Übersetzung ausblenden
The City of God

Chapter 18.--The Disasters Suffered by the Romans in the Punic Wars, Which Were Not Mitigated by the Protection of the Gods.

In the Punic wars, again, when victory hung so long in the balance between the two kingdoms, when two powerful nations were straining every nerve and using all their resources against one another, how many smaller kingdoms were crushed, how many large and flourishing cities were demolished, how many states were overwhelmed and ruined, how many districts and lands far and near were desolated! How often were the victors on either side vanquished! What multitudes of men, both of those actually in arms and of others, were destroyed! What huge navies, too, were crippled in engagements, or were sunk by every kind of marine disaster! Were we to attempt to recount or mention these calamities, we should become writers of history. At that period Rome was mightily perturbed, and resorted to vain and ludicrous expedients. On the authority of the Sibylline books, the secular games were re-appointed, which had been inaugurated a century before, but had faded into oblivion in happier times. The games consecrated to the infernal gods were also renewed by the pontiffs; for they, too, had sunk into disuse in the better times. And no wonder; for when they were renewed, the great abundance of dying men made all hell rejoice at its riches, and give itself up to sport: for certainly the ferocious wars, and disastrous quarrels, and bloody victories--now on one side, and now on the other--though most calamitous to men, afforded great sport and a rich banquet to the devils. But in the first Punic war there was no more disastrous event than the Roman defeat in which Regulus was taken. We made mention of him in the two former books as an incontestably great man, who had before conquered and subdued the Carthaginians, and who would have put an end to the first Punic war, had not an inordinate appetite for praise and glory prompted him to impose on the worn-out Carthagians harder conditions than they could bear. If the unlooked-for captivity and unseemly bondage of this man, his fidelity to his oath, and his surpassingly cruel death, do not bring a blush to the face of the gods, it is true that they are brazen and bloodless.

Nor were there wanting at that time very heavy disasters within the city itself. For the Tiber was extraordinarily flooded, and destroyed almost all the lower parts of the city; some buildings being carried away by the violence of the torrent, while others were soaked to rottenness by the water that stood round them even after the flood was gone. This visitation was followed by a fire which was still more destructive, for it consumed some of the loftier buildings round the Forum, and spared not even its own proper temple, that of Vesta, in which virgins chosen for this honor, or rather for this punishment, had been employed in conferring, as it were, everlasting life on fire, by ceaselessly feeding it with fresh fuel. But at the time we speak of, the fire in the temple was not content with being kept alive: it raged. And when the virgins, scared by its vehemence, were unable to save those fatal images which had already brought destruction on three cities ¹ in which they had been received, Metellus the priest, forgetful of his own safety, rushed in and res cued the sacred things, though he was half roasted in doing so. For either the fire did not recognize even him, or else the goddess of fire was there,--a goddess who would not have fled from the fire supposing she had been there. But here you see how a man could be of greater service to Vesta than she could be to him. Now if these gods could not avert the fire from themselves, what help against flames or flood could they bring to the state of which they were the reputed guardians? Facts have shown that they were useless. These objections of ours would be idle if our adversaries maintained that their idols are consecrated rather as symbols of things eternal, than to secure the blessings of time; and that thus, though the symbols, like all material and visible things, might perish, no damage thereby resulted to the things for the sake of which they had been consecrated, while, as for the images themselves, they could be renewed again for the same purposes they had formerly served. But with lamentable blindness, they suppose that, through the intervention of perishable gods, the earthly well-being and temporal prosperity of the state can be preserved from perishing. And so, when they are reminded that even when the gods remained among them this well-being and prosperity were blighted, they blush to change the opinion they are unable to defend.

Übersetzung ausblenden
La cité de dieu

CHAPITRE XVIII.

DES MALHEURS ARRIVÉS AUX ROMAINS PENDANT LA PREMIÈRE GUERRE PUNIQUE SANS QU’ILS AIENT PU OBTENIR L’ASSISTANCE DES DIEUX.

Et durant les guerres puniques, lorsque la victoire demeura si longtemps en balance, dans cette lutte où deux peuples belliqueux déployaient toute leur énergie, combien de petits Etats détruits, combien de villes dévastées, de provinces mises au pillage, d’armées défaites, de flottes submergées, de sang répandu! Si nous voulions raconter ou seule-nient rappeler tous ces désastres, nous referions l’histoire de Rome. Ce fut alors que les esprits effrayés eurent recours à des remèdes vains et ridicules. Sur la foi des livres sibyllins, on recommença les jeux séculaires, dont l’usage s’était perdu en des temps plus heureux. Les pontifes rétablirent aussi les jeux consacrés aux dieux infernaux, que la prospérité avait également fait négliger. Aussi bien je crois qu’en ce temps-là la joie devait être grande aux enfers, d’y voir arriver tant de monde, et il faut convenir que les guerres furieuses et les sanglantes animosités des hommes fournissaient alors aux démons de beaux spectacles et de riches festins. Mais ce qu’il y eut de plus déplorable dans cette première guerre punique, ce fut cette défaite des Romains dont nous avons parlé dans les deux livres précédents et où fut pris Régulus ; grand homme auquel II ne manqua, pour mettre fin à la guerre, après avoir vaincu les Carthaginois, que de résister à un désir immodéré de gloire, qui lui fit imposer des conditions trop dures à un peuple déjà épuisé. Si la captivité imprévue de cet homme héroïque, si l’indignité de sa servitude, si sa fidélité à garder son serment, si sa mort cruelle et inhumaine ne forcent point les dieux à rougir, il faut dire qu’ils sont d’airain comme leurs statues et n’ont point de sang dans les veines.

Au reste, durant ce temps, les calamités ne manquèrent pas à Rome au dedans de ses murailles. Un débordement extraordinaire du Tibre ruina presque toutes les parties basses de la ville; plusieurs maisons furent renversées tout d’abord par la violence du fleuve, et les autres tombèrent ensuite à cause du long séjour des eaux. Ce déluge fut suivi d’un incendie plus terrible encore; le feu, qui commença parles plus hauts édifices du Forum, n’épargna même pas son propre sanctuaire, le temple de Vesta, où des vierges choisies pour cet honneur, ou plutôt pour ce supplice, étaient chargées d’alimenter sa vie perpétuellement. Mais alors il ne se contentait pas de vivre, il sévissait, et les vestales épouvantées ne pouvaient sauver de l’embrasement cette divinité fatale qui avait déjà fait périr trois villes¹ où elle était adorée. Alors le pontife Métellus, sans s’inquiéter de son propre salut, se jeta à travers les flammes et parvint à en tirer l’idole, étant lui-même à demi brûlé, car le feu ne sut pas le reconnaître. Etrange divinité, qui n’a seulement pas la force de s’enfuir, de sorte qu’un homme se montre plus capable de courir au secours d’une déesse que la déesse ne l’est d’aller au sien. Aussi bien si ces dieux ne savaient pas se défendre eux-mêmes du feu, comment en auraient-ils garanti la ville placée sous leur protection? et en effet il parut bien qu’ils n’y pouvaient rien du tout. Nous ne parlerions pas ainsi à nos adversaires, s’ils disaient que eurs idoles sont les symboles des biens éternels et non les gages des biens terrestres, et qu’ainsi, quand ces symboles viennent à périr, comme toutes les choses visibles et corporelles, l’objet du culte subsiste et le dommage matériel peut toujours être réparé; mais, par un aveuglement déplorable, on s’imagine que des idoles passagères peuvent assurer à une ville une félicité éternelle, et quand nous prouvons à nos adversaires que le maintien même des idoles n’a pu les garantir d’aucune calamité, ils rougissent de confesser une erreur qu’ils sont incapables de soutenir.