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ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΥΡΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

κςʹ.

Περὶ τῆς ἐν Νικαίᾳ πάλιν γεγενημένης συνόδου.

Ταῦτα μαθὼν ὁ Κωνστάντιος Ἀντιοχεῦσι μὲν ἐπέστειλεν ὡς οὐκ αὐτὸς Εὐδοξίῳ τὴν τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκείνης ἐπέτρεψε προεδρίαν (τοῦτο γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ἐθρύλησεν)· Εὐδόξιον δὲ τῆς μὲν πόλεως ἐξελαθῆναι, δοῦναι δὲ δίκας ὧν ἔδρασεν ἐν Νικαίᾳ τῆς Βιθυνίας προσέταξεν, ἐκεῖ συνδραμεῖν παρεγγυήσας τὴν σύνοδον. Τὴν δὲ Νίκαιαν αὐτὸς Εὐδόξιος ἀφορίσαι τῷ συνεδρίῳ τοὺς τὰ βασίλεια πεπιστευμένους οἰκονομεῖν ἔπεισεν. Ἀλλ´ ὁ τῶν ὅλων πρύτανις, τὰ ἐσόμενα ἐπιστάμενος ὡς ἤδη γεγενημένα, σεισμῷ τινι παραδόξῳ κεκώλυκε τὸ συνέδριον· τὰ γὰρ πλεῖστα τῆς πόλεως ὁ σεισμὸς ἐκεῖνος κατήνεγκε καὶ τῶν οἰκητόρων τοὺς πλείστους διέφθειρε. Τοῦτο μεμαθηκότες οἱ συνελθόντες καὶ κομιδῇ δείσαντες, εἰς τὰς οἰκείας ἐκκλησίας ἀνέστρεψαν. Τῆς δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας ἡγοῦμαι τοῦτο μηχάνημα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ πόλει παρὰ τῶν ἁγίων πατέρων ἡ τῆς ἀποστολικῆς πίστεως ἐγράφη διδασκαλία, ἐναντία δὲ γράφειν ἐν αὐτῇ ἔμελλον οἱ ὕστερον ἀθροιζόμενοι, ἀφορμὴ δὲ τοῖς Ἀρείου θιασώταις ἐξαπάτης ἡ τῆς ἐπωνυμίας ταυτότης ἐγίνετο καὶ βουκολεῖν ἔμελλον τοὺς ἁπλοῖς ἤθεσι κεχρημένους, ἀπὸ Νικαίας καὶ ταύτην προσαγορεύοντες καὶ ὡς τὴν παλαιὰν ἐκείνην προφέροντες, διέλυσεν ὁ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν προμηθούμενος τὸ συνέδριον.

Χρόνου δὲ διελθόντος, ὑπὸ τῶν Εὐδοξίου κατηγόρων ὑπομνησθεὶς ὁ Κωνστάντιος εἰς Σελεύκειαν τὴν σύνοδον γενέσθαι προσέταξε· πόλις δὲ αὕτη τῆς Ἰσαυρίας πρὸς τῇ θαλάττῃ κειμένη καὶ τῶν ὁμοφύλων πόλεων ἡγουμένη. Εἰς ταύτην ἀθροισθῆναι τοὺς τῆς Ἑῴας ἐπισκόπους καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ τοὺς τῆς Ποντικῆς καὶ τοὺς τῆς Ἀσιανῆς παρηγγύησε. Κατὰ τοῦτον δὲ τὸν καιρὸν Καισαρείας μὲν τῆς Παλαιστίνων μητροπόλεως Ἀκάκιος ἡγεῖτο, διαδεξάμενος τὸν Εὐσέβιον. Τοῦτον δὲ τὸν Ἀκάκιον ἡ ἐν τῇ Σαρδικῇ συναθροισθεῖσα σύνοδος ἀπεκήρυξεν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐξενεχθεῖσαν οὐκ ἐδέξατο ψῆφον, τοσούτου πλήθους ἀρχιερέων καταφρονήσας. Τῶν δέ γε Ἱεροσολύμων μετὰ Μακάριον ἐκεῖνον, οὗ πολλάκις ἐμνήσθην, Μάξιμος τὴν προεδρίαν παρέλαβεν, ἀνὴρ ἐν τοῖς ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας διαπρέψας ἀγῶσι· τόν τε γὰρ δεξιὸν ὀφθαλμὸν ἀφῄρητο καὶ τῆς ἀγκύλης ἐστέρητο τῆς δεξιᾶς. Τούτου δὲ εἰς τὸν ἀγήρω μεταστάντος βίον, Κύριλλος τῆς ἐπισκοπικῆς χάριτος ἠξιώθη, τῶν ἀποστολικῶν δογμάτων προθύμως ὑπερμαχῶν. Οὗτοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ πρωτείων φιλονεικοῦντες μεγίστων κακῶν τοῖς κοινοῖς ἐγένοντο πρόξενοι. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ Ἀκάκιος μικράς τινας εὑρὼν ἀφορμὰς καθεῖλε τὸν Κύριλλον καὶ τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων ἐξήλασεν. Ὁ δὲ Κύριλλος τὴν μὲν Ἀντιόχειαν παρελήλυθε ποιμένος αὐτὴν ἐστερημένην εὑρών, εἰς δὲ Ταρσὸν ἀφικόμενος τῷ θαυμασίῳ συνῆν Σιλβανῷ· οὗτος γὰρ κατ´ ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον ἐκείνης ἡγεῖτο τῆς ἐκκλησίας. Τοῦτο μαθὼν ὁ Ἀκάκιος ἐπέστειλε τῷ Σιλβανῷ καὶ τὴν καθαίρεσιν τοῦ Κυρίλλου μεμήνυκεν. Ὁ δέ, καὶ τὸν Κύριλλον αἰδούμενος καὶ τὸ πλῆθος ὑφορώμενος (ἥδιστα γὰρ τῆς τοῦ Κυρίλλου διδασκαλίας ἀπήλαυε), τῆς ἐκκλησιαστικῆς οὐκ ἐκώλυσε λειτουργίας. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ συνῆλθον εἰς τὴν Σελεύκειαν, ἐκοινώνει μὲν τοῖς ἀμφὶ τὸν Βασίλειον καὶ Εὐστάθιον καὶ Σιλβανὸν καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς ὁ Κύριλλος τοῦ συνεδρίου. Ὁ δέ γε Ἀκάκιος ἀφίκετο μὲν καὶ αὐτὸς πρὸς τοὺς συνεληλυθότας ἐπισκόπους (πεντήκοντα δὲ ἦσαν καὶ ἑκατόν), ἔφασκε δὲ μὴ πρότερον αὐτοῖς κοινωνήσειν τῶν βουλευμάτων πρὶν ἔξω γενέσθαι τοῦ συλλόγου τὸν Κύριλλον, ἅτε δὴ τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης γεγυμνωμένον. Καί τινες μὲν τῶν τῆς εἰρήνης προμηθουμένων ὑποχωρῆσαι τὸν Κύριλλον ἱκέτευον, ὑπισχνούμενοι μετὰ τὴν τῶν δογμάτων διάκρισιν καὶ τὴν κατ´ αὐτὸν ἐξετάσειν ὑπόθεσιν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐκ εἶξε, καταλιπὼν μὲν αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἀκάκιος ἐξελήλυθεν, Εὐδοξίῳ δὲ συγγενόμενος τὸ μὲν ἐγκείμενον ἐξήλασε δέος, θάρσος δὲ ἐνέθηκε συνήγορος αὐτοῦ καὶ συναγωνιστὴς ὑποσχόμενος ἔσεσθαι.

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The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)

Chapter XXVIII. About Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata.

The admirable Eusebius mentioned above, who was entrusted with the common resolution, when he beheld the violation of the covenant, returned to his own see. Then certain men who were uneasy about the written document, persuaded Constantius to dispatch a messenger to recover it. Accordingly the emperor sent one of the officers who ride post with relays of horses, and bring communications with great speed. On his arrival he reported the imperial message, but, “I cannot,” said the admirable Eusebius, “surrender the deed deposited with me till I am directed so to do by the whole assembly who gave it me.” This reply was reported to the emperor. Boiling with rage he sent to Eusebius again and ordered him to give it up, with the further message that he had ordered his right hand to be cut off if he refused. But he only wrote this to terrify the bishop, for the courier who conveyed the dispatch had orders not to carry out the threat. But when the divine Eusebius opened the letter and saw the punishment which the emperor had threatened, he stretched out his right hand and his left, bidding the man cut off both. “The decree,” said he, “which is a clear proof of Arian wickedness, I will not give up.”

When Constantius had been informed of this courageous resolution he was struck with astonishment, and did not cease to admire it; for even foes are constrained by the greatness of bold deeds to admire their adversaries success.

At this time Constantius learned that Julian, whom he had declared Cæsar of Europe, was aiming at sovereignty, and mustering an army against his master. Therefore he set out from Syria, and died in Cilicia. ¹ Nor had he the helper whom his P. 94 Father had left him; for he had not kept intact the inheritance of his Father’s piety, and so bitterly bewailed his change of faith.