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ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΥΡΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

ιδʹ.

Περὶ Γεωργίου καὶ τῶν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ ὑπ´ αὐτοῦ τολμηθέντων κακῶν.

Οὕτω τούτου τὰς μιαιφόνους ἐκείνων διαφυγόντος χεῖρας, Γεώργιος μὲν λύκος ἕτερος τῶν προβάτων ἐκείνων ἐπιστεύθη τὴν ἐξουσίαν, ὠμότερον δὲ λύκου παντὸς καὶ ἄρκτου καὶ παρδάλεως τοῖς προβάτοις ἐχρῆτο. Τὰς μὲν γὰρ διὰ βίου τὴν παρθενίαν ὑπεσχημένας οὐ τὴν Ἀθανασίου μόνον ἀρνεῖσθαι κοινωνίαν ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν πατέρων ἀναθεματίζειν τὴν πίστιν ἠνάγκαζε. Σύνεργον δὲ τῆς ὠμότητος εἶχε Σεβαστιανόν τινα τῶν στρατιωτικῶν καταλόγων ἡγούμενον, ὃς ἐν μέσῃ τῇ πόλει πυρὰν ἀνάψας καὶ ταύτῃ τὰς παρθένους γυμνὰς παραστήσας ἀρνεῖσθαι τὴν πίστιν ἐκέλευεν. Αἱ δὲ θέαμα δεινὸν ὁμοῦ καὶ ἐλεεινὸν πιστοῖς ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀπίστοις προκείμεναι, καὶ τὴν ἐσχάτην ἀτιμίαν τιμὴν μεγίστην ἐνόμιζον καὶ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως μάστιγας ἀσμένως ὑπέμενον. Καὶ ταῦτα δὲ σαφέστερον ὁ τούτων ποιμὴν διηγήσεται.

« Εἶτα ἐλθὼν τῇ Τεσσαρακοστῇ ὁ παρ´ αὐτῶν ἀποσταλεὶς ἐκ Καππαδοκίας Γεώργιος ηὔξησεν ἃ παρ´ αὐτῶν μεμάθηκε κακά. Μετὰ γὰρ τὰ ἕβδομα τοῦ Πάσχα παρθένοι εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐβάλλοντο, ἐπίσκοποι ἤγοντο ὑπὸ στρατιωτῶν δεδεμένοι, ὀρφανῶν καὶ χηρῶν ἡρπάζοντο αἱ οἰκίαι, καὶ ἁρπαγαὶ καὶ ἔφοδοι κατὰ τῶν οἰκιῶν ἐγίνοντο καὶ νυκτὸς Χριστιανοὶ κατεφέροντο, ἐπεσφραγίσθησαν οἰκίαι καὶ ἀδελφοὶ κληρικῶν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐκινδύνευον. Καὶ δεινὰ μὲν ταῦτα, δεινότερα δὲ τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα τολμήματα. Τῇ γὰρ ἑβδομάδι μετὰ τὴν ἁγίαν Πεντηκοστὴν ὁ λαὸς νηστεύσας ἐξῆλθε περὶ τὸ κοιμητήριον εὔξασθαι, διὰ τὸ πάντας ἀποστρέφεσθαι τὴν πρὸς Γεώργιον κοινωνίαν. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μαθὼν ὁ παμπόνηρος αὐτὸς παροξύνει τὸν στρατηλάτην Σεβαστιανόν, Μανιχαῖον ὄντα. Καὶ λοιπὸν αὐτὸς μετὰ πλήθους στρατιωτῶν ὅπλα καὶ ξίφη γυμνὰ καὶ τόξα καὶ βέλη φερόντων ὥρμησεν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ κυριακῇ κατὰ τῶν λαῶν. Καὶ ὀλίγους εὑρὼν εὐχομένους (οἱ γὰρ πλεῖστοι λοιπὸν διὰ τὴν ὥραν ἀναχωρήσαντες ἦσαν), τοιαῦτα εἰργάσατο οἷα παρ´ αὐτῶν ἔπρεπεν ἀκούσαντα πρᾶξαι. Πυρκαϊὰν γὰρ ἀνάψας καὶ στήσας παρθένους παρὰ τὸ πῦρ, ἠνάγκαζε λέγειν ἑαυτὰς τῆς Ἀρείου πίστεως εἶναι. Ὡς δὲ νικώσας αὐτὰς ἔβλεπε, γυμνώσας λοιπὸν οὕτως κατέκοψεν εἰς τὰ πρόσωπα, ὡς μετὰ χρόνον αὐτὰς μόλις ἐπιγνωσθῆναι. Ἄνδρας δὲ κρατήσας τεσσαράκοντα καινοτέρῳ τρόπῳ κατέκοψεν. ῥάβδους γὰρ τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν φοινίκων 〈εὐθὺς τεμὼν〉 ἐν αὐταῖς ἐχούσας ἔτι τοὺς σκόλοπας, τὰ νῶτα τούτων οὕτως ἐξέδειρεν ὡς τινὰς μὲν πολλάκις χειρουργηθῆναι διὰ τοὺς ἀποπαγέντας ἐν αὐτοῖς σκόλοπας, τινὰς δὲ καὶ μὴ φέροντας ἀποθανεῖν. Πάντας μὲν οὖν τοὺς περιλειφθέντας ἀθρόως καὶ τὰς παρθένους ἐξώρισαν εἰς τὴν μεγάλην Ὄασιν· τὰ δὲ σώματα τῶν τετελευτηκότων οὐδὲ τοῖς ἰδίοις κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀποδοθῆναι πεποιήκασιν, ἀλλ´ ἔκρυψαν ὡς ἠθέλησαν, ἄταφα βαλόντες, ὑπὲρ τοῦ δοκεῖν αὐτοὺς λανθάνειν τὴν τοσαύτην ὠμότητα. Πράττουσι δὲ τοῦτο πεπλανημένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ οἱ παράφρονες· τῶν γὰρ οἰκείων τῶν τετελευτηκότων, χαιρόντων μὲν διὰ τὴν ὁμολογίαν, θρηνούντων δὲ διὰ τὰ σώματα, μείζων ἐξηχεῖτο κατ´ αὐτῶν ὁ τῆς ὠμότητος ἔλεγχος. Καὶ γὰρ εὐθὺς ἀπὸ τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ τῶν Λιβυῶν ἐξώρισαν μὲν ἐπισκόπους Ἀμμώνιον, Μούϊον, Γάϊον, Φίλωνα, Ἑρμῆν, Πλήνιον, Ψενόσιριν, Νειλάμμωνα, Ἄγαθον, Ἀνάγαμφον, Μάρκον, Ἀμμώνιον ἕτερον, Μάρκον ἕτερον, Δρακόντιον, Ἀδέλφιον, Ἀθηνόδωρον, καὶ πρεσβυτέρους Ἱέρακα καὶ Διόσκορον. Καὶ οὕτω πικρῶς ἤλασαν αὐτοὺς ὡς τινὰς μὲν αὐτῶν ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς, τινὰς δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ἐξορισμῷ ἀποθανεῖν. Ἐφυγάδευσαν δὲ ἐπισκόπους πλείους ἢ τριάκοντα. Σπουδὴ γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὸν Ἀχαάβ, εἰ δυνατόν, ἐξᾶραι τὴν ἀλήθειαν. »

Καὶ παραμυθητικοὺς δὲ λόγους ταῖς παρθένοις ἐκείναις αἳ τὰ παγχάλεπα ἐκεῖνα ὑπέμειναν γράφων, καὶ ταῦτα ἐντέθεικε·

«Διὰ τοῦτο μηδὲ γινέσθω τις ὑμῶν περίλυπος, εἰ καὶ θαπτομέναις ὑμῖν φθονοῦσιν οἱ δυσσεβεῖς καὶ κωλύουσι τὰς ἐκφοράς. Καὶ μέχρι γὰρ τούτων ἡ καταστροφὴ τῶν Ἀρειανῶν ἔφθασε· καὶ τὰς μὲν πύλας κλείουσι, περὶ δὲ τὰ μνήματα ὡς δαίμονες καθέζονται, ἵνα μή τις τῶν ἀπογενομένων ἀποτεθῇ.»

Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν καὶ τὰ προσόμοια τούτοις ὁ Γεώργιος ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ εἰργάζετο.

ὁ δὲ θεῖος Ἀθανάσιος οὐδὲν χωρίον ὀχυρὸν ἐνόμιζεν εἰς ἀσφάλειαν, τοῦ βασιλέως ἢ ζῶντα ἀχθῆναι προστεταχότος ἢ τεθνεῶτος κομισθῆναί οἱ τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ μισθὸν τῷ τοῦτο δρῶντι ὑπισχνουμένου ὅτι μάλιστα πλεῖστον.

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The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)

Chapter XVI. Concerning the Synod held at Nica in Thrace, and the Confession of Faith drawn up there.

¹After this letter they ² irritated the emperor, and got the majority of the bishops, against their will, to a certain town of Thrace, of the name of Nica. Some simple men they deluded, and others they terrified, into carrying out their old contrivance for injuring the true religion, by erasing the words “Substance” and “of one Substance” from the Creed, and inserting instead of them the word “like.” I insert their formula in this history, not as being couched in proper terms, but because it convicts the faction of Arius, for it is not even accepted by the disaffected of the present time. Now, instead of “the like” they preach “the unlike ³.”

Unsound Creed put forth at Nica in Thrace.

“We believe in one only true God, Father Almighty, of Whom are all things. And in the only-begotten Son of God, Who before all ages and before every beginning was begotten of God, through Whom all things were made, both visible and invisible: alone begotten, only-begotten of the Father alone, God of God: like the Father that begat Him, according to the Scriptures, Whose generation no one knoweth except only the Father that begat Him. This Only-begotten Son of God, sent by His Father, we know to have come down from heaven, as it is written, for the destruction of sin and death; begotten of the Holy Ghost and the Virgin Mary, as it is written, according to the flesh. Who companied with His disciples, and when the dispensation was fulfilled, according to the Father’s will, was crucified, dead, and buried, and descended to the world below, at Whom Hell himself trembled. On the third day He rose from the dead and companied with His disciples forty days. He was taken up into Heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of His Father, and is coming at the last day of the Resurrection, in His Father’s Glory, to render to every one according to his works. And we believe in the Holy Ghost, which the Only-begotten Son of God, Jesus Christ, both God and Lord, promised to send to man, the Comforter, as it is written, the Spirit of Truth. This Spirit He Himself sent after He had ascended into Heaven and sat at the right hand of the Father, from thence to come to judge both quick and dead. But the word ‘the Substance,’ which was too simply inserted by the Fathers, and, not being understood by the people, was a cause of scandal through its not being found in the Scriptures, it hath seemed good to us to remove, and that for the future no mention whatever be permitted of ‘Substance,’ on account of the sacred Scriptures nowhere making any mention of the ‘Substance’ of the Father and the Son. Nor must one ‘essence [^48]’ be named in relation to the person [^49] of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. And we call the Son like the Father, as the Holy Scriptures call Him and teach; but all the heresies, both those already condemned, and any, if such there be, which have risen against the document thus put forth, let them be Anathema.”

This Creed was subscribed by the bishops, some being frightened and some cajoled, but those who refused to give in their adhesion were banished to the most remote regions of the world.

[^48] : ὑπόστασις

[^49] : πρόσωπον