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Gegen die Heiden (BKV)
Nr. 24
Sey es, man gebe zu, daß die unglückseligsten Thiere nicht ohne irgend eine religiöse Verpflichtung in der Gottheiten Tempel geopfert werden, und was aus dem Gebrauch der Gewohnheit geworden, enthalte eines Grundes Ursache in sich; aber, erscheint es als etwas Prächtiges und Großartiges, den Göttern Stiere zu schlachten; ihnen unversehrtes, vollkommenes Fleisch der Thiere zu verbrennen; was wollen dann diese sonstigen Dinge, welche in den Disziplinen der Magier Bestand haben, welche in den geheimen Opfervorschriften die pontifikalischen Mysterien erneuert und den göttlichen Dingen vermischt haben? Was, sage ich, wollen diese Apexanes, Hirciae, Silicerniae, Longaven? welche Namen sind von Wurstarten, die einen mit Bocksblut, die anderen mit kleingehackten Lungen gefüllt? Was die S. 195 Taedae, die Naeniae, die Offae penitae? von welchen das Erste Speck in kleinen Stücken, nach Art der Leckerbissen bereitet ist; was im Zweiten enthalten, ist die Ausdehnung des Darmes, durch welchen der Koth ausgeworfen wird, nach Aussaugung der lebenskräftigen Feuchtigkeit; das Schweifstück aber besteht aus dem am Schwanze des Thieres ausgeschnittenen Fleischstück. Was die Polimina? was die Omenta? was die Palasea oder Plasea? von welchen der Name Netz jenen die Gefäße des Bauches umziehenden Felle zukommt. Das Schwanzstück ist des Rindes Schweif mit Tempelmehl und Blut bestrichen. Polimina aber sind das, was wir schamhafter Proles nen-nen, das gemeine Volk jedoch unter der Benennung Testes zu bezeichnen pflegt (Schweinhode). Was die Fitilla, was das Frumen, was die Africia, was die Gratilla, das Catumeum, Conspolium, die Cubula? wovon die ersten zwei Namen von Mussen [Opferbrei] sind, der Art und Beschaffenheit nach aber verschieden. Die nachfolgende Reihe enthält dann Bezeichnungen von Opferkuchen, welchen nicht eine und dieselbe Form zukommt. Nicht gefällt es aber, das Fleisch, welches aus den Hüften der Stiere gehauen wird, zu nennen; nicht das derbe und fettlose, am Spieße gebratene; nicht die Eingeweide, früher belebt und an Kohlen geröstet; nicht endlich das Eingesalzene, den Opferschrot, welches eine aus vier Früchten verbundene Mischung ist. Nicht deßgleichen die Fendicae, welche die Hirae selbst sind, die das Volk Därme zu nennen pflegt; die Gurgel, das Erste im Schlund, welcher die Einrichtung zukommt, die Nahrung dem widerkauenden Geschlecht heraufzustoßen und niederzuschlucken. Nicht die Leckerbissen, die Fladen, nicht tausenderlei Arten von Würsten sowohl als von Mussen, deren Namen ihr in's Dunkle gestellt und dem Volke ehrwürdiger gemacht habt.
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The Seven Books of Arnobius Against the Heathen
24.
Be it so; let it be conceded that these most unfortunate cattle are not sacrificed in the temples of the gods without some religious obligation, and that what has been done in accordance with usage and custom possesses some rational ground: but if it seems a great and grand thing to slay bulls to the gods, and to burn in sacrifice the flesh of animals whole and entire, what is the meaning of these relics connected with the arts of the Magi which the pontifical mysteries have restored to a place among the secret laws of the sacred rites, and have mixed up with religious affairs? What, I say, is the meaning of these things, apexaones, hirciae, silicernia, longavi, which are names and kinds of sausages, 1 some stuffed with goats' blood, 2 others with minced liver? What is the meaning of taedae, uaeniae, offae, not those used by the common people, but those named and called offae penitae?--of which the first 3 is fat cut into very small pieces, as dainties 4 are; that which has been placed second is the extension of the gut by which the excrements are given off after being drained of all their nourishing juices; while the offa penita is a beast's tail cut off with a morsel of flesh. What is the meaning of polimina, omenta, palasea, or, as some call it, plasea?--of which that named omentum is a certain part enclosed by the reservoirs of the belly are kept within bounds; the plasea is an ox's tail 5 besmeared with flour and blood; the polimina, again, are those parts which we with more decency call proles,--by the vulgar, however, they are usually termed testes. What is the meaning of fitilla, frumen, africia, gratilla, catumeum, cumspolium, cubula?--of which the first two are names of species of pottage, but differing in kind and quality; while the series of names which follows denotes consecrated cakes, for they are not shaped in one and the same way. For we do not choose to mention the caro strebula which is taken from the haunches of bulls, the roasted pieces of meat which are spitted, the intestines first heated, and baked on glowing coals, nor, finally, the pickles 6 which are made by mixing four kinds of fruit. In like manner, we do not choose to mention the fendicae, which also are the hirae, 7 which the language of the mob, when it speaks, usually terms ilia; 8 nor, in the same way, the
aerumnae, 9 which are the first part of the gullet, 10 where ruminating animals are accustomed to send down their food and bring it back again; nor the magmenta, 11 augmina, and thousand other kinds of sausages or pottages which you have given unintelligible names to, and have caused to be more revered by common people.
is found in no other passage with this meaning.
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So the edd., reading farciminumfor the ms. facinorum, corrected by Hild. fartorum--"of stuffings." Throughout this passage hardly one of the names of these sacrificial dainties is generally agreed upon; as many are met with nowhere else, the ms. has been adhered to strictly. ↩
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i.e., probably the hirciae: of the others, silicernia seem to have been put on the table at funerals. ↩
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i.e., taeda. ↩
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So Salmasius and Meursius corrected the ms. catillaminu-a-m by omitting a. ↩
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i.e., tail-piece. ↩
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Salsamina, by which is perhaps meant the grits and salt cast on the victim; but if so, Arnobius is at variance with Servius (Virgil, Ecl., viii. 81), who expressly states that these were of spelt mixed only with salt; while there is no trace elsewhere of a different usage. ↩
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The first four edd. retain the unintelligible ms. dirae. ↩
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i.e., the entrails. The ms., first four edd., and Elm. read illa. ↩
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So the ms., LB., Oberthür, Orelli, Hild., and Oehler; but aerumnae ↩
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Lit., "first heads in gullets." ↩
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By this, and the word which follows, we know from the etymology that "offerings" to the gods must be meant, but we know nothing more. ↩