• Home
  • Works
  • Introduction Guide Collaboration Sponsors / Collaborators Copyrights Contact Imprint
Bibliothek der Kirchenväter
Search
DE EN FR
Works Augustine of Hippo (354-430) Confessiones

Translation Hide
Les confessions de Saint Augustin

CHAPITRE XVI. CONTRE LES FABLES IMPUDIQUES.

25. Mais, malheur à toi, torrent de la coutume! Qui te résistera? Ne seras-tu jamais à sec? Jusques à quand rouleras-tu les fils d’Eve dans cette profonde et terrible mer, que traversent à grand’peine les passagers de la croix? Ne m’as-tu pas montré Jupiter tout à la fois tonnant et adultère? Il ne pouvait être l’un et l’autre; mais on voulait autoriser l’imitation d’un véritable adultère par la fiction d’un tonnerre menteur. Est-il un seul de ces maîtres fièrement drapés dont l’oreille soit assez à jeun pour entendre ce cri de vérité qui part d’un homme sorti de la poussière de leurs écoles : « Inventions d’Homère! Il humanise « les dieux! Il eût mieux fait de diviniser les « hommes ( Cicér. Tuscul. 1)! » Mais la vérité, c’est que le poète, dans ses fictions, assimilait aux dieux les hommes criminels, afin que le crime cessât de passer pour crime, et qu’en le commettant, on parût imiter non plus les hommes de perdition, mais les dieux du ciel.

26. Et néanmoins, ô torrent d’enfer! en toi se plongent les enfants des hommes; ils rétribuent de telles leçons; ils les honorent de la publicité du forum; elles sont professées à la face des lois qui, aux récompenses privées, ajoutent le salaire public; et tu roules tes cailloux avec fracas, en criant: Ici l’on apprend la langue; ici l’on acquiert l’éloquence nécessaire à développer et à persuader sa pensée. N’aurions-nous donc jamais su « pluie d’or, « sein de femme, déception, voûtes célestes » et semblables mots du même passage, si Térence n’eût amené sur la scène un jeune débauché se proposant Jupiter pour modèle d’impudicité, (370) charmé de voir en peinture, sur une muraille, « comment le dieu verse une pluie d’or dans le sein de Danaé et trompe cette femme.» Voyez donc comme il s’anime à la débauche sur ce divin exemple. « Eh! quel Dieu encore! s’écrie-t-il; Celui qui fait trembler de son tonnerre la voûte profonde des cieux. Pygmée que je suis, j’aurais honte de l’imiter! Non, non! je l’ai imité et de grand coeur (Térenc. Eunuc. Act. 3, scèn.5). »

Ces impuretés ne nous aident en rien à retenir telles paroles, mais ces paroles enhardissent l’impureté. Je n’accuse pas les paroles, vases précieux et choisis, mais le vin de l’erreur que nous y versaient des maîtres ivres. Si nous ne buvions, on nous frappait, et il ne nous était pas permis d’en appeler à un juge sobre. Et cependant, mon Dieu, devant qui mon âme évoque désormais ces souvenirs sans alarme, j’apprenais cela volontiers, je m’y plaisais, malheureux! aussi étais-je appelé un enfant de grande espérance !

Translation Hide
The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books

Chapter XVI.--He Disapproves of the Mode of Educating Youth, and He Points Out Why Wickedness is Attributed to the Gods by the Poets.

25. But woe unto thee, thou stream of human custom! Who shall stay thy course? How long shall it be before thou art dried up? How long wilt thou carry down the sons of Eve into that huge and formidable ocean, which even they who are embarked on the cross (lignum) can scarce pass over? 1 Do I not read in thee of Jove the thunderer and adulterer? And the two verily he could not be; but it was that, while the fictitious thunder served as a cloak, he might have warrant to imitate real adultery. Yet which of our gowned masters can lend a temperate ear to a man of his school who cries out and says: "These were Homer's fictions; he transfers things human to the gods. I could have wished him to transfer divine things to us." 2 But it would have been more true had he said: "These are, indeed, his fictions, but he attributed divine attributes to sinful men, that crimes might not be accounted crimes, and that whosoever committed any might appear to imitate the celestial gods and not abandoned men."

26. And yet, thou stream of hell, into thee are cast the sons of men, with rewards for learning these things; and much is made of it when this is going on in the forum in the sight of laws which grant a salary over and above the rewards. And thou beatest against thy rocks and roarest, saying, "Hence words are learnt; hence eloquence is to be attained, most necessary to persuade people to your way of thinking, and to unfold your opinions." So, in truth, we should never have understood these words, "golden shower," "bosom," "intrigue," "highest heavens," and other words written in the same place, unless Terence had introduced a good-for-nothing youth upon the stage, setting up Jove as his example of lewdness:--

"Viewing a picture, where the tale was drawn,

Of Jove's descending in a golden shower

To Danaë's bosom . . . with a woman to intrigue."

And see how he excites himself to lust, as if by celestial authority, when he says:--

"Great Jove,

Who shakes the highest heavens with his thunder,

And I, poor mortal man, not do the same!

I did it, and with all my heart I did it." 3

Not one whit more easily are the words learnt for this vileness, but by their means is the vileness perpetrated with more confidence. I do not blame the words, they being, as it were, choice and precious vessels, but the wine of error which was drunk in them to us by inebriated teachers; and unless we drank, we were beaten, without liberty of appeal to any sober judge. And yet, O my God,--in whose presence I can now with security recall this,--did I, unhappy one, learn these things willingly, and with delight, and for this was I called a boy of good promise. 4


  1. So in Tract. II. on John, he has: "The sea has to be crossed, and dost thou despise the wood?" explaining it to mean the cross of Christ. And again: "Thou art not at all able to walk in the sea, be carried by a ship--be carried by the wood--believe on the Crucified," etc. ↩

  2. Cic. Tusc. i. 26. ↩

  3. Terence, Eunuch. Act 3, scene 6 (Colman). ↩

  4. Until very recently, the Eunuchus was recited at "the play" of at least one of our public schools. See De Civ. Dei, ii. secs. 7, 8, where Augustin again alludes to this matter. ↩

  Print   Report an error
  • Show the text
  • Bibliographic Reference
  • Scans for this version
Editions of this Work
Confessiones (CSEL) Compare
Confessiones (PL) Compare
Translations of this Work
Bekenntnisse Compare
Les confessions de Saint Augustin
The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books
Commentaries for this Work
Einleitung in die Confessiones
Prolegomena
The Opinion of St. Augustin Concerning His Confessions, as Embodied in His Retractations, II. 6
Translator's Preface - Confessions

Contents

Faculty of Theology, Patristics and History of the Early Church
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

© 2025 Gregor Emmenegger
Imprint
Privacy policy