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Les confessions de Saint Augustin
CHAPITRE V. FOLIE DE MANÈS.
8. Eh! qui demandait à un Manès d’écrire sur des sujets entièrement étrangers à la science de la piété? Vous avez dit à l’homme : « Voici la science, c’est la piété (Job, XXVIII, 28 selon les Sept.) » science qu’il eût pu ignorer en possédant la science humaine; et celle-là même lui manquait, et il avait l’impudence d’enseigner ce qu’il ignorait; pouvait-il donc être initié à la science des saints? C’est vanité que de professer les connaissances que l’on possède dans l’ordre naturel, c’est piété que de confesser votre nom. Aussi a-t-il été permis à cet homme de multiplier ses divagations scientifiques, afin que son ignorance, évidente aux yeux des vrais savants, fit apprécier la valeur de ses opinions sur les choses cachées. Il ne voulait pas qu’on fit médiocre état de lui, cherchant même à faire croire que le Consolateur, l’Esprit-Saint, qui prodigue à vos fidèles sa céleste opulence, résidait personnellement en lui, dans toute la plénitude de son autorité. Aussi, toutes fois qu’on le surprend en flagrante erreur au sujet du ciel, des étoiles, des mouvements du soleil et de la lune, quoique la doctrine de la religion n’y soit nullement intéressée, son outrecuidance n’en paraît pas moins sacrilège; car il ne débite pas seulement l’ignorance, mais le mensonge, avec un tel délire d’orgueil, qu’il voudrait autoriser ces discours par la prétendue divinité de sa personne.
9. Qu’un de mes frères en Jésus-Christ soit, à l’égard de ces connaissances, dans l’ignorance ou l’erreur, je prends ses opinions en patience. Rien n’y fait obstacle à son avancement; son ignorance de la situation et de l’état d’une créature corporelle ne lui donne aucun sentiment indigne de vous, Seigneur, créateur de toutes choses. Mais elle lui devient funeste, s’il l’identifie avec les doctrines essentielles de la piété, et s’il s’obstine à affirmer ce qu’il ignore. Cette faible enfance au berceau de la foi, trouve dans la charité une mère qui la soutient, jusqu’à ce que le nouvel homme s’élève à cette perfection virile, qui cesse de flotter à tout vent de doctrine ( Eph. IV, 13, 14). Et ce docteur, ce guide, ce maître, ce souverain, assez hardi pour persuader à ses disciples que ce n’était pas un homme, mais votre Esprit-Saint qu’ils suivaient en lui, qui ne le tiendrait pour un insensé, dont la folie, convaincue d’imposture, ne mérite que haine et mépris?
Cependant je n’étais pas encore assuré que l’on ne pût expliquer selon sa doctrine les vicissitudes de la durée des jours et des nuits, l’alternative elle-même de la nuit et du jour, les défaillances des astres, et les autres phénomènes que mes lectures m’avaient présentés, en sorte que, dans les points, douteux et de complète incertitude, ma foi en sa sainteté inclinait ma créance à son autorité.
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The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books
Chapter V.--Of Manichaeus Pertinaciously Teaching False Doctrines, and Proudly Arrogating to Himself the Holy Spirit.
8. But yet who was it that ordered Manichaeus to write on these things likewise, skill in which was not necessary to piety? For Thou hast told man to behold piety and wisdom, 1 of which he might be in ignorance although having a complete knowledge of these other things; but since, knowing not these things, he yet most impudently dared to teach them, it is clear that he had no acquaintance with piety. For even when we have a knowledge of these worldly matters, it is folly to make a profession of them; but confession to Thee is piety. It was therefore with this view that this straying one spake much of these matters, that, standing convicted by those who had in truth learned them, the understanding that he really had in those more difficult things might be made plain. For he wished not to be lightly esteemed, but went about trying to persuade men "that the Holy Ghost, the Comforter and Enricher of Thy faithful ones, was with full authority personally resident in him." 2 When, therefore, it was discovered that his teaching concerning the heavens and stars, and the motions of sun and moon, was false, though these things do not relate to the doctrine of religion, yet his sacrilegious arrogance would become sufficiently evident, seeing that not only did he affirm things of which he knew nothing, but also perverted them, and with such egregious vanity of pride as to seek to attribute them to himself as to a divine being.
9. For when I hear a Christian brother ignorant of these things, or in error concerning them, I can bear with patience to see that man hold to his opinions; nor can I apprehend that any want of knowledge as to the situation or nature of this material creation can be injurious to him, so long as he does not entertain belief in anything unworthy of Thee, O Lord, the Creator of all. But if he conceives it to pertain to the form of the doctrine of piety, and presumes to affirm with great obstinacy that whereof he is ignorant, therein lies the injury. And yet even a weakness such as this in the dawn of faith is borne by our Mother Charity, till the new man may grow up "unto a perfect man," and not be "carried about with every wind of doctrine." 3 But in him who thus presumed to be at once the teacher, author, head, and leader of all whom he could induce to believe this, so that all who followed him believed that they were following not a simple man only, but Thy Holy Spirit, who would not judge that such great insanity, when once it stood convicted of false teaching, should be abhorred and utterly cast off? But I had not yet clearly ascertained whether the changes of longer and shorter days and nights, and day and night itself, with the eclipses of the greater lights, and whatever of the like kind I had read in other books, could be expounded consistently with his words. Should I have found myself able to do so, there would still have remained a doubt in my mind whether it were so or no, although I might, on the strength of his reputed godliness, 4 rest my faith on his authority.
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Job xxviii. 28 in LXX. reads: Idou he theosebea esti sophia. ↩
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This claim of Manichaeus was supported by referring to the Lord's promise (John xvi. 12, 13) to send the Holy Ghost, the Comforter, to guide the apostles into that truth which they were as yet "not able to bear." The Manichaeans used the words "Paraclete" and "Comforter," as indeed the names of the other two persons of the blessed Trinity, in a sense entirely different from that of the gospel. These terms were little more than the bodily frame, the soul of which was his own heretical belief. Whenever opposition appeared between that belief and the teaching of Scripture, their ready answer was that the Scriptures had been corrupted (De Mor. Ecc. Cath. xxviii. and xxix.); and in such a case, as we find Faustus contending (Con. Faust. xxxii. 6), the Paraclete taught them what part to receive and what to reject, according to the promise of Jesus that He should "guide them into all truth," and much more to the same effect. Augustin's whole argument in reply is well worthy of attention. Amongst other things, he points out that the Manichaean pretension to having received the promised Paraclete was precisely the same as that of the Montanists in the previous century. It should be observed that Beausobre (Histoire, i. 254, 264, etc.) vigorously rebuts the charge brought against Manichaeus of claiming to be the Holy Ghost. An interesting examination of the claims of Montanus will be found in Kaye's Tertullian, pp. 13 to 33. ↩
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Eph. iv. 13, 14. ↩
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See vi. sec. 12, note, below. ↩