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Works Hippolytus of Rome (170-235)

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The Refutation of All Heresies

Chapter XX.--The Heresy of Carpocrates; Wicked Doctrines Concerning Jesus Christ; Practise Magical Arts; Adopt a Metempsychosis.

Carpocrates 1 affirms that the world and the things in it were made by angels, far inferior to the unbegotten Father; and that Jesus was generated of Joseph, and that, having been born similar to (other) men, He was more just than the rest (of the human race). And (Carpocrates asserts) that the soul (of Jesus), inasmuch as it was made vigorous and undefiled, remembered the things seen by it in its converse with the unbegotten God. And (Carpocrates maintains) that on this account there was sent down upon (Jesus) by that (God) a power, in order that through it He might be enabled to escape the world-making (angels). And (he says) that this power, having passed through all, and having obtained liberty in all, again ascended 2 to God (Himself). And (he alleges) that in the same condition with (the soul of Jesus are all the souls) that embrace similar objects of desire with the (power just alluded to). And they assert that the soul of Jesus, (though,) according to law, it was disciplined in Jewish customs, (in reality) despised them. And (he says) that on this account (Jesus) received powers whereby He rendered null and void the passions incidental to men for their punishment. And (he argues), therefore, that the (soul), which, similarly with that soul of Christ, is able to despise the world-making Archons, receives in like manner power for the performance of similar acts. Wherefore, also, (according to Carpocrates, there are persons who) have attained unto such a degree of pride as to affirm some of themselves to be equal to Jesus Himself, whereas others among them to be even still more powerful. But (they also contend) that some enjoy an excellence above the disciples of that (Redeemer), for instance Peter and Paul, and the rest of the Apostles, and that these are in no respect inferior to Jesus. And (Carpocrates asserts) that the souls of these have originated from that supernal power, and that consequently they, as equally despising the world-making (angels), have been deemed worthy of the same power, and (of the privilege) to ascend to the same (place). If, however, any one would despise earthly concerns more than did that (Saviour, Carpocrates says) that such a one would be able to become superior to (Jesus. The followers of this heretic) practise their magical arts and incantations, and spells and voluptuous feasts. And (they are in the habit of invoking the aid of) subordinate demons and dream-senders, and (of resorting to) the rest of the tricks (of sorcery), alleging that they possess power for now acquiring sway over the Archons and makers of this world, nay, even over all the works that are in it.

(Now these heretics) have themselves been sent forth by Satan, for the purpose of slandering before the Gentiles the divine name of the Church. (And the devil's object is,) that men hearing, now after one fashion and now after another, the doctrines of those (heretics), and thinking that all of us are people of the same stamp, may turn away their ears from the preaching of the truth, or that they also, looking, (without abjuring,) upon all the tenets of those (heretics), may speak hurtfully of us. (The followers of Carpocrates) allege that the souls are transferred from body to body, so far as that they may fill up (the measure of) all their sins. When, however, not one (of these sins) is left, (the Carpocratians affirm that the soul) is then emancipated, and departs unto that God above of the world-making angels, and that in this way all souls will be saved. If, however, some (souls), during the presence of the soul in the body for one life, may by anticipation become involved in the full measure of transgressions, they, (according to these heretics,) no longer undergo metempsychosis. (Souls of this sort,) however, on paying off at once all trespasses, will, (the Carpocratians say,) be emancipated from dwelling any more in a body. Certain, likewise, of these (heretics) brand 3 their own disciples in the back parts of the lobe of the right ear. And they make counterfeit images of Christ, alleging that these were in existence at the time (during which our Lord was on earth, and that they were fashioned) by Pilate. 4


  1. See [vol. i. p. 350] Irenaeus, i. 25; [vol. iii. p. 203] Tertullian, De Anima, c. xxiii.-xxv., and Praescript., c. xlviii.; Eusebius, Hist. Ecclesiast., iv. 7, Epiphanius, Haer., xxvii. sec. 2; Theodoret, Haer. Fab., i. 5; and St. Augustine, Haer., c. vii. The entire of this article is taken from Irenaeus, and equally coincides with the account given of Carpocrates by Epiphanius. ↩

  2. Or, "came." ↩

  3. Literally, "cauterize." ↩

  4. Epiphanius alludes in the same manner to these images. ↩

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Widerlegung aller Häresien (BKV)

32.

Karpokrates behauptet, die Welt und was darin sei, sei von Engeln, die tief unter dem ungezeugten Vater ständen, geschaffen worden; Jesus sei aber von Joseph gezeugt worden; er sei zwar ein Mensch gewesen, aber gerechter als die übrigen; seine Seele, stark und rein von ihrer Entstehung an, habe das im Gedächtnis behalten, was sie bei ihrem Zusammensein mit dem unerzeugten Vater gesehen habe, und deswegen sei ihr von ihm eine Kraft gesandt worden, um durch sie den Weltschöpfern zu entgehen; sie sei durch sie alle hindurch gegangen und in allen befreit worden und dann zum Vater emporgestiegen, wie es jede Seele mit gleichem Streben tun kann. Die Seele Jesu sei zwar gesetzmäßig S. 220 in den jüdischen Traditionen erzogen worden, habe sie aber verachtet und deshalb Kräfte erhalten, wodurch sie die Leidenschaften vernichtet habe, die den Menschen zur Strafe sind; die Seele, die nun wie die Seele Christi die weltschaffenden Archonten verachten kann, erhalte Kraft zu gleichem Tun. Es gingen dann manche in ihrem Hochmut so weit, daß sie behaupteten, einige seien Jesu gleich, andere seien in gewisser Hinsicht noch mächtiger, andere wieder noch hervorragender als seine Jünger Petrus und Paulus und die übrigen Apostel; sie stünden in nichts hinter Jesus zurück. Ihre Seelen stammten von der oberen Kraft, und deswegen verachteten sie die Weltschöpfer ebenso; sie würden mit derselben Kraft begnadigt und kämen an denselben Ort; wenn einer aber das Irdische noch mehr verachte als Jesus, so könne er ihn noch übertreffen. Sie bedienen sich der magischen Künste und der Beschwörungen, der Liebestränke und feiern, der Gespenstererscheinungen und der Traumgeister und der übrigen schwarzen Künste, und behaupten dabei, sie hätten die Macht, über die Archonten und Schöpfer der Welt zu herrschen, ja über alle Geschöpfe in ihr; sie sind vom Satan in die Welt gesetzt zur Lästerung des göttlichen Namens der Kirche im Angesicht der Heiden; die Menschen, die ihre Lehren bald so, bald anders vorgetragen hören, meinen, wir seien alle aus demselben Holz, und verschließen ihre Ohren vor der Verkündigung der Wahrheit; ja, wenn sie deren Treiben sehen, lästern sie uns. So lange müßten, so sagen sie, die Seelen durch die Körper wandern, bis sie alle Sünden verübt hätten; wenn aber nichts mehr übrig ist, dann gehe die befreite Seele zu dem über den weltschaffenden Engeln thronenden Gott; auf diese Art würden alle Seelen erlöst. Einige Seelen machen schon bei ihrem ersten Erscheinen eilig alle Sünden durch und wandern dann nicht mehr, sondern sie werden nach Begleichung jeglicher Schuld von weiterer Wanderung befreit. Einige brennen ihren Schülern ein Zeichen an der Rückseite des Ohres ein. Auch verfertigen sie Bilder Christi mit der Angabe, sie seien seinerzeit von Pilatus hergestellt worden.

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The Refutation of All Heresies
Widerlegung aller Häresien (BKV)

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Faculty of Theology, Patristics and History of the Early Church
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

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