Übersetzung
ausblenden
The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)
Chapter XXV. An account of the plot formed against the Holy Athanasius.
Alexander , that admirable bishop, who had successfully withstood the blasphemies of Arius, died five months after the council of Nicæa, P. 61 and was succeeded in the episcopate of the church of Alexandria by Athanasius. Trained from his youth in sacred studies, Athanasius had attracted general admiration in each ecclesiastical office that he filled. He had, at the general council, so defended the doctrines of the apostles, that while he won the approbation of all the champions of the truth, its opponents learned to look on their antagonist as a personal foe and public enemy. He had attended the council as one of the retinue of Alexander, then a very young man, although he was the principal deacon 1.
When those who had denied the only-begotten Son of God heard that the helm of the Church of Alexandria had been entrusted to his hands knowing as they did by experience his zeal for the truth, they thought that his rule would prove the destruction of their authority. They, therefore, resorted to the following machinations against him. In order to avert suspicion, they bribed some of the adherents of Meletius, who, although deposed by the council of Nicæa, had persevered in exciting commotions in the Thebaid and in the adjacent part of Egypt, and persuaded them to go to the emperor, and to accuse Athanasius of levying a tax upon Egypt 2, and giving the gold collected to a certain man who was preparing to usurp the imperial power 3. The emperor being deceived by this story, Athanasius was brought to Constantinople. Upon his arrival he proved that the accusation was false, and had the charge given him by God restored to him. This is shown by a letter from the emperor to the Church of Alexandria of which I shall transcribe only the concluding paragraph.
A Portion of the Letter from the Emperor Constantine to the Alexandrians.
“ Believe me, my brethren, the wicked men were unable to effect anything against your bishop. They surely could have had no other design than to waste our time, and to leave themselves no place for repentance in this life. Do you, therefore, help yourselves, and love that which wins your love 4; and exert all your power in the expulsion of those who wish to destroy your concord. Look unto God, and love one another. I joyfully welcomed Athanasius your bishop; and I have conversed with him as with one whom I know to be a man of God.”
-
“ τοῦ χοροῦ τῶν διακόνων ἡγούμενος .” The youth of Athanasius indicates a variety in the qualifications for the archidiaconate, for he can hardly have been the senior deacon. Cf. Dict. Christian Ant., Art. ‘Archdeacon.’ ↩
-
In order to provide στιχάρια or variegated vestments. Ath. Apol. cont. Ar. V. §60. The possibility of such charges indicates the importance of the Patriarchate. ↩
-
Philumenus. Ath. Ap. cont. Ar. V. §60. ↩
-
τὸ φίλτρον τὸ ὑμέτερον. Athanasius (Apol. cont. Ar. V. §62) quotes the phrase as ἡμέτερον , “our love.” ↩
Edition
ausblenden
ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΥΡΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ
κεʹ.
Ἐπιστολὴ τοῦ βασιλέως Κωνσταντίνου πρὸς Σαβώρην τὸν βασιλέα Περσῶν.
« Βασιλέως Κωνσταντίνου ἐπιστολὴ πρὸς Σαβώρην τὸν Περσῶν βασιλέα περὶ τῆς τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ προνοίας.
Τὴν θείαν πίστιν φυλάσσων τοῦ τῆς ἀληθείας φωτὸς μεταλαγχάνω· τῷ τῆς ἀληθείας φωτὶ ὁδηγούμενος τὴν θείαν πίστιν ἐπιγινώσκω. Τοιγάρτοι τούτοις, ὡς τὰ πράγματα βεβαιοῖ, τὴν ἁγιωτάτην θρησκείαν γνωρίζω διδάσκαλον τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ ἁγιωτάτου θεοῦ· ταύτην τὴν λατρείαν ἔχετα ὅσα ὑπὸ τοσούτοις τυράννοις δεδουλωμένα ταῖς καθημεριναῖς συμφοραῖς ἐνδόντα ἐξίτηλα ἐγεγόνει, ταῦτα προσλαβόντα τὴν τῶν κοινῶν ἐκδικίαν, ὥσπερ ἔκ τινος θεραπείας, ἀναζωπυρηθῆναι. Τοῦτον τὸν θεὸν πρεσβεύω· οὗ τὸ σημεῖον ὁ τῷ θεῷ ἀνακείμενός μου στρατὸς ὑπὲρ τῶν ὤμων φέρει, καὶ ἐφ´ ἅπερ ἂν ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λόγος παρακαλῇ κατευθύνεται· ἐξ αὐτῶν δὲ ἐκείνων περιφανέσι τροπαίοις αὐτίκα τὴν χάριν ἀντιλαμβάνω. Τοῦτον τὸν θεὸν ἀθανάτῳ μνήμῃ τιμᾶν ὁμολογῶ, τοῦτον ἀκραιφνεῖ καὶ καθαρᾷ διανοίᾳ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτάτω τυγχάνειν ὑπεραυγάζομαι. Τοῦτον ἐπικαλοῦμαι γόνυ κλίνας, φεύγων μὲν πᾶν αἷμα βδελυκτὸν καὶ ὀσμὰς ἀηδεῖς καὶ ἀποτροπαίους, πᾶσαν δὲ γεώδη λαμπηδόνα ἐκκλίνων, οἷς πᾶσιν ἡ ἀθέμιτος καὶ ἄρρητος πλάνη χραινομένη πολλοὺς τῶν ἐθνῶν καὶ ὅλα γένη κατέρριψε τοῖς κατωτάτω μέρεσι παραδοῦσα. ἃ γὰρ ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεὸς προνοίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων διὰ φιλανθρωπίαν οἰκείαν χρείας ἕνεκα εἰς τοὐμφανὲς παρήγαγε, ταῦτα πρὸς τὴν ἑκάστου ἐπιθυμίαν ἕλκεσθαι οὐδαμῶς ἀνέχεται, καθαρὰν δὲ μόνην διάνοιαν καὶ ψυχὴν ἀκηλίδωτον παρὰ ἀνθρώπων ἀπαιτεῖ, τὰς τῆς ἀρετῆς καὶ εὐσεβείας πράξεις ἐν τούτοις σταθμώμενος. Ἐπιεικείας γὰρ καὶ ἡμερότητος ἔργοις ἀρέσκεται, πράους φιλῶν, μισῶν τοὺς ταραχώδεις, ἀγαπῶν τὴν πίστιν, ἀπιστίαν κολάζων, πᾶσαν μετ´ ἀλαζονείας δυναστείαν καταρρηγνύς, ὕβριν ὑπερηφάνων τιμωρεῖται, τοὺς ὑπὸ τύφου ἐπαιρομένους ἐκ βάθρων ἀναιρεῖ, ταπεινόφροσι καὶ ἀνεξικάκοις τὰ πρὸς ἀξίαν νέμων. Οὕτω καὶ βασιλείαν δικαίαν περὶ πολλοῦ ποιούμενος ταῖς παρ´ ἑαυτοῦ ἐπικουρίαις κρατύνει, σύνεσίν τε βασιλικὴν τῷ γαληναίῳ τῆς εἰρήνης διαφυλάττει. Οὔ μοι δοκῶ πλανᾶσθαι, ἀδελφέ μου, τοῦτον εἶναι θεὸν ὁμολογῶν πάντων ἀρχηγὸν καὶ πατέρα, ὃν πολλοὶ τῶν τῇδε βασιλευσάντων μανιώδεσι πλάναις ὑπαχθέντες ἐπεχείρησαν ἀρνήσασθαι. Ἀλλ´ ἐκείνους ἅπαντας τοιοῦτον τιμωρὸν τέλος κατανάλωσεν, ὡς πᾶν τὸ μετ´ ἐκείνους ἀνθρώπων γένος τὰς ἐκείνων συμφορὰς ἀντ´ ἄλλου παραδείγματος ἐπαράτους τοῖς τὰ ὅμοια ζηλοῦσι τίθεσθαι. Τούτων ἐκεῖνον ἕνα ἡγοῦμαι γεγονέναι, ὃν καθάπερ τις σκηπτὸς ἡ θεία μῆνις τῶν τῇδε ἀπελάσασα τοῖς ὑμετέροις μέρεσι παραδέδωκε, τῆς ἐπ´ αὐτῷ αἰσχύνης πολυθρύλητον τὸ παρ´ ὑμῖν τρόπαιον ἀποφήναντα. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἔοικεν εἰς καλὸν προκεχωρηκέναι τὸ καὶ ἐν τῷ καθ´ ἡμᾶς αἰῶνι τὴν τῶν τοιούτων τιμωρίαν περιφανῆ δειχθῆναι. Ἐπεῖδον γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐκείνων τὰ τέλη τῶν ἔναγχος ἀθεμίτοις προστάγμασι τὸν τῷ θεῷ ἀνακείμενον λαὸν ἐκταραξάντων. Διὸ δὴ καὶ πολλὴ χάρις τῷ θεῷ, ὅτι τελείᾳ προνοίᾳ πᾶν τὸ ἀνθρώπινον τὸ θεραπεῦον τὸν θεῖον νόμον, ἀποδοθείσης αὐτῷ τῆς εἰρήνης, ἀγάλλεται καὶ γαυριᾷ. Ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς πέπεισμαι ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστα καὶ ἀσφαλέστατα ἔχει ἅπαντα, ὁπότε διὰ τῆς ἐκείνων καθαρᾶς τε καὶ δοκίμου θρησκείας ἐκ τῆς περὶ τὸ θεῖον συμφωνίας πάντας εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγείρειν ἀξιοῖ. Τούτου τοῦ καταλόγου τῶν ἀνθρώπων, λέγω δὴ τῶν χριστιανῶν (ὑπὲρ γὰρ τούτων ὁ πᾶς μοι λόγος), πῶς οἴει με ἥδεσθαι ἀκούοντα, ὅταν καὶ τῆς Περσίδος τὰ κράτιστα ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ὥσπερ ἔστι μοι βουλομένῳ κοσμῆται. Σοί τε οὖν ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστα ἐκείνοις τε ὡσαύτως ὑπάρχοι τὰ κάλλιστα, ὅ τι σοὶ κἀκείνοις. Οὕτω γὰρ ἕξεις τὸν τῶν ὅλων δεσπότην πρᾶον, ἵλεω καὶ εὐμενῆ. Τούτους τοιγαροῦν, ἐπειδὴ τοσοῦτος εἶ, σοὶ παρατίθεμαι, τοὺς αὐτοὺς τούτους, ὅτι καὶ εὐσεβείᾳ ἐπίσημος εἶ, ἐγχειρίζων. Τούτους ἀγάπα ἁρμοδίως τῆς αὐτοῦ φιλανθρωπίας. Σαυτῷ τε γὰρ καὶ ἡμῖν ἀπερίγραπτον δώσεις διὰ τῆς πίστεως τὴν χάριν.»
Τοσαύτην ὁ πάντα ἄριστος βασιλεὺς τῶν εὐσεβείᾳ κοσμουμένων ἐποιεῖτο φροντίδα, οὐ μόνον τῶν ὑπηκόων ἐπιμελούμενος ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ὑφ´ ἕτερα σκῆπτρα τελούντων εἰς δύναμιν προμηθούμενος. Διά τοι τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς τῆς θείας κηδεμονίας ἀπήλαυε καὶ τῆς τε Εὐρώπης ἁπάσης καὶ τῆς Λιβύης, πρὸς δὲ ταύταις καὶ τοῦ πλείστου τῆς Ἀσίας κατέχων τὰς ἡνίας, εὔνους εἶχε τοὺς ἀρχομένους καὶ τῷ χαλινῷ μεθ´ ἡδονῆς πειθομένους. Καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ μὲν ἑκόντες ἐδούλευον, οἱ δὲ πολέμῳ κρατούμενοι· καὶ πανταχοῦ τρόπαια ἵστατο καὶ νικηφόρος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀνεδείκνυτο. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν καὶ ἕτεροι διὰ πλειόνων εὐφήμησαν· ἡμεῖς δὲ τῆς προκειμένης ἱστορίας ἐχώμεθα.
Ὁ μὲν οὖν πανεύφημος βασιλεὺς τὰς ἀποστολικὰς φροντίδας ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ περιέφερεν, οἱ δὲ τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἠξιωμένοι οὐ μόνον οἰκοδομεῖν οὐκ ἐβούλοντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὰ τὰ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀνορύττειν ἐπεχείρουν θεμέλια. Τοὺς γὰρ δὴ τούτων μετὰ τῶν ἀποστολικῶν ἡγουμένους δογμάτων, παντοδαπὰς συκοφαντίας ὑφαίνοντες, καθαιροῦντες ἐξήλαυνον. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἔλαβον κόρον τοῦ φθόνου τὸ πολυθρύλητον ἐκεῖνο κατὰ Εὐσταθίου τοῦ μεγάλου δρᾶμα συντεθεικότες; ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλον πύργον μέγιστον τῆς εὐσεβείας ὑπορύττειν ἐπεχείρουν καὶ τὰς παντοδαπὰς προσέφερον μηχανάς. Ἐν συντόμῳ δὲ καὶ τήνδε τὴν τραγῳδίαν ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα διηγήσομαι.