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Contra Celsum

7.

Καίτοι γε βαθύτερον ἐξετάζοντα τὰ πράγματα ἔστιν εἰπεῖν περὶ μὲν τῶν ἐξεληλυθότων ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ὅτι παραδόξως ὁ πᾶς λεὼς οἱονεὶ θεοδώρητον διάλεκτον ἀθρόως ἀνείληφε τὴν καλουμένην ἑβραίαν· ὡς καὶ τῶν παρ' αὐτοῖς τις εἶπε προφητῶν ὅτι «ἐν τῷ ἐξελθεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου γλῶσσαν, ἣν οὐκ ἔγνω, ἤκουσεν». Καὶ οὕτω δὲ κατασκευαστέον ὅτι οὐκ Αἰγύπτιοι ἦσαν οἱ ἐξεληλυθότες μετὰ Μωϋσέως τὴν Αἴγυπτον· εἰ μὲν Αἰγύπτιοι ἦσαν, ἐχρῆν αὐτῶν τὰ ὀνόματα εἶναι αἰγύπτια, ὡς ἑκάστῃ διαλέκτῳ συγγενεῖς εἰσιν αἱ προσηγορίαι· εἰ δ' ἐκ τῶν ὀνομάτων ἑβραϊκῶν ὄντων σαφὲς ὅτι οὐκ Αἰγύπτιοι ἦσαν – πλήρης γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ τῶν ἑβραϊκῶν ὀνομάτων καὶ τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ τοιαῦτα θεμένων τοῖς υἱοῖς – , δῆλον ὅτι ψεῦδος τὸ λεγόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, ὅτι Αἰγύπτιοι ὄντες ἀπηλάθησαν μετὰ Μωϋσέως ἀπὸ τῆς Αἰγύπτου· καὶ σαφῶς ἐναργές ἐστιν ὅτι ἐκ προγόνων ἑβραίων κατὰ τὴν παρὰ Μωϋσεῖ ἀναγραφεῖσαν ἱστορίαν τὸ γένος ἔχοντες <ἰδίᾳ> διαλέκτῳ ἐχρῶντο, ἀφ' ἧς καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τοῖς υἱοῖς ἐτίθεντο.

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Origen Against Celsus

Chapter VII.

In like manner, as the statement is false "that the Hebrews, being (originally) Egyptians, dated the commencement (of their political existence) from the time of their rebellion," so also is this, "that in the days of Jesus others who were Jews rebelled against the Jewish state, and became His followers;" for neither Celsus nor they who think with him are able to point out any act on the part of Christians which savours of rebellion. And yet, if a revolt had led to the formation of the Christian commonwealth, so that it derived its existence in this way from that of the Jews, who were permitted to take up arms in defence of the members of their families, and to slay their enemies, the Christian Lawgiver would not have altogether forbidden the putting of men to death; and yet He nowhere teaches that it is right for His own disciples to offer violence to any one, however wicked. For He did not deem it in keeping with such laws as His, which were derived from a divine source, to allow the killing of any individual whatever. Nor would the Christians, had they owed their origin to a rebellion, have adopted laws of so exceedingly mild a character as not to allow them, when it was their fate to be slain as sheep, on any occasion to resist their persecutors. And truly, if we look a little deeper into things, we may say regarding the exodus from Egypt, that it is a miracle if a whole nation at once adopted the language called Hebrew, as if it had been a gift from heaven, when one of their own prophets said, "As they went forth from Egypt, they heard a language which they did not understand." ¹