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Works Lactantius (250-325) Divinae Institutiones

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Institutions Divines

XXI.

1 La puissance de Dieu est si grande qu’il se saisit sans peine des purs esprits, et les châtie comme il lui plaît. Les anges et les démons l'appréhendent, parce qu'il sait les punir d'une manière que nul discours ne peut expliquer. Il ne faut donc pas trouver étrange que les âmes, quoiqu’immortelles, soient capables de souffrir les supplices auxquels la justice les condamne. Il est vrai que, n'ayant rien de solide ni de palpable, elles ne peuvent aussi rien souffrir de la part des corps qui sont palpables et solides. Elles sont spirituelles, mais elles n'en dépendent pas moins absolument de Dieu, dont la nature et la puissance est un pur esprit. L'Écriture nous enseigne la manière dont les impies seront punis ; car, comme leurs âmes se sont souillées par les péchés qu'elles ont commis avec leurs corps, elles seront réunies à ces corps pour être punies. Les corps que Dieu leur donnera alors ne seront pas semblables à ceux que nous avons maintenant, et seront des corps d'un tempérament inaltérable et d'une condition indissoluble, qui ne seront point consumés par l'activité d'un feu éternel. Ce feu-là sera fort différent de celui que nous employons à divers usages. Le nôtre s'éteint si nous manquons de lui fournir incessamment de la matière pour l'entretenir ; mais le feu que Dieu allumera pour châtier les impies sera un feu qui n'aura besoin d'aucun aliment, qui n'aura point de fumée, et qui aura la pureté et la fluidité de l'eau. Il n'est pas porté en haut par une force étrangère, comme le nôtre, que les parties terrestres et les vapeurs grossières dont il est mêlé contraignent de s'élever vers le ciel par un mouvement déréglé et inégal.

2 Ce feu divin aura le pouvoir et de brûler les impies et de les conserver ; car, se servant à soi-même d'aliment, il sera comme une image de la fable du vautour dont les poètes ont feint que Titye était rongé sans être consumé. Il brûlera et tourmentera les corps sans les détruire. Le Sauveur jugera les justes et les fera passer par le feu. Ceux dont les péchés l'emporteront sur les vertus, ou par le poids ou par le nombre, seront légèrement touchés par la flamme. Mais ceux dont la vertu sera parfaite n'en sentiront aucune atteinte, parce qu'ils ont eu eux une force secrète qui les garantira. Ce feu, qui a reçu de Dieu le pouvoir de tourmenter les coupables, respectera les innocents. Que personne cependant tic s'imagine que les âmes soient jugées incontinent après leur mort ; elles seront toutes gardées dans une vaste prison jusqu'à ce que le souverain juge vienne les examiner. Il donnera alors l'immortalité en récompense à ceux dont l'innocence aura été reconnue ; et pour celles qui auront été convaincues de leurs crimes, il les privera de la résurrection, et les jettera dans une région obscure où elles souffriront les supplices qu'elles méritent.

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The Divine Institutes

Chap. XXI.--Of the Torments and Punishments of Souls.

First of all, therefore, we say that the power of God is so great, that He perceives even incorporeal things, and manages them as He will. For even angels fear God, because they can be chastised by Him in some unspeakable manner; and devils dread Him, because they are tormented and punished by Him. What wonder is it, therefore, if souls, though they are immortal, are nevertheless capable of suffering at the hand of God? For since they have nothing solid and tangible in themselves, they can suffer no violence from solid and corporeal beings; but because they live in their spirits only, they are capable of being handled by God alone, whose energy and substance is spiritual. But, however, the sacred writings inform us in what manner the wicked are to undergo punishment. For because they have committed sins in their bodies, they will again be clothed with flesh, that they may make atonement in their bodies; and yet it will not be that flesh with which God clothed man, like this our earthly body, but indestructible, and abiding for ever, that it may be able to hold out against tortures and everlasting fire, the nature of which is different from this fire of ours, which we use for the necessary purposes of life, and which is extinguished unless it be sustained by the fuel of some material. But that divine fire always lives by itself, and flourishes without any nourishment; nor has it any smoke mixed with it, but it is pure and liquid, and fluid, after the manner of water. For it is not urged upwards by any force, as our fire, which the taint of the earthly body, by which it is held, and smoke intermingled, compels to leap forth, and to fly upwards to the nature of heaven, with a tremulous movement. 1

The same divine fire, therefore, with one and the same force and power, will both burn the wicked and will form them again, and will replace as much as it shall consume of their bodies, and will supply itself with eternal nourishment: which the poets transferred to the vulture of Tityus. Thus, without any wasting of bodies, which regain their substance, it will only burn and affect them with a sense of pain. But when He shall have judged the righteous, He will also try them with fire. Then they whose sins shall exceed either in weight or in number, shall be scorched by the fire and burnt: 2 but they whom full justice and maturity of virtue has imbued will not perceive that fire; for they have something of God in themselves which repels and rejects the violence of the flame. So great is the force of innocence, that the flame shrinks from it without doing harm; which has received from God this power, that it burns the wicked, and is under the command of the righteous. Nor, however, let any one imagine that souls are immediately judged after death. For all are detained in one and a common place of confinement, until the arrival of the time in which the great Judge shall make an investigation of their deserts. 3 Then they whose piety shall have been approved of will receive the reward of immortality; but they whose sins and crimes shall have been brought to light will not rise again, but will be hidden in the same darkness with the wicked, being destined to certain punishment.


  1. Cum trepidatione mobili. [See vol. vi. p. 375, [^134]note 1.] ↩

  2. Perstringentur igni atque amburentur. [See p. 216, n. 5, supra.] This idea of passing through flames of the final judgment has in it nothing in common with "purgatory" as a place and as a punishment from which admission into heaven may be gained before judgment.] ↩

  3. [See vol. iii. [^135]p. 59, supra, Elucidation X.] ↩

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Faculty of Theology, Patristics and History of the Early Church
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

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