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Reply to Faustus the Manichaean

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Faustus said: Why do we not receive the Old Testament? Because when a vessel is full, what is poured on it is not received, but allowed to run over; and a full stomach rejects what it cannot hold. So the Jews, satisfied with the Old Testament, reject the New; and we who have received the New Testament from Christ, reject the Old. You receive both because you are only half filled with each, and the one is not completed, but corrupted by the other. For vessels half filled should not be filled up with anything of a different nature from what they already contain. If it contains wine, it should be filled up with wine, honey with honey, vinegar with vinegar. For to pour gall on honey, or water on wine, or alkalies on vinegar, is not addition, but adulteration. This is why we do not receive the Old Testament. Our Church, the bride of Christ, the poor bride of a rich bridegroom, is content with the possession of her husband, and scorns the wealth of inferior lovers, and despises the gifts of the Old Testament and of its author, and from regard to her own character, receives only the letters of her husband. We leave the Old Testament to your Church, that, like a bride faithless to her spouse, delights in the letters and gifts of another. This lover who corrupts your chastity, the God of the Hebrews in his stone tablets promises you gold and silver, and abundance of food, and the land of Canaan. Such low rewards have tempted you to be unfaithful to Christ, after all the rich dowry bestowed by him. By such attractions the God of the Hebrews gains over the bride of Christ. You must know that you are cheated, and that these promises are false. This God is in poverty and beggary, and cannot do what he promises. For if he cannot give these things to the synagogue, his proper wife, who obeys him in all things like a servant, how can he bestow them on you who are strangers, and who proudly throw off his yoke from your necks? Go on, then, as you have begun, join the new cloth to the old garment, put the new wine in old bottles, serve two masters without pleasing either, make Christianity a monster, half horse and half man; but allow us to serve only Christ, content with his immortal dower, and imitating the apostle who says, "Our sufficiency is of God, who has made us able ministers of the New Testament." ¹ In the God of the Hebrews we have no interest whatever; for neither can he perform his promises, nor do we desire that he should. The liberality of Christ has made us indifferent to the flatteries of this stranger. This figure of the relation of the wife to her husband is sanctioned by Paul, who says: "The woman that has a husband is bound to her husband as long as he liveth; but if her husband die, she is freed from the law of her husband. So, then, if while her husband liveth she be joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; but if her husband be dead, she is not an adulteress, though she be married to another man." ² Here he shows that there is a spiritual adultery in being united to Christ before repudiating the author of the law, and counting him, as it were, as dead. This applies chiefly to the Jews who believe in Christ, and who ought to forget their former superstition. We who have been converted to Christ from heathenism, look upon the God of the Hebrews not merely as dead, but as never having existed, and do not need to be told to forget him. A Jew, when he believes, should regard Adonai as dead; a Gentile should regard his idol as dead; and so with everything that has been held sacred before conversion. One who, after giving up idolatry, worships both the God of the Hebrews and Christ, is like an abandoned woman, who after the death of one husband marries two others.

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Contra Faustum Manichaeum libri triginta tres

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p. 415,21 Faustus dixit: _Quare non accipitis testamentum vetus?_Quia et omne vas plenum superfusa non recipit, sed effundit et stomachus saturus reicit ingesta. Proinde et Iudaei ex praeoccupatione Moyseos testamento vetere satiati respuerunt novum, et nos ex Christi praeventione novo referti respuimus vetus. Vos ideo utrumque accipitis, quia in neutro estis pleni, sed semi, alterumque ex altero in vobis non tam repletur quam corrumpitur, quia et sema vasa numquam de dissimili implentur materia, sed de eadem ac sibi simili, ut vini vino et mellis melle et aceti aceto; quibus ‹si› dissimilia et non sui generis superfundas, ut melli fel et aquam vino et aceto garos, non repletio vocabitur haec, sed adulterium. p. 416,6 Hoc ergo causa est, unde nos parum accipimus testamentum vetus; et quia ecclesia nostra, sponsa Christi, pauperior quidem ei nupta, sed diviti, contenta sit bonis mariti sui, humilium amatorum dedignatur opes, sordent ei testamenti veteris et eius auctoris munera famaeque suae custos diligentissima nisi sponsi sui non accipit litteras. Vestra sane ecclesia usurpet testamentum vetus, quae ut lasciva virgo immemor pudoris alieni viri et muneribus gaudet et litteris. Amator denique ille vester et pudoris corruptor Hebraeorum deus diptychio lapideo suo aurum vobis promittit et argentum, ventris saturitatem et terram Chananaeorum. Hi vos delectaverunt tam sordidi quaestus, ut libeat peccare post Christum, ut sitis ingrati tam immensis dotibus eius. p. 416,19 Haec vos illiciunt, ut in Hebraeorum depereatis deo post nuptias Christi. Discite ergo iam nunc etiam falli vos et decipi falsis promissionibus eius. Pauper est, egenus est, ne ea quidem praestare potest, quae promittit. Nam si suae propriae coniugi, dico autem synagogae, nihil horum praestat, quae pollicetur, et quidem morem gerenti sibi per omnia et servienti summissius quam ancilla, vobis praestare quid poterit alienis ab se et mandatorum suorum detrectantibus iugum superba cervice? Sed vos quidem pergite agere, ut coepistis, rudem pannum veteri vestimento committite, novum vinum veternosis utribus credite, duobus maritis nulli placituri servite, christianam denique fidem Hippocentaurum facite, nec equum perfectum nec hominem! Nobis soli Christo servire permittite, eius tantum immortali dote contentis et imitantibus apostolum, qui dicit: Sufficientia nostra ex deo est, qui nos idoneos probavit ministros novi testamenti. p. 417,9 Hebraeorum dei et nostra admodum diversa condicio est, quia nec ipse, quae promittit, implere potest et nos ea fastidimus accipere. Superbos nos adversus blanditias eius Christi liberalitas fecit. Ac ne incongrue me haec comparasse existimes, Paulus in nos hanc coniugalis disciplinae similitudinem prior contulit dicens: Quae sub viro est mulier, vivente viro alligata est lege viri; si autem mortuus fuerit vir eius, soluta est a lege viri. Ergo vivente viro vocabitur inquit adultera, si iuncta fuerit alteri viro; quodsi mortuus fuerit vir eius, non erit adultera alii coniuncta, p. 417,19 per haec ostendens spiritu moechari eos, qui non ante repudiantes et in mortuis quodam modo ponentes legis auctorem tum demum se copulaverint Christo. Quod dictum ad eos praecipue spectat, qui crediderint ex Iudaeis, videlicet ut ipsi sint primae superstitionis obliti. Nobis vero in hoc quid opus est vel praecepto, quibus ex gentilitate conversis ad Christum Hebraeorum deus non mortuus debet videri, sed nec natus? Sane Iudaeo, si credat, Adoneus debet videri defunctus, gentili vero idolum, et unicuique quod est veneratus ante cognitum Christum. Nam si post idolatriae divortia Hebraeorum quis deum et Christum pariter colat, nihil ille quidem detriti pudoris a femina discrepavit, quae post unius mariti obitum duobus nupserit.