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La cité de dieu

CHAPITRE II.

RÉCAPITULATION DU SECOND ET DU TROISIÈME LIVRE.

J’avais donc promis de réfuter ceux qui imputent à notre religion les calamités de l’empire romain, en rappelant tous les malheurs qui ont affligé Rome et les provinces soumises à sa domination avant l’interdiction des sacrifices du paganisme, malheurs qu’ils ne manqueraient pas de nous attribuer, si notre religion eût, dès ce temps-là, éclairé le monde et aboli leur culte sacrilège. C’est ce que je crois avoir suffisamment développé au second livre et au troisième. Dans l’un j’ai considéré les maux de l’âme, les seuls maux véritables, ou du moins les plus grands de tous, et dans l’autre j’ai parlé de ces maux extérieurs et corporels, communs aux bons et aux méchants, qui sont les seuls que ces derniers appréhendent, tandis qu’ils acceptent, je ne dis pas avec indifférence, mais avec plaisir, les (71) autres maux qui les rendent méchants. Et cependant combien peu ai-je parlé de Rome et de son empire, à ne prendre que ce qui s’est passé jusqu’au temps d’Auguste! Que serait-ce si j’avais voulu rapporter et accumuler non-seulement les dévastations, les carnages de la guerre et tous les maux que se font les hommes, mais encore ceux qui proviennent de la discorde des éléments, comme tous ces bouleversements naturels qu’Apulée indique en passant dans son livre Du monde, pour montrer que toutes les choses terrestres sont sujettes à une infinité de changements et de révolutions. Il dit¹ en propres termes que les villes ont été englouties par d’effroyables tremblements de terre, que des déluges ont noyé des régions entières, que des continents ont été changés en îles par l’envahissement des eaux, et les mers en continent par leur retraite, que des tourbillons de vent ont renversé des villes, que le feu du ciel a consumé en Orient certaines contrées et que d’autres pays en Occident ont été ravagés par des inondations. Ainsi on a vu quelquefois le volcan de l’Etna rompre ses barrières et vomir dans la plaine des torrents de feu. Si j’avais voulu recueillir tous ces désastres et tant d’autres dont l’histoire fait foi, quand serais-je arrivé au temps où le nom du Christ est venu arrêter les pernicieuses superstitions de l’idolâtrie ? J’avais encore promis de montrer pourquoi le vrai Dieu, arbitre souverain de tous les empires, a daigné favoriser celui des Romains, et de prouver du même coup que les faux dieux, loin de contribuer en rien à la prospérité de Rome, y ont nui au contraire par leurs artifices et leurs mensonges. C’est ce dont j’ai maintenant à parler, et surtout de la grandeur de l’empire romain; car pour ce qui est de la pernicieuse influence des démons sur les moeurs, je l’ai déjà fait ressortir très-amplement dans le second livre. Je n’ai pas manqué non plus, chaque fois que j’en ai trouvé l’occasion dans le cours de ces trois premiers livres, de signaler toutes les consolations dont les méchants comme les bons, au milieu des maux de la guerre, ont été redevables au nom de Jésus-Christ, selon l’ordre de cette providence « qui fait lever son soleil et tomber sa pluie sur les justes et sur les injustes ?² »

Traduction Masquer
The City of God

Chapter 2.--Of Those Things Which are Contained in Books Second and Third.

We had promised, then, that we would say something against those who attribute the calamities of the Roman republic to our religion, and that we would recount the evils, as many and great as we could remember or might deem sufficient, which that city, or the provinces belonging to its empire, had suffered before their sacrifices were prohibited, all of which would beyond doubt have been attributed to us, if our religion had either already shone on them, or had thus prohibited their sacrilegious rites. These things we have, as we think, fully disposed of in the second and third books, treating in the second of evils in morals, which alone or chiefly are to be accounted evils; and in the third, of those which only fools dread to undergo--namely, those of the body or of outward things--which for the most part the good also suffer. But those evils by which they themselves become evil, they take, I do not say patiently, but with pleasure. And how few evils have I related concerning that one city and its empire! Not even all down to the time of Caesar Augustus. What if I had chosen to recount and enlarge on those evils, not which men have inflicted on each other; such as the devastations and destructions of war, but which happen in earthly things, from the elements of the world itself. Of such evils Apuleius speaks briefly in one passage of that book which he wrote, De Mundo, saying that all earthly things are subject to change, overthrow, and destruction. ¹ For, to use his own words, by excessive earthquakes the ground has burst asunder, and cities with their inhabitants have been clean destroyed: by sudden rains whole regions have been washed away; those also which formerly had been continents, have been insulated by strange and new-come waves, and others, by the subsiding of the sea, have been made passable by the foot of man: by winds and storms cities have been overthrown; fires have flashed forth from the clouds, by which regions in the East being burnt up have perished; and on the western coasts the like destructions have been caused by the bursting forth of waters and floods. So, formerly, from the lofty craters of Etna, rivers of fire kindled by God have flowed like a torrent down the steeps. If I had wished to collect from history wherever I could, these and similar instances, where should I have finished what happened even in those times before the name of Christ had put down those of their idols, so vain and hurtful to true salvation? I promised that I should also point out which of their customs, and for what cause, the true God, in whose power all kingdoms are, had deigned to favor to the enlargement of their empire; and how those whom they think gods can have profited them nothing, but much rather hurt them by deceiving and beguiling them; so that it seems to me I must now speak of these things, and chiefly of the increase of the Roman empire. For I have already said not a little, especially in the second book, about the many evils introduced into their manners by the hurtful deceits of the demons whom they worshipped as gods. But throughout all the three books already completed, where it appeared suitable, we have set forth how much succor God, through the name of Christ, to whom the barbarians beyond the custom of war paid so much honor, has bestowed on the good and bad, according as it is written, "Who maketh His sun to rise on the good and the evil, and giveth rain to the just and the unjust." ²