt emmené et bridé. » [9] Et ces maux gardèrent longtemps cette sorte d'acuité ; puis la révolution vint ensuite pour ces hommes méchants et une guerre civile fut cause qu'ils tournèrent contre eux-mêmes la cruauté dont nous étions l'objet. Nous respirâmes un peu ; ils ne prenaient plus le loisir de s'irriter contre nous; mais bientôt le changement de ce règne [de Philippe] qui nous avait été plus favorable fut annoncé, et la crainte intense de ce qui nous menaçait planait sur nous.5

[10] « Et, en effet, l'édit existait bien et il ressemblait presque à ce qui a été prédit par Notre Seigneur, comme devant être rapide et très terrible, si bien que, s'il eût été possible, les élus eux-mêmes eussent été scandalisés. [11] D'ailleurs tous furent frappés d'épouvante ; beaucoup et des plus considérables se présentèrent aussitôt ; ceux-ci cédaient à la crainte, ceux-là étaient fonctionnaires et étaient amenés par leurs fonctions, les autres étaient entraînés par leur entourage ; appelés par leur nom, ils allaient aux sacrifices impurs et impies. Les uns étaient pâles et tremblants, non pas comme des gens qui devaient sacrifier, mais comme s'ils devaient 261 eux-mêmes être sacrifiés et immolés aux idoles : aussi étaient-ils assaillis parle rire moqueur du peuple nombreux qui les entourait, et il était évident qu'ils étaient lâches pour tout, aussi bien pour mourir que pour sacrifier. [12] Certains autres, cependant, accouraient aux autels d'une façon plus résolue et affirmaient avec audace qu'ils n'avaient jamais été chrétiens ; à leur sujet la prophétie du Sauveur est très vraie : ils seront difficilement sauvés. Le reste, ou bien suivait le mauvais exemple des uns et des autres, ou bien fuyait. [13] Certains étaient arrêtés, et de ceux-ci les uns, après avoir été jusqu'aux fers et à la prison, quelques-uns même après y avoir demeuré plusieurs jours, abjuraient ensuite avant d'aller au tribunal ; les autres, après avoir enduré un certain temps les tortures, refusaient d'aller plus loin.

[14] « Mais les robustes et saintes colonnes du Seigneur, fortifiées par lui et puisant dans la foi solide qu'elles avaient en elles, une dignité, une force et une puissance proportionnée, furent d'admirables témoins de son royaume. [15] Le premier de ceux-ci fut Julien; il était goutteux, et ne pouvait ni se tenir debout ni marcher; il fut amené avec deux hommes qui le portaient ; l'un de ceux-ci renia sur-le-champ; mais l'autre qui s'appelait Chronion et avait le surnom d'Eunous confessa le Seigneur ainsi que le vieillard Julien. On les mit sur des chameaux et on les promena en les fouettant par toute la ville qui, vous le savez, est très grande ; enfin ils furent brûlés avec de la chaux vive que tout le peuple répandait sur eux. [16] Un soldat les escortait tandis qu'on les emmenait 263 et il s'opposait à ceux qui les insultaient; ceux-ci se mirent à pousser des cris et le très courageux guerrier de Dieu, Bésas, fut conduit au tribunal ; après s'être distingué dans le grand combat de la religion, il eut la tête tranchée. [17] Un autre, de race libyenne, Makar [Bienheureux], dont le nom et la bénédiction étaient également vrais, après avoir subi de la part du juge une exhortation prolongée à renier sa foi, n'ayant pas été amené à céder, fut brûlé vivant. Après ceux-ci, Épimaque et Alexandre qui étaient demeurés longtemps enchaînés, qui avaient souffert mille douleurs, les peignes de fer et les fouets, furent eux aussi arrosés de chaux vive. [18] Avec eux, il y eut encore quatre femmes ainsi qu'Ammonarion, vierge sainte, à qui le juge fit très opiniâtrement subir des tortures très prolongées parce qu'elle avait déclaré à l'avance qu'elle ne dirait rien de ce qu'il lui ordonnerait ; elle réalisa ce qu'elle avait promis et elle fut emmenée à la mort. Restaient Mercuria, d'une très vénérable vieillesse, et Denise, mère de beaucoup d'enfants, mais qui ne les avait pas aimés plus que le Seigneur; le juge eut honte de les tourmenter inutilement encore et d'être vaincu par des femmes; elles moururent par le fer et n'eurent plus à subir l'épreuve des tortures parce qu'Ammonarion, qui avait combattu la première, les avait endurées pour toutes.6

[19] « Héron, Ater et Isidore, égyptiens, et avec eux un jeune enfant d'environ quinze ans, Dioscore, furent livrés. Le juge s'en prit d'abord à l'adolescent, comme à quelqu'un facile à tromper par des paroles, et aisé à contraindre par des tortures, mais Dioscore ni n'obéit 265 ni ne céda.7 [20] Le magistrat fit déchirer les autres d'une façon très sauvage et, comme ils résistaient, il les livra eux aussi au feu. Quand Dioscore, qui avait brillé en public, et qui avait répondu très sagement aux questions faites en particulier, le juge étonné le laissa aller, disant qu'il lui accordait un délai pour se repentir à cause de son Age. Maintenant encore cet enfant très digne de Dieu, Dioscore, est avec nous; il attend une lutte plus prolongée et un combat plus complet.

[21] « Un certain Némésion, lui aussi égyptien, fut dénoncé comme habitant avec des brigands; s'étant justifié de cette calomnie, très étrange devant le centurion, il fut accusé comme chrétien et vint enchaîné devant le gouverneur; le juge très injuste lui fit infliger en tortures et en flagellations le double de celles administrées aux voleurs, puis il ordonna de le brûler au milieu d'eux, honorant ce bienheureux de cette ressemblance avec le Christ.

[22] « Mais toute une escouade de soldats : Ammon, Zénon, Ptolémée et Ingénès, et avec eux le vieillard Théophile, se tenaient debout devant le tribunal. On jugeait comme chrétien quelqu'un qui inclinait déjà au reniement : ceux-là, qui étaient auprès de lui, grinçaient les dénis, faisaient des signes avec la tête, tendaient les mains, gesticulaient par tout leur corps. [23] Tout le monde se tourne de leur côté, mais avant qu'on eût saisi aucun d'eux ils prennent les devants, courent et montent sur le tribunal en disant, qu'ils sont Chrétiens; le gouverneur et ses assesseurs sont saisis de crainte; ceux qui étaient jugés paraissaient tout à fait remplis de courage 267 et décidés aux supplices qu'ils devaient endurer, tandis que ceux qui jugeaient avaient peur. Ceux-là sortirent solennellement des tribunaux et ils exultaient de leur témoignage ; Dieu les faisait glorieusement triompher.


  1. Le décret de Dèce est de l'automne 249. Mais auparavant, Alexandrie eut une persécution locale suivie d'une sédition et de troubles semblables à ceux qui éclataient souvent dans cette ville. — ποιητής : on a pris ce mot au sens de « poète ». Mais il a un sens général dans Denys (VII, xxv, 2; Praep. evang., VII, xx et xxi).-- δεισιδαιμονίαν : mot propre pour les superstitions particulières, locales ou individuelles, qui ne relèvent pas des cultes officiels et que nous rangeons le plus souvent dans le folklore; cf. THEOPHRASTE, Carct., xv,, et le commentaire de l'édition de Leipzig; TAC, Hist., I, lxi,.  ↩

  2. μυλιαίοις : le pavé des rues était formé de pierres dures, silex.  ↩

  3. κατακάοντες BD, κατακαίοντες AB SYNCELLE, « verbrannten sie » arm., « igni cremarent » lat., καταλῶντες EMR, om. T1 ; voy. SCHAWARTZ, p. cxxx,.  ↩

  4. τὰ τῆς ἀσεβίας κηρύγματα : cf. 5, ἄθεα ῥήματα et IV, xv, 18 et 20 (t. I, p. 425); PLINE, Epist.,X, xcvii : Christo maledicere.  ↩

  5. διήγγελται : il fallait un certain temps pour que les nouvelles de Rome parvinssent à Alexandrle.- περικεχυμένου BDM πυρὶ κεχυμένου ERT arm. SYNCELLE, πυρὶ περκεχυμένου, « iubentur... populo spectante laniari » lat. Plus loin, § 13, πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ est donné par toutes les sources du texte. Sur ces passages, voy. SCHWARTZ, p. LXXIX-LXXX, qui pense que πυρὶ était déjà interpolé dans le texte que lisait Eusèbe au § 13. Ἡ ἄσωεστος est le nom de la chaux vive. Un souvenir de MAT., iii,12, a fait introduire 540 πυρί qui a entraîné dans la plupart des mss. le changement de κατετάκησαν en κατεκάησαν.  ↩

  6. Ἀμμωνάριόν τε mss. arm. SYNCELLE, in quibus lat (Ἀμμωναρία M SYNC. arm.lat.) : on attend quelque chose d'analogue à ce que Rufin donne, sans doute par conjecture. Eusèbe ne nomme que trois femmes. M. Schwartz suppose que le quatrième nom était déjà tombé dans le texte qu'il lisait. Rufin conjecture : « et alla Ammonaria >>, après Dionysia, sur une fausse interprétation de ἡ πρόμαχος  ↩

  7. Ἀτήρ mss. arm., Ἀστήρ SYNCELLE, Arsinus lat. ↩

Traduction Masquer
The Church History of Eusebius

Chapter XLI.--The Martyrs in Alexandria.

1. The same writer, in an epistle to Fabius, 1 bishop of Antioch, relates as follows the sufferings of the martyrs in Alexandria under Decius:

"The persecution among us did not begin with the royal decree, but preceded it an entire year. 2 The prophet and author of evils 3 to this city, whoever he was, previously moved and aroused against us the masses of the heathen, rekindling among them the superstition of their country.

2. And being thus excited by him and finding full opportunity for any wickedness, they considered this the only pious service of their demons, that they should slay us.

3. "They seized first an old man named Metras, 4 and commanded him to utter impious words. But as he would not obey, they beat him with clubs, and tore his face and eyes with sharp sticks, and dragged him out of the city and stoned him.

4. Then they carried to their idol temple a faithful woman, named Quinta, that they might force her to worship. And as she turned away in detestation, they bound her feet and dragged her through the entire city over the stone-paved streets, and dashed her against the millstones, and at the same time scourged her; then, taking her to the same place, they stoned her to death.

5. Then all with one impulse rushed to the homes of the pious, and they dragged forth whomsoever any one knew as a neighbor, and despoiled and plundered them. They took for themselves the more valuable property; but the poorer articles and those made of wood they scattered about and burned in the streets, so that the city appeared as if taken by an enemy.

6. But the brethren withdrew and went away, and took joyfully the spoiling of their goods,' 5 like those to whom Paul bore witness. I know of no one unless possibly some one who fell into their hands, who, up to this time, denied the Lord.

7. Then they seized also that most admirable virgin, Apollonia, an old woman, and, smiting her on the jaws, broke out all her teeth. And they made a fire outside the city and threatened to burn her alive if she would not join with them in their impious cries. And she, supplicating a little, was released, when she leaped eagerly into the fire and was consumed.

8. Then they seized Serapion in his own house, and tortured him with harsh cruelties, and having broken all his limbs, they threw him headlong from an upper story. And there was no street, nor public road, nor lane open to us, by night or day; for always and everywhere, all of them cried out that if any one would not repeat their impious words, he should immediately be dragged away and burned.

9. And matters continued thus for a considerable time. But a sedition and civil war came upon the wretched people and turned their cruelty toward us against one another. 6 So we breathed for a little while as they ceased from their rage against us. But presently the change from that milder reign was announced to us, 7 and great fear of what was threatened seized us.

10. For the decree arrived, almost like unto that most terrible time foretold by our Lord, which if it were possible would offend even the elect. 8

11. All truly were affrighted. And many of the more eminent in their fear came forward immediately; 9 others who were in the public service were drawn on by their official duties; 10 others were urged on by their acquaintances. And as their names were called they approached the impure and impious sacrifices. Some of them were pale and trembled as if they were not about to sacrifice, but to be themselves sacrifices and offerings to the idols; so that they were jeered at by the multitude who stood around, as it was plain to every one that they were afraid either to die or to sacrifice.

12. But some advanced to the altars more readily, declaring boldly that they had never been Christians. Of these the prediction of our Lord is most true that they shall hardly' 11 be saved. Of the rest some followed the one, others the other of these classes, some fled and some were seized.

13. And of the latter some continued faithful until bonds and imprisonment, and some who had even been imprisoned for many days yet abjured the faith before they were brought to trial. Others having for a time endured great tortures finally retracted.

14. But the firm and blessed pillars of the Lord being strengthened by him, and having received vigor and might suitable and appropriate to the strong faith which they possessed, became admirable witnesses of his kingdom.

15. The first of these was Julian, a man who suffered so much with the gout that he was unable to stand or walk. They brought him forward with two others who carried him. One of these immediately denied. But the other, whose name was Cronion, and whose surname was Eunus, and the old man Julian himself, both of them having confessed the Lord, were carried on camels through the entire city, which, as you know, is a very large one, and in this elevated position were beaten and finally burned in a fierce fire, 12 surrounded by all the populace.

16. But a soldier, named Besas, who stood by them as they were led away rebuked those who insulted them. And they cried out against him, and this most manly warrior of God was arraigned, and having done nobly in the great contest for piety, was beheaded.

17. A certain other one, a Libyan by birth, but in name and blessedness a true Macar, 13 was strongly urged by the judge to recant; but as he would not yield he was burned alive. After them Epimachus and Alexander, having remained in bonds for a long time, and endured countless agonies from scrapers 14 and scourges, were also consumed in a fierce fire. 15

18. And with them there were four women. Ammonarium, a holy virgin, the judge tortured relentlessly and excessively, because she declared from the first that she would utter none of those things which he commanded; and having kept her promise truly, she was dragged away. The others were Mercuria, a very remarkable old woman, and Dionysia, the mother of many children, who did not love her own children above the Lord. 16 As the governor was ashamed of torturing thus ineffectually, and being always defeated by women, they were put to death by the sword, without the trial of tortures. For the champion, Ammonarium, endured these in behalf of all.

19. The Egyptians, Heron and Ater and Isidorus, and with them Dioscorus, 17 a boy about fifteen years old, were delivered up. At first the judge attempted to deceive the lad by fair words, as if he could be brought over easily, and then to force him by tortures, as one who would readily yield. But Dioscorus was neither persuaded nor constrained.

20. As the others remained firm, he scourged them cruelly and then delivered them to the fire. But admiring the manner in which Dioscorus had distinguished himself publicly, and his wise answers to his persuasions, he dismissed him, saying that on account of his youth he would give him time for repentance. And this most godly Dioscorus is among us now, awaiting a longer conflict and more severe contest.

21. But a certain Nemesion, who also was an Egyptian, was accused as an associate of robbers; but when he had cleared himself before the centurion of this charge most foreign to the truth, he was informed against as a Christian, and taken in bonds before the governor. And the most unrighteous magistrate inflicted on him tortures and scourgings double those which he executed on the robbers, and then burned him between the robbers, thus honoring the blessed man by the likeness to Christ.

22. A band of soldiers, Ammon and Zeno and Ptolemy and Ingenes, and with them an old man, Theophilus, were standing close together before the tribunal. And as a certain person who was being tried as a Christian, seemed inclined to deny, they standing by gnashed their teeth, and made signs with their faces and stretched out their hands, and gestured with their bodies. And when the attention of all was turned to them, before any one else could seize them, they rushed up to the tribunal saying that they were Christians, so that the governor and his council were affrighted. And those who were on trial appeared most courageous in prospect of their sufferings, while their judges trembled. And they went exultingly from the tribunal rejoicing in their testimony; 18 God himself having caused them to triumph gloriously."


  1. I read ph?bion with the majority of the mss., and with Valesius, Stroth, Burton, Closs, and Crusè, preferring to adopt the same spelling here that is used in the other passages in which the same bishop is mentioned. A number of mss. read phabianon, which is supported by Rufinus, and adopted by Schwegler, Laemmer, and Heinichen. On Fabius, bishop of Antioch, see chap. 39, note 7. The time of his episcopate stated in that note fixes the date of this epistle within narrow limits, viz. between 250 and the spring of 253. The whole tone of the letter and the discussion of the readmission of the lapsed would lead us to think that the epistle was written after the close of the persecution, but in §20, Dioscorus is said to be still among them, waiting for "a longer and more severe conflict," which seems to imply that the persecution, if not raging at the time, was at least expected to break out again soon. This would lead us to think of the closing months of Decius' reign, i.e. late in the year 251, and this date finds confirmation in the consideration that the epistle (as we learn from chap. 44) was written after the breaking out of the Novatian schism, and apparently after the election of Novatian as opposition bishop, for Fabius can hardly have sided with him against his bishop, so long as he was only a presbyter. Doubtless Novatian's official letter, announcing his election, had influenced Fabius. But Novation was elected bishop in 251, probably in the summer or early fall; at least, some months after Cornelius' accession which took place in February, 251. It seems, from chap. 44, that Fabius was inclined to side with Novatian, and to favor his rigoristic principles. This epistle was written (as we learn from chap. 42, §6) with the express purpose of leading him to change his position and to adopt more lenient principles in his treatment of the lapsed. It is with this end in view that Dionysius details at such length in this chapter the sufferings of the martyrs. He wishes to impress upon Fabius their piety and steadfastness, in order to beget greater respect for their opinions. Having done this, he states that they who best understood the temptations to which the persecuted were exposed, had received the lapsed, when repentant, into fellowship as before (see chap. 42, note 6). Dionysius' own position in the matter comes out very clearly in this epistle. He was in full sympathy with the milder treatment of the lapsed advocated in Rome and in Carthage by Cornelius and Cyprian. ↩

  2. The edict of Decius was published early in the year 250, and therefore the persecution in Alexandria, according to Dionysius, began in 249, while Philip was still emperor. Although the latter showed the Christians favor, yet it is not at all surprising that this local persecution should break out during his reign. The peace which the Christians were enjoying naturally fostered the growth of the Church, and the more patriotic and pious of the heathen citizens of the empire must necessarily have felt great solicitude at its constant increase, and the same spirit which led Decius to persecute would lead many such persons to desire to persecute when the opportunity offered itself; and the closing months of Philip's reign were so troubled with rebellions and revolutions that he had little time, and perhaps less inclination, to interfere in such a minor matter as a local persecution of Christians. The common people of Alexandria were of an excitable and riotous disposition, and it was always easy there to stir up a tumult at short notice and upon slight pretexts. ↩

  3. ho kakon te polei taute m?ntis kai poietes. The last word is rendered "poet" by most translators, and the rendering is quite possible; but it is difficult to understand why Dionysius should speak of this person's being a poet, which could have no possible connection with the matter in hand. It seems better to take poietes in its common sense of "maker," or "author," and to suppose Dionysius to be thinking of this man, not simply as the prophet of evils to the city, but also as their author, in that he "moved and aroused against us the masses of the heathen." ↩

  4. Of the various martyrs and confessors mentioned in this chapter, we know only what is told us by Dionysius in this epistle. ↩

  5. Heb. x. 34. Upon the authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews, see Bk. III. chap. 3, note 17; and upon Eusebius' opinion in the matter, see Bk. III. chap. 25, note 1. ↩

  6. We know that the closing months of Philip's reign were troubled with seditions in various quarters; but Dionysius is our only authority for this particular one, unless it be connected, as some think, with the revolt which Zosimus describes as aroused in the Orient by the bad government of Philip's brother, who was governor there, and by excessive taxation (see Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. III. p. 272). ↩

  7. This refers to the death of Philip and the accession of Decius. The hostile edicts of the latter seem not to have been published until some months after his accession, i.e. early in 250. But his hostility to Christianity might have been known from the start, and it might have been understood that he would persecute as soon as he had attended to the other more important matters connected with his accession. ↩

  8. Matt. xxiv. 24. Eusebius reads skandalisai; Matthew, planathai or planesai ↩

  9. i.e. to sacrifice. ↩

  10. hoi de demosieuontes hupo ton pr?xeon egonto. Every officer of the government under the imperial regimen was obliged to sacrifice to the Gods upon taking office, and also to sacrifice at stated times during his term of office, and upon special occasions, or in connection with the performance of important official duties. He might thus be called upon in his official capacity frequently to offer sacrifices, and a failure to perform this part of his duties was looked upon as sacrilege and punished as a crime against the state. Christian officials, therefore, were always in danger of suffering for their religion unless they were allowed as a special favor, to omit the sacrifices, as was often the case under those emperors who were more favorably inclined toward Christianity. A private citizen was never obliged to sacrifice except in times of persecution, when he might be ordered to do so as a test. But an official could not carry out fully all the duties of his position without sacrificing. This is one reason why many of the Christians avoided public office, and thus drew upon themselves the accusation of a lack of patriotism (cf. Origen, Contra Cels. VI. 5 sq., and Tertullian's Apol. c. 42); and it is also one reason why such Christians as happened to be in office were always the first to suffer under a hostile emperor. ↩

  11. Cf. Matt. xix. 23. This sentence shows that Dionysius did not consider it impossible even for those to be saved who denied Christ before enduring any suffering at all. He was clearly willing to leave a possibility of salvation even to the worst offenders, and in this agreed perfectly with Cornelius, Cyprian, and the body of the Roman and Carthaginian churches. ↩

  12. asbesto puri. ↩

  13. The Greek word m?kar means "blessed." ↩

  14. xusteras. "The instrument of torture here mentioned was an iron scraper, calculated to wound and tear the flesh as it passed over it" (Crusè). ↩

  15. puri asbesto. ↩

  16. Rufinus adds at this point the words et alia Ammonaria ("and another Ammonaria"). Valesius therefore conjectures that the words kai 'Ammon?rion hetera must have stood in the original text, and he is followed by Stroth and Heinichen. The mss., however, are unanimous in their omission of the words, and the second sentence below, which speaks of only a single Ammonarium, as if there were no other, certainly argues against their insertion. It is possible that Rufinus, finding only three women mentioned after Dionysius had referred to four, ventured to insert the "other Ammonaria." ↩

  17. It has been suggested (by Birks in the Dict. of Christ. Biog.) that this Dioscorus may be identical with the presbyter of the same name mentioned in Bk. VII. chap. 11, §24. But this is quite impossible, for Dioscorus, as we learn from this passage, was but fifteen years old at the time of the Decian persecution, and Dionysius is still speaking of the same persecution when he mentions the presbyter Dioscorus in the chapter referred to (see note 31 on that chapter). ↩

  18. marturi& 139;. It is difficult to ascertain from Dionysius' language whether these five soldiers suffered martyrdom or whether they were released. The language admits either interpretation, and some have supposed that the magistrate was so alarmed at what he feared might be a general defection among the troops that he dismissed these men without punishing them. At the same time it seems as if Dionysius would have stated this directly if it were a fact. There is nothing in the narrative to imply that their fate was different from that of the others; and moreover, it hardly seems probable that the defection of five soldiers should so terrify the judge as to cause him to cease executing the imperial decree, and of course if he did not execute it in the case of the soldiers, he could hardly do it in the case of others. ↩

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Kirchengeschichte (BKV) Comparer
The Church History of Eusebius
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Einleitung: Kirchengeschichte des Eusebius
Introduction to Eusebius' Church History
Supplementary Notes and Tables

Table des matières

Faculté de théologie, Patristique et histoire de l'Église ancienne
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

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