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The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books
Chapter III.--He Retires to the Villa of His Friend Verecundus, Who Was Not Yet a Christian, and Refers to His Conversion and Death, as Well as that of Nebridius.
5. Verecundus was wasted with anxiety at that our happiness, since he, being most firmly held by his bonds, saw that he would lose our fellowship. For he was not yet a Christian, though his wife was one of the faithful; 1 and yet hereby, being more firmly enchained than by anything else, was he held back from that journey which we had commenced. Nor, he declared, did he wish to be a Christian on any other terms than those that were impossible. However, he invited us most courteously to make use of his country house so long as we should stay there. Thou, O Lord, wilt "recompense" him for this "at the resurrection of the just," 2 seeing that Thou hast already given him "the lot of the righteous." 3 For although, when we were absent at Rome, he, being overtaken with bodily sickness, and therein being made a Christian, and one of the faithful, departed this life, yet hadst Thou mercy on him, and not on him only, but on us also; 4 lest, thinking on the exceeding kindness of our friend to us, and unable to count him in Thy flock, we should be tortured with intolerable grief. Thanks be unto Thee, our God, we are Thine. Thy exhortations, consolations, and faithful promises assure us that Thou now repayest Verecundus for that country house at Cassiacum, where from the fever of the world we found rest in Thee, with the perpetual freshness of Thy Paradise, in that Thou hast forgiven him his earthly sins, in that mountain flowing with milk, 5 that fruitful mountain,--Thine own.
6. He then was at that time full of grief; but Nebridius was joyous. Although he also, not being yet a Christian, had fallen into the pit of that most pernicious error of believing Thy Son to be a phantasm, 6 yet, coming out thence, he held the same belief that we did; not as yet initiated in any of the sacraments of Thy Church, but a most earnest inquirer after truth. 7 Whom, not long after our conversion and regeneration by Thy baptism, he being also a faithful member of the Catholic Church, and serving Thee in perfect chastity and continency amongst his own people in Africa, when his whole household had been brought to Christianity through him, didst Thou release from the flesh; and now he lives in Abraham's bosom. Whatever that may be which is signified by that bosom, 8 there lives my Nebridius, my sweet friend, Thy son, O Lord, adopted of a freedman; there he liveth. For what other place could there be for such a soul? There liveth he, concerning which he used to ask me much,--me, an inexperienced, feeble one. Now he puts not his ear unto my mouth, but his spiritual mouth unto Thy fountain, and drinketh as much as he is able, wisdom according to his desire,--happy without end. Nor do I believe that he is so inebriated with it as to forget me, 9 seeing Thou, O Lord, whom he drinketh, art mindful of us. Thus, then, were we comforting the sorrowing Verecundus (our friendship being untouched) concerning our conversion, and exhorting him to a faith according to his condition, I mean, his married state. And tarrying for Nebridius to follow us, which being so near, he was just about to do, when, behold, those days passed over at last; for long and many they seemed, on account of my love of easeful liberty, that I might sing unto Thee from my very marrow. My heart said unto Thee,--I have sought Thy face; "Thy face, Lord, will I seek." 10
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See vi. sec. 1, note, above. ↩
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Luke xiv. 14. ↩
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Ps. cxxv. 2. ↩
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Phil. ii. 27. ↩
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Literally, In monte incaseato, "the mountain of curds," from the Old Ver. of Ps. lxviii. 16. The Vulgate renders coagulatus. But the Authorized Version is nearer the true meaning, when it renders gvnnym, hunched, as "high." The LXX. renders it teturomenos, condensed, as if from gvynh, cheese. This divergence arises from the unused root gvn, to be curved, having derivatives meaning (1) "hunch-backed," when applied to the body, and (2) "cheese" or "curds," when applied to milk. Augustin, in his exposition of this place, makes the "mountain" to be Christ, and parallels it with Isa. ii. 2; and the "milk" he interprets of the grace that comes from Him for Christ's little ones: Ipse est mons incaseatus, propter parvulos gratia tanquam lacte nutriendos. ↩
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See. v. 16, note, above. ↩
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See vi. 17, note 6, above. ↩
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Though Augustin, in his Quaest. Evang. ii. qu. 38, makes Abraham's bosom to represent the rest into which the Gentiles entered after the Jews had put it from them, yet he, for the most part, in common with the early Church (see Serm. xiv. 3; Con. Faust. xxxiii. 5; and Eps. clxiv. 7, and clxxxvii. Compare also Tertullian, De Anima, lviii), takes it to mean the resting-place of the souls of the righteous after death. Abraham's bosom, indeed, is the same as the "Paradise" of Luke xxiii. 43. The souls of the faithful after they are delivered from the flesh are in "joy and felicity" (De Civ. Dei, i. 13, and xiii. 19); but they will not have "their perfect consummation and bliss both in body and soul" until the morning of the resurrection, when they shall be endowed with "spiritual bodies." See note p. 111; and for the difference between the ades of Luke xvi. 23, that is, the place of departed spirits,--into which it is said in the Apostles' Creed Christ descended,--and geenna, or Hell, see Campbell on The Gospels, i. 253. In the A.V. both Greek words are rendered "Hell." ↩
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See sec. 37, note, below. ↩
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Ps. xxvii. 8. ↩
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Les confessions de Saint Augustin
CHAPITRE III. SAINTE MORT DE SES AMIS NEBRIDIUS ET VERECUNDUS.
5. Notre bonheur devenait une sollicitude poignante pour Verecundus, qui, retenu dans le siècle par le lien le plus étroit, se voyait sur le point d’être sevré de notre commerce. Epoux, infidèle encore, d’une chrétienne, sa femme était la plus forte entrave qui le retardât à l’entrée des voies nouvelles; et il ne voulait être chrétien que de la manière dont il ne pouvait l’être.
Mais avec quelle bienveillance il nous offrit sa campagne pour toute la durée de notre séjour! Vous lui en rendrez la récompense, Seigneur, à la résurrection des justes; car une partie de la dette lui est déjà payée. Ce fut en notre absence; nous étions à Rome, quand, atteint d’une maladie grave, il se fit chrétien, et sortit de cette vie avec la foi. Et vous eûtes pitié, non de lui seul, mais de nous encore. C’eût été pour notre coeur une trop cruelle torture, de nous souvenir d’un tel ami .et de sa tendre affection pour nous, sans le compter entre les brebis de votre troupeau.
Grâces à vous, mon Dieu, nous sommes à vous. J’en prends à témoin et vos assistances et vos consolations; ô fidèle prometteur, vous rendrez à Verecundus, en retour de l’hospitalité de Cassiacum, où nous nous reposâmes des tourmentes du siècle, la fraîcheur à jamais verdoyante de votre paradis, car vous lui avez remis ses péchés sur la terre, sur votre montagne, la montagne opime, la montagne féconde ( Ps. LXVII, 16). Telles étaient alors ses anxiétés.
6. Pour Nebridius, il partageait notre joie, quoique n’étant pas encore chrétien, pris au piége d’une pernicieuse erreur qui lui faisait regarder comme un fantôme la vérité de la chair de votre Fils; s’il s’en retirait néanmoins étranger aux sacrements de votre Eglise, il demeurait ardent investigateur de la vérité. Peu de temps après ma conversion et ma renaissance dans le baptême, devenu lui-même fidèle catholique, modèle de continence et de chasteté, il embrassa votre service, en Afrique, parmi les siens; il avait rendu toute sa famille chrétienne, quand vous le délivrâtes de la prison charnelle; et maintenant, il vit au sein d’Abraham! (441)
Quoi qu’on puisse entendre par ce sein ( Voir ce que plus tard saint Augustin pensait du sein d’Abraham, dans le Traité de l’Âme et de son origine, ch. XVI, n. 24) , c’est là qu’il vit, mon Nebridius, mon doux ami; de votre affranchi, devenu votre fils adoptif; c’est là qu’il vit. Et quel autre lieu digne d’une telle âme? II vit au séjour dont il me faisait tant de questions à moi, à moi homme de boue et de misère ! Il n’approche plus son oreille de ma bouche, mais sa bouche spirituelle de votre source, et il se désaltère à loisir dans votre sagesse; éternellement heureux. Et pourtant je ne crois pas qu’il s’enivre là jusques à m’oublier, quand vous, ô Seigneur, vous qu’il boit, conservez mon souvenir.
Voilà où nous en étions; consolant Verecundus attristé de notre conversion, sans nous en moins aimer, et l’exhortant au degré de perfection compatible avec son état, c’est-à-dire la vie conjugale. Nous attendions que Nebridius nous suivit, étant si près de nous, et il allait le faire, lorsqu’enfin ils s’écoulèrent, ces jours qui nous semblaient si nombreux et si longs dans notre impatience de ces libres loisirs, où nous pourrions chanter de tout notre amour : « Mon coeur vous appelle; je cherche « votre visage; Seigneur, je le chercherai toujours (Ps. XXVI, 8). »