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Works Augustine of Hippo (354-430)

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De la grâce de Jésus-Christ et du péché originel

32.

Dira-t-on que ces anciens patriarches ont dû leur salut, non pas à l'humanité, non encore existante, de Jésus-Christ, mais à sa divinité qui est éternelle? Ce serait une grossière erreur. N'est-ce pas le Sauveur qui nous a dit lui-même : « Abraham a désiré voir mon jour, il l'a vu et a tressailli de joie ? » Si par ce jour on doit entendre l'existence humaine du Sauveur, il est évident que dans ces paroles Jésus-Christ atteste solennellement qu'Abraham croyait à l'Incarnation. Or, si Jésus-Christ peut être soumis à la durée temporelle, n'est-ce point uniquement par son humanité, puisque comme Dieu il est éternel et le Créateur de tous les temps ? D'un autre côté, lors même que les paroles citées plus haut devaient s'entendre de l'éternité même, qui ne connaît ni veille ni lendemain, de cette éternité par laquelle le Verbe est égal au Père; je demanderais toujours comment Abraham a pu désirer voir l'éternité d'un homme dont il n'aurait pas connu la mortalité future. Je suppose enfin que l'on veuille restreindre le plus possible le sens de ces paroles; je suppose que par ces mots « Il a désiré voir mon jour », le Sauveur ait seulement voulu dire: Il a désiré me voir, moi qui suis le jour permanent, la lumière toujours brillante; je suppose que le Sauveur ait parlé de son jour comme il a parlé de sa vie, quand il a dit: « Dieu a donné à son Fils d'avoir la vie en lui-même1 ». Il est certain, sans doute, qu'il n'y a pas de distinction essentielle à établir entre Jésus-Christ et la vie qui lui est propre, car il est lui-même la vie, selon cette parole: « Je suis la voie, la vérité et la vie2 » ; et cette autre de saint Jean : « Il est lui-même le vrai Dieu et la vie éternelle3 ». Mais de là conclura-t-on que, sans avoir aucune connaissance de l'incarnation du Verbe, Abraham a désiré le voir uniquement dans la divinité. qui le rend égal à son Père, comme ont pu le désirer certains philosophes pour qui l'humanité de Jésus-Christ était chose entièrement inconnue ? Qu'on m'explique alors ce que signifie cet acte mystérieux par lequel il ordonne à son serviteur de placer sa main sous son fémur et de jurer par le Dieu du ciel4. Comment ne pas voir dans ce fait la preuve évidente qu'Abraham savait parfaitement qu'il était lui-même le chef de la race à laquelle le Verbe divin emprunterait la chair dont il se revêtirait ? 5


  1. Jean, V, 26. ↩

  2. Jean, XIV, 6.  ↩

  3. I Jean, V, 20.  ↩

  4. Gen. XXIV, 2, 3.  ↩

  5. Id. XIV, 18-20.  ↩

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A Treatise on the grace of christ, and on original sin

Chapter 32 [XXVII.]--He Shows by the Example of Abraham that the Ancient Saints Believed in the Incarnation of Christ.

For it must not be supposed that those saints of old only profited by Christ's divinity, which was ever existent, and not also by the revelation of His humanity, which had not yet come to pass. What the Lord Jesus says, "Abraham desired to see my day, and he saw it, and was glad," 1 meaning by the phrase his day to understand his time, affords of course a clear testimony that Abraham was fully imbued with belief in His incarnation. It is in respect of this that He has a "time;" for His divinity exceeds all time, for it was by it that all times were created. If, however, any one supposes that the phrase in question must be understood of that eternal "day" which is limited by no morrow, and preceded by no yesterday,--in a word, of the very eternity in which He is co-eternal with the Father,--how would Abraham really desire this, unless he was aware that there was to be a future mortality belonging to Him whose eternity he wished for? Or, perhaps, some one would confine the meaning of the phrase so far as to say, that nothing else is meant in the Lord's saying, "He desired to see my day," than "He desired to see me," who am the never-ending Day, or the unfailing Light, as when we mention the life of the Son, concerning which it is said in the Gospel: "So hath He given to the Son to have life in Himself." 2 Here the life is nothing less than Himself. So we understand the Son Himself to be the life, when He said, "I am the way, the truth, and the life;" 3 of whom also it was said, "He is the true God, and eternal life." 4 Supposing, then, that Abraham desired to see this equal divinity of the Son's with the Father, without any precognition of His coming in the flesh--as certain philosophers sought Him, who knew nothing of His flesh--can that other act of Abraham, when he orders his servant to place his hand under his thigh, and to swear by the God of heaven, 5 be rightly understood by any one otherwise than as showing that Abraham well knew that the flesh in which the God of heaven was to come was the offspring of that very thigh? 6


  1. John viii. 56. ↩

  2. John v. 26. ↩

  3. John xiv. 6. ↩

  4. 1 John v. 20. ↩

  5. Gen. xxiv. 2, 3. ↩

  6. The word "thigh," kry, occurs in the phrase, "to come out from the thigh of any one," in the sense of being begotten by any one, or descended from him, in several passages: see Gen. xlvi. 26; Ex. i. 5; Judg. viii. 30. In the last of these passages, the A.V. phrase, "of his body begotten," is vkry y'tsy, the offspring of his thigh. Abraham was the first to use this form of adjuration; after him his grandson Jacob, Gen. xlvii. 29. The comment of Augustin in the text, which he repeats elsewhere (see his Sermon 75), occurs also in other Fathers, e.g. Jerome, Theodoret, Ambrose (De Abrahamo, i. cap. ult.), Prosper (Praedicat. i. 7), and Gregory the Great, who says: "He orders him to put his hand under his thigh, since through that member would descend the flesh of Him who was Abraham's son according to the flesh, and his Lord owing to His divinity." ↩

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A Treatise on the grace of christ, and on original sin
De la grâce de Jésus-Christ et du péché originel

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Faculty of Theology, Patristics and History of the Early Church
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

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