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The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books
Chapter XX.--Concerning Reptiles and Flying Creatures (Ver. 20),--The Sacrament of Baptism Being Regarded.
26. Let the sea also conceive and bring forth your works, and let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life. 1 For ye, who "take forth the precious from the vile," 2 have been made the mouth of God, through which He saith, "Let the waters bring forth," not the living creature which the earth bringeth forth, but the moving creature having life, and the fowls that fly above the earth. For Thy sacraments, O God, by the ministry of Thy holy ones, have made their way amid the billows of the temptations of the world, to instruct the Gentiles in Thy Name, in Thy Baptism. And amongst these things, many great works of wonder have been wrought, like as great whales; and the voices of Thy messengers flying above the earth, near to the firmament of Thy Book; that being set over them as an authority, under which they were to fly whithersoever they were to go. For "there is no speech, nor language, where their voice is not heard;" seeing their sound 3 "hath gone through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world," because Thou, O Lord, hast multiplied these things by blessing. 4
27. Whether do I lie, or do I mingle and confound, and not distinguish between the clear knowledge of these things that are in the firmament of heaven, and the corporeal works in the undulating sea and under the firmament of heaven? For of those things whereof the knowledge is solid and defined, without increase by generation, as it were lights of wisdom and knowledge, yet of these self-same things the material operations are many and varied; and one thing in growing from another is multiplied by Thy blessing, O God, who hast refreshed the fastidiousness of mortal senses; so that in the knowledge of our mind, one thing may, through the motions of the body, be in many ways 5 set out and expressed. These sacraments have the waters brought forth; 6 but in Thy Word. The wants of the people estranged from the eternity of Thy truth have produced them, but in Thy Gospel; because the waters themselves have cast them forth, the bitter weakness of which was the cause of these things being sent forth in Thy Word.
28. Now all things are fair that Thou hast made, but behold, Thou art inexpressibly fairer who hast made all things; from whom had not Adam fallen, the saltness of the sea would never have flowed from him,--the human race so profoundly curious, and boisterously swelling, and restlessly moving; and thus there would be no need that Thy dispensers should work in many waters, 7 in a corporeal and sensible manner, mysterious doings and sayings. For so these creeping and flying creatures now present themselves to my mind, whereby men, instructed, initiated, and subjected by corporeal sacraments, should not further profit, unless their soul had a higher spiritual life, and unless, after the word of admission, it looked forwards to perfection. 8
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Gen. i. 20. ↩
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Jer. xv. 19. ↩
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Ps. xix. 3, 4. The word "sound" in this verse (as given in the LXX. and Vulg.), is in the Hebrew qvm, which is rightly rendered in the Authorized Version a "line" or "rule." It may be noted, in connection with Augustin's interpretation, that the word "firmament" in the first verse of this psalm is the rqy of Gen. i. 7; translated in both places by the LXX. stereoma. The "heavens" and the "firmament" are constantly interpreted by the Fathers as referring to the apostles and their firmness in teaching the word: and this is supported by reference to St. Paul's quotation of the text in Rom. x. 18: "But I say, Have they not heard? Yes, verily, their sound went into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world." ↩
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Gen. i. 4. ↩
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See end of note 17, p. 197, above. ↩
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"He alludes to Baptism in water, accompanied with the word of the gospel; of the institution whereof man's misery was the occasion."--W. W. ↩
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See sec. 20, note, above. ↩
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"He means that Baptism, which is the sacrament of initiation, was not so profitable without the Lord's Supper, which ancients called the sacrament of perfection or consummation."--W. W. Compare also sec. 24, note, and p. 140, note 3, above. ↩
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Les confessions de Saint Augustin
CHAPITRE XX. SENS MYSTIQUE DE CES PAROLES : « QUE LES EAUX PRODUISENT LES REPTILES ET LES OISEAUX ( Gen. I, 20). »
26. Que la mer conçoive aussi, qu’elle enfante vos oeuvres, et que les eaux produisent les reptiles des âmes vivantes! Car en séparant le pur de l’impur, vous êtes devenus la bouche de Dieu ( Jérém. XV, 19), et c’est par vous qu’il dit : « Produisent les eaux, » non pas des âmes vivantes, productions de la terre; « mais des reptiles d’âmes vivantes, et les oiseaux qui volent au-dessus de la terre ! » Ces reptiles, mon Dieu, sont vos sacrements qui, par les oeuvres des saints, se sont glissés à travers les flots des tentations du siècle, pour régénérer les peuples dans le baptême en votre nom.
Et ainsi se sont produites de grandes merveilles, « semblables aux baleines monstrueuses, » et les voix de vos messagers ont plané sur la terre et sous le ciel de votre Ecriture, autorité protectrice, qui s’étend partout où leur vol se dirige. «Et ce ne sont pas de sourds et vains accents que leurs paroles; toute la terre en a été l’écho; elles ont atteint les extrémités du monde ( Ps. XVIII, 4, 5) » car votre bénédiction, Seigneur, les a multipliées.
27. Mais n’est-ce pas erreur? et ne confondrais-je pas les connaissances claires qui résident au firmament, et les oeuvres corporelles qui s’opèrent sous ce firmament au sein orageux de la mer? Non; car ces mêmes connaissances, qui demeurent dans la fixité de leur certitude, et sans s’accroître par génération, comme les lumières de la sagesse et de la science, exercent cependant dans l’ordre réel une action différente et multiple, dont votre bénédiction féconde encore et multiplie les effets. O Dieu, vous nous consolez de l’infirmité de nos sens mortels, en permettant qu’une vérité, notion simple dans l’esprit, emprunte aux signes corporels, plus d’une figure, plus d’une expression.
Voilà les productions des eaux, mais grâce à votre parole; productions nées de la misère des peuples devenus étrangers à votre vérité éternelle; productions que les eaux ont fait jaillir de leur sein, comme un remède dont votre Verbe adoucissait leur languissante amertume.
28. Et toutes vos oeuvres sont belles, car elles sortent de votre main; mais que vous êtes incomparablement plus beau, divin auteur, du monde! Oh! si Adam ne se fût point détaché de vous, ses flancs n’eussent pas été la source de cet océan amer, de ce genre humain, curiosité sans fond, éternel orage de superbe, flot de mobilité! Et alors les dispensateurs de votre vérité n’auraient pas eu besoin d’employer au sein des ondes tant de signes sensibles et (509) corporels, tant de paroles symboliques, tant d’opérations mystérieuses.
Ce sont là, suivant moi, ces reptiles, ces oiseaux qui s’insinuent parmi les hommes pour les initier et les soumettre aux symboles sacramentels. Mais ils ne pourraient aller au delà, si votre Esprit n’élevait la voix de leur âme à un degré supérieur, et si leur coeur, après les paroles du premier échelon, n’aspirait au faîte de l’échelle sainte.