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The City of God

Chapter 21.--Of the Kings of Latium, the First and Twelfth of Whom, Aeneas and Aventinus, Were Made Gods.

After Aeneas, whom they deified, Latium had eleven kings, none of whom was deified. But Aventinus, who was the twelfth after Aeneas, having been laid low in war, and buried in that hill still called by his name, was added to the number of such gods as they made for themselves. Some, indeed, were unwilling to write that he was slain in battle, but said he was nowhere to be found, and that it was not from his name, but from the alighting of birds, that hill was called Aventinus. ¹ After this no god was made in Latium except Romulus the founder of Rome. But two kings are found between these two, the first of whom I shall describe in the Virgilian verse:

"Next came that Procas, glory of the Trojan race." ²

That greatest of all kingdoms, the Assyrian, had its long duration brought to a close in his time, the time of Rome's birth drawing nigh. For the Assyrian empire was transferred to the Medes after nearly thirteen hundred and five years, if we include the reign of Belus, who begot Ninus, and, content with a small kingdom, was the first king there. Now Procas reigned before Amulius. And Amulius had made his brother Numitor's daughter, Rhea by name, who was also called Ilia, a vestal virgin, who conceived twin sons by Mars, as they will have it, in that way honoring or excusing her adultery, adding as a proof that a she-wolf nursed the infants when exposed. For they think this kind of beast belongs to Mars so that the she-wolf is believed to have given her teats to the infants, because she knew they were the sons of Mars her lord; although there are not wanting persons who say that when the crying babes lay exposed, they were first of all picked up by I know not what harlot, and sucked her breasts first (now harlots were called lupae, she-wolves, from which their vile abodes are even yet called lupanaria), and that afterwards they came into the hands of the shepherd Faustulus, and were nursed by Acca his wife. Yet what wonder is it, if, to rebuke the king who had cruelly ordered them to be thrown into the water, God was pleased, after divinely delivering them from the water, to succor, by means of a wild beast giving milk, these infants by whom so great a city was to be founded? Amulius was succeeded in the Latian kingdom by his brother Numitor, the grandfather of Romulus; and Rome was founded in the first year of this Numitor, who from that time reigned along with his grandson Romulus.

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La cité de dieu

CHAPITRE XXI.

DES ROIS DU LATIUM, DONT LE PREMIER ET LE DOUZIÈME, C’EST-A-DIRE ÉNÉE ET AVENTINUS, FURENT MIS AU RANG DES DIEUX.

Les Latins eurent après Enée onze rois qu’ils ne mirent point comme lui au nombre des dieux; mais Aventinus, qui fut le douzième, ayant été tué dans un combat et enseveli sur le mont qui porte encore aujourd’hui son nom, eut rang parmi ces étranges divinités. Selon d’autres historiens, il ne serait pas mort dans la bataille, mais il n’aurait plus reparu depuis, et ce n’est pas de lui que le mont Aventin aurait pris son nom, mais des oiseaux qui venaient s’y reposer¹ .Après Aventinus, les Latins ne firent plus d’autre dieu que Romulus, fondateur de Rome. Mais entre ces deux rois, il s’en trouve deux autres, dont le premier est, pour parler avec Virgile :

« Procas, la gloire de la nation troyenne² »

Ce fut sous le règne de celui-ci, tandis que se faisait l’enfantement de Rome, que la grande monarchie des Assyriens termina sa longue carrière. Elle passa aux Mèdes après avoir duré plus de treize cents ans, en la faisant commencer à Bélus, père de Ninus. Amulius succéda à Procas. On dit que Rhéa ou Ilia, fille de son frère Numitor, et mère de Romulus, qu’il avait faite vestale, conçut deux jumeaux du dieu Mars; la preuve qu’il donne de cette paternité divine imaginée pour la gloire ou l’excuse de la vestale, c’est que, les deux enfants ayant été exposés par ordre d’Amnulius, une louve les allaita. Or, la louve est consacrée au dieu Mars, et on veut qu’elle ait reconnu les enfants de son maître; mais il ne manque pas de gens pour soutenir que les deux jumeaux furent recueillis par une femme publique (on appelait cette sorte de femmes louves, lupae d’où est venu lupanar), laquelle les allaita et les mit ensuite entre les mains de Faustulus, l’un des bergers du roi, qui les fit soigner par sa femme Acca. Mais quand Dieu aurait permis que des bêtes farouches eussent nourri ces enfants qui devaient fonder un si grand empire, pour faire plus de honte à ce roi cruel qui les avait fait jeter dans la rivière, qu’y aurait-il en cela de si merveilleux? Numitor, grand-père de Romulus, succéda à son frère Amulius, et Rome fut bâtie la première année de son règne. Ainsi il gouverna conjointement avec son petit-fils Romulus.