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Marci Minucii Felicis Octavius

Caput VI

ARGUMENTUM. — Quaelibet natio, ac Romani postmodum numina sua ita coluere, ut eorum cultum supremum totius orbis terrae imperium fuerint assecuti.

Cum igitur aut fortuna certa, aut incerta natura sit, quanto venerabilius ac melius, antistites veritatis majorum excipere disciplinam, religiones traditas colere; deos quos a parentibus ante imbutus es timere, quam nosse familiarius, adorare; nec de numinibus ferre sententiam, sed prioribus credere qui, adhuc rudi saeculo, ipsius mundi natalibus; meruerunt deos vel faciles habere, vel reges! Inde adeo per universa imperia, provincias, oppida, videmus singulos sacrorum ritus gentiles habere, et deos colere municipes, ut Eleusinios Cererem, Phrygas Matrem, Epidaurios Aesculapium, Chaldaeos Belum, Astarten Syros, Dianam Tauros, Gallos Mercurium, universa Romanos. Sic eorum potestas et auctoritas totius orbis ambitus occupavit: sic imperium suum ultra solis vias et ipsius Oceani limites propagavit, dum exercent in armis virtutem religiosam, dum urbem muniunt sacrorum religionibus, castis virginibus, multis honoribus, ac nominibus sacerdotum: dum obsessi, et citra solum Capitolium capti, colunt deos, quos alius jam sprevisset, iratos; et per Gallorum acies, mirantium superstitionis audaciam, pergunt telis inermes, sed cultu religionis armati: dum capti, in hostilibus moenibus adhuc ferociente victoria, numina victa venerantur: dum undique hospites deos quaerunt, et suos faciunt: dum aras exstruunt, dum etiam ignotis numinibus et manibus. Sic, dum universarum gentium sacra suscipiunt, etiam regna [meruerunt]. Hinc perpetuus merent venerationis tenor mansit, qui longa aetate non infringitur, sed augetur: quippe antiquitas caeremoniis atque fanis tantum sanctitatis tribuere consuevit, quantum adstruxerit vetustatis.

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The Octavius of Minucius Felix

Chapter VI.

--Argument: The Object of All Nations, and Especially of the Romans, in Worshipping Their Divinities, Has Been to Attain for Their Worship the Supreme Dominion Over the Whole Earth.

"Since, then, either fortune is certain or nature is uncertain, how much more reverential and better it is, as the high priests of truth, to receive the teaching of your ancestors, to cultivate the religions handed down to you, to adore the gods whom you were first trained by your parents to fear rather than to know ¹ with familiarity; not to assert an opinion concerning the deities, but to believe your forefathers, who, while the age was still untrained in the birth-times of the world itself, deserved to have gods either propitious to them, or as their kings. ² Thence, therefore, we see through all empires, and provinces, and cities, that each people has its national rites of worship, and adores its local gods: as the Eleusinians worship Ceres; the Phrygians, Mater; ³ the Epidaurians,

AEsculapius; the Chaldaeans; Belus; the Syrians, Astarte; the Taurians, Diana; the Gauls, Mercurius; the Romans, all divinities. Thus their power and authority has occupied the circuit of the whole world: thus it has propagated its empire beyond the paths of the sun, and the bounds of the ocean itself; in that in their arms they practise a religious valour; in that they fortify their city with the religions of sacred rites, with chaste virgins, with many honours, and the names of priests; in that, when besieged and taken, all but the Capitol alone, they worship the gods which when angry any other people would have despised; ⁴ and through the lines of the Gauls, marvelling at the audacity of their superstition, they move unarmed with weapons, but armed with the worship of their religion; while in the city of an enemy, when taken while still in the fury of victory, they venerate the conquered deities; while in all directions they seek for the gods of the strangers, and make them their own; while they build altars even to unknown divinities, and to the Manes. Thus, in that they acknowledge the sacred institutions of all nations, they have also deserved their dominion. Hence the perpetual course of their veneration has continued, which is not weakened by the long lapse of time, but increased, because antiquity has been accustomed to attribute to ceremonies and temples so much of sanctity as it has ascribed of age.