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The City of God

Chapter 18.--Of the Perfect Man, that Is, Christ; And of His Body, that Is, The Church, Which is His Fullness.

To understand what the apostle means when he says that we shall all come to a perfect man, we must consider the connection of the whole passage, which runs thus: "He that descended is the same also that ascended up far above all heavens, that He might fill all things. And He gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: till we all come to the unity of the faith and knowledge of the Son of God, to a perfect man, to the measure of the age of the fullness of Christ: that we henceforth be no more children, tossed and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; but, speaking the truth in love, may grow up in Him in all things, which is the Head, even Christ: from whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body, unto the edifying of itself in love." ¹ Behold what the perfect man is--the head and the body, which is made up of all the members, which in their own time shall be perfected. But new additions are daily being made to this body while the Church is being built up, to which it is said, "Ye are the body of Christ and His members;" ² and again, "For His body's sake," he says, "which is the Church;" ³ and again, "We being many are one head, one body." ⁴ It is of the edification of this body that it is here, too, said, "For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edification of the body of Christ;" and then that passage of which we are now speaking is added, "Till we all come to the unity of the faith and knowledge of the Son of God, to a perfect man, to the measure of the age of the fullness of Christ," and so on. And he shows of what body we are to understand this to be the measure, when he says, "That we may grow up into Him in all things, which is the Head, even Christ: from whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part." As, therefore, there is a measure of every part, so there is a measure of the fullness of the whole body which is made up of all its parts, and it is of this measure it is said, "To the measure of the age of the fullness of Christ." This fullness he spoke of also in the place where he says of Christ, "And gave Him to be the Head over all things to the Church, ⁵ which is His body, the fullness of Him that filleth all in all." ⁶ But even if this should be referred to the form in which each one shall rise, what should hinder us from applying to the woman what is expressly said of the man, understanding both sexes to be included under the general term "man?" For certainly in the saying, "Blessed is he who feareth the Lord," ⁷ women also who fear the Lord are included.

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De civitate Dei (CCSL)

Caput XVIII: De uiro perfecto, id est Christo, et corpore eius, id est ecclesia, quae est ipsius plenitudo.

Proinde quod ait apostolus, occursuros nos omnes in uirum perfectum, totius ipsius circumstantiam lectionis considerare debemus, quae ita se habet: qui descendit, inquit, ipse est et qui adscendit super omnes caelos, ut adinpleret omnia. et ipse dedit quosdam quidem apostolos, quosdam autem prophetas, quosdam uero euangelistas, quosdam autem pastores et doctores ad consummationem sanctorum in opus ministerii, in aedificationem corporis Christi, donec occurramus omnes in unitatem fidei et agnitionem filii dei, in uirum perfectum, in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi; ut ultra non simus paruuli iactati et circumlati omni uento doctrinae, in inlusione hominum, in astutia ad machinationem erroris, ueritatem autem facientes in caritate augeamur in illo per omnia, qui est caput Christus; ex quo totum corpus conexum et conpactum per omnem tactum subministrationis secundum operationem in mensuram uniuscuiusque partis incrementum corporis facit in aedificationem sui in caritate. ecce qui est uir perfectus, caput et corpus, quod constat omnibus membris, quae suo tempore conplebuntur, cottidie tamen eidem corpori accedunt, dum aedificatur ecclesia, cui dicitur: uos autem estis corpus Christi et membra, et alibi: pro corpore, inquit, eius quod est ecclesia, itemque alibi: unus panis, unum corpus multi sumus. de cuius corporis aedificatione et hic dictum est: ad consummationem sanctorum in opus ministerii, in aedificationem corporis Christi ac deinde subiectum unde nunc agimus: donec occurramus omnes in unitatem fidei et agnitionem filii dei, in uirum perfectum, in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi, et cetera; donec eadem mensura in quo corpore intellegenda esset, ostenderet dicens: augeamur in illo per omnia, qui est caput Christus; ex quo totum corpus conexum et conpactum per omnem tactum subministrationis secundum operationem in mensuram uniuscuiusque partis. sicut ergo est mensura uniuscuiusque partis, ita totius corporis, quod omnibus suis partibus constat, est utique mensura plenitudinis, de qua dictum est: in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi. quam plenitudinem etiam illo commemorauit loco, ubi ait de Christo: et ipsum dedit caput super omnia ecclesiae, quae est corpus eius, plenitudo eius, qui omnia in omnibus inpletur. uerum si hoc ad resurrectionis formam, in qua erit unusquisque, referendum esset, quid nos inpediret nominato uiro intellegere et feminam, ut uirum pro homine positum acciperemus? sicut in eo quod dictum est: beatus uir qui timet dominum, utique ibi sunt et feminae, quae timent dominum.