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De Trinitate

XII.

[XII] Venerunt autem duo angeli in Sodomis vespere.

Hic attentius considerandum est quod ostendere institui. Cum tribus certe loquebatur Abraham et eum dominum singulariter appellavit. ‚Forte,‘ inquit aliquis, ‚unum ex tribus agnoscebat dominum, alios autem duos angelos eius.‘ Quid sibi ergo vult quod consequenter dicit scriptura: Abiit autem dominus postquam cessavit loquens ad Abraham, et Abraham reversus est ad locum suum. Venerunt autem duo angeli in Sodomis vespere? An forte ille unus abscesserat qui dominus cognoscebatur in tribus, et duos angelos qui cum illo erant, ad consumendam Sodoma miserat? Ergo sequentia videamus. Venerunt, inquit, duo angelis in Sodomis vespere. Loth autem sedebat ad portam Sodomorum. Et cum vidisset eos Loth, surrexit in obviam illis et adoravit in faciem super terram et dixit: Ecce, domini, divertite in domum pueri vestri. Hic manifestum est et duos angelos fuisse et in hospitium pluraliter invitatos et honorifice appellatos dominos cum fortasse homines putarentur.

[22] Sed rursus movet quia nisi angeli dei cognoscerentur, non adoraret Loth in faciem super terram. Cur ergo tamquam tali humanitate indigentibus et hospitium praebetur et victus? Sed quodlibet hic lateat, illud nunc quod suscepimus exsequamur. Duo apparent; angeli ambo dicuntur; pluraliter invitantur tamquam cum duobus pluraliter loquitur donec exeatur a Sodomis. Deinde sequitur scriptura et dicit: Et factum est postquam eduxerunt eos foras et dixerunt: Salvans salva animam tuam; ne respexeris retro neque stes in hac universa regione; in montem vade et ibi salvaberis ne forte comprehendaris. Dixit autem Loth ad eos: Rogo, domine, quoniam invenit puer tuus ante te misericordiam, et cetera. Quid est hoc: Dixit ad eos: Rogo, domine, si iam ille discesserat qui dominus erat et angelos miserat? Cur dicitur, Rogo, domine, et non, ‚Rogo, domini‘? Aut si unum ex eis voluit appellare, cur ait scriptura: Dixit autem Loth ad eos: Rogo, domine, quoniam invenit puer tuus ante te misericordiam? An et hic intellegimus in plurali numero personas duas, cum autem idem duo tamquam unus conpellantur, unius substantiae unum dominum deum? Sed quas duas personas hic intellegimus? Patris et filii, an patris et spiritus sancti, an filii et spiritus sancti? Hoc forte congruentius quod ultimum dixi. Missos enim se dixerunt, quod de filio et de spiritu sancto dicimus. Nam patrem missum nusquam scripturarum nobis occurrit.

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The Fifteen Books of Aurelius Augustinus, Bishop of Hippo, on the Trinity

Chapter 12.--The Appearance to Lot is Examined.

"But there came two angels to Sodom at even." Here, what I have begun to set forth must be considered more attentively. Certainly Abraham was speaking with three, and called that one, in the singular number, the Lord. Perhaps, some one may say, he recognized one of the three to be the Lord, but the other two His angels. What, then, does that mean which Scripture goes on to say, "And the Lord went His way, as soon as He had left communing with Abraham; and Abraham returned to his place: and there came two angels to Sodom at even?" Are we to suppose that the one who, among the three, was recognized as the Lord, had departed, and had sent the two angels that were with Him to destroy Sodom? Let us see, then, what follows. "There came," it is said, "two angels to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom: and Lot seeing them, rose up to meet them; and he bowed himself with his face toward the ground; and he said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house." Here it is clear, both that there were two angels, and that in the plural number they were invited to partake of hospitality, and that they were honorably designated lords, when they perchance were thought to be men.

22. Yet, again, it is objected that except they were known to be angels of God, Lot would not have bowed himself with his face to the ground. Why, then, is both hospitality and food offered to them, as though they wanted such human succor? But whatever may here lie hid, let us now pursue that which we have undertaken. Two appear; both are called angels; they are invited plurally; he speaks as with two plurally, until the departure from Sodom. And then Scripture goes on to say, "And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that they said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, and there thou shalt be saved, ¹ lest thou be consumed. And Lot said unto them, Oh! not so, my lord: behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight," ² etc. What is meant by his saying to them, "Oh! not so, my lord," if He who was the Lord had already departed, and had sent the angels? Why is it said, "Oh! not so, my lord," and not, "Oh! not so, my lords?" Or if he wished to speak to one of them, why does Scripture say, "But Lot said to them, Oh! not so, my lord: behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight," etc.? Are we here, too, to understand two persons in the plural number, but when the two are addressed as one, then the one Lord God of one substance? But which two persons do we here understand?--of the Father and of the Son, or of the Father and of the Holy Spirit, or of the Son and of the Holy Spirit? The last, perhaps, is the more suitable; for they said of themselves that they were sent, which is that which we say of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. For we find nowhere in the Scriptures that the Father was sent. ³