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ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΥΡΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

κγʹ.

Ἀθανασίου ἐπισκόπου Ἀλεξανδρείας περὶ τῆς αὐτῆς συνόδου.

Καὶ Ἀθανάσιος δὲ ὁ μέγας ἐν τῇ πρὸς τοὺς Ἄφρους Ἐπιστολῇ τοιαῦτα περὶ τῆς ἐν Ἀριμήνῳ συνόδου διέξεισι·

« Τούτων δὲ οὕτως δεικνυμένων, τίς ἀποδέξεται τοὺς τὴν Ἀρίμηνον ἢ ἄλλην σύνοδον παρὰ τὴν ἐν Νικαίᾳ ὀνομάζοντας; ἢ τίς οὐκ ἂν μισήσειε τοὺς ἀθετοῦντας μὲν τὰ τῶν πατέρων, τὰ δὲ νεώτερα ἐν τῇ Ἀριμήνῳ κατὰ φιλονεικίαν καὶ βίαν συντεθέντα προκρίνοντας; τίς δὲ τούτοις συνελθεῖν ἐθελήσει, ἀνθρώποις μηδὲ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἀποδεχομένοις; οἱ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ἑαυτῶν δέκα που καὶ πλέον, καθὰ προείπαμεν, συνόδοις ἄλλοτε ἄλλα γράφοντες, δῆλοί εἰσιν ἑκάστης αὐτοὶ κατήγοροι γινόμενοι. Πάσχουσι δὲ τοῦτο, οἷον καὶ οἱ τότε τῶν Ἰουδαίων προδόται πεπόνθασιν. Ὡς γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι καταλείψαντες τὴν μόνην πηγὴν τοῦ ζῶντος ὕδατος «ὤρυξαν ἑαυτοῖς λάκκους οἳ οὐ δυνήσονται ὕδωρ συνέχειν» (γέγραπται δὲ τοῦτο παρὰ τῷ προφήτῃ Ἱερεμίᾳ), οὕτως οὗτοι μαχόμενοι πρὸς τὴν οἰκουμενικὴν σύνοδον ὤρυξαν ἑαυτοῖς συνόδους πολλὰς καὶ πᾶσαι κεναὶ παρ´ αὐτοῖς ὡς «δράγμα μὴ ἔχον ἰσχὺν» ἐφάνησαν. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀνεχώμεθα τῶν τὴν Ἀρίμηνον ἢ ἄλλην ὀνομαζόντων σύνοδον παρὰ τὴν ἐν Νικαίᾳ γενομένην. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτοὶ οἱ τὴν Ἀρίμηνον ὀνομάζοντες ἐοίκασι μὴ εἰδέναι τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ πραχθέντα, ἢ γὰρ ἂν ἐσιώπησαν. Οἴδατε γάρ, ἀγαπητοί, μαθόντες καὶ ὑμεῖς παρὰ τῶν ἐλθόντων ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς τὴν Ἀρίμηνον, ὡς Οὐρσάκιος καὶ Οὐάλης Εὐδόξιός τε καὶ Αὐξέντιος (ἐκεῖ δὲ ἦν σὺν αὐτοῖς καὶ Δημόφιλος) καθῃρέθησαν θελήσαντες ἕτερα παρὰ τὰ ἐν Νικαίᾳ γράφειν, ὅτε ἀπαιτηθέντες ἀναθεματίσαι τὴν Ἀρειανὴν αἵρεσιν παρῃτήσαντο καὶ μᾶλλον αὐτῆς ἠθέλησαν εἶναι προστάται. Οἱ δέ γε ἐπίσκοποι, οἱ ἀληθῶς δοῦλοι τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ὀρθῶς πιστεύοντες (ἦσαν δὲ ἐγγύς που διακόσιοι), ἔγραψαν ἀρκεῖσθαι τῇ ἐν Νικαίᾳ μόνῃ καὶ μηδὲν πλέον ἢ ἔλαττον παρ´ ἐκείνην ζητεῖν ἢ φρονεῖν. Ταῦτα καὶ Κωνσταντίῳ δεδηλώκασι, τῷ καὶ τὴν σύνοδον γενέσθαι κελεύσαντι. Ἀλλ´ οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀριμήνῳ καθαιρεθέντες, ἀπελθόντες πρὸς Κωνστάντιον, πεποιήκασιν ὑβρισθῆναι μὲν αὐτούς, ἀπειλὰς δὲ γενέσθαι μὴ ἀνακάμψειν εἰς τὰς ἰδίας παροικίας τοὺς κατ´ αὐτῶν ἀποφηναμένους βίαν τε παθεῖν ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ χειμῶνι, ὥστε τῶν παρ´ αὐτῶν καινοτομουμένων ἀνέχεσθαι.

Εἴπερ οὖν τινες τὴν Ἀρίμηνον ὀνομάζουσι, δεικνύτωσαν πρῶτον τὴν καθαίρεσιν τῶν προειρημένων καὶ ἅπερ ἔγραψαν οἱ ἐπίσκοποι, λέγοντες μηδὲν πλέον ζητεῖν τῶν ἐν Νικαίᾳ παρὰ τῶν πατέρων ὁμολογηθέντων μηδὲ ὀνομάζειν ἄλλην σύνοδον παρ´ ἐκείνην. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν κρύπτουσι, τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ κατὰ βίαν πραχθέντα προβάλλονται. Ἐξ ὧν δείκνυνται τῆς μὲν Ἀρειανῆς αἱρέσεως ὄντες, ἀλλότριοι δὲ τῆς ὑγιαινούσης πίστεως. Καὶ αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν μεγάλην σύνοδον καὶ τὰς παρ´ ἐκείνων ἐάν τις ἀντεξετάζειν ἐκ παραλλήλου ἐθέλοι, εὕροι ἂν τῶν μὲν τὴν θεοσέβειαν, τούτων δὲ τὴν ἀλογίαν. Οἱ ἐν Νικαίᾳ συνελθόντες οὐ καθαιρεθέντες συνῆλθον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡμολόγησαν τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ πατρὸς εἶναι τὸν υἱόν· οὗτοι δέ, καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δεύτερον καθαιρεθέντες καὶ τρίτον ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ Ἀριμήνῳ, γράφειν ἐτόλμησαν μὴ χρῆναι λέγειν οὐσίαν ἢ ὑπόστασιν ἔχειν τὸν θεόν. »

Κατὰ μὲν δὴ τὴν Ἑσπέραν παρὰ τῶν Ἀρείου θιασωτῶν τοιαῦτα καὶ τοσαῦτα κατὰ τῶν τῆς ἀληθείας δογμάτων κατεσκευάσθη σοφίσματά τε καὶ μηχανήματα.

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The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)

Chapter XXV. Of the causes which separated the Eunomians from the Arians.

Eunomius in his writings praises Aetius, styles him a man of God, and honours him with many compliments. Yet he was at that time closely associated with the party by whom Aetius had been repudiated, and to them he owed his election to his bishopric.

Now the followers of Eudoxius and Acacius, who had assented to the decrees put forth at Nice in Thrace, already mentioned in this history, appointed other bishops in the churches of the adherents of Basilius and Eleusius in their stead. On other points I think it superfluous to write in detail. I purpose only to relate what concerns Eunomius.

For when Eunomius had seized on the see of Cyzicus in the lifetime of Eleusius, Eudoxius urged him to hide his opinions and not make them known to the party who were seeking a pretext to persecute him. Eudoxius was moved to offer this advice both by his knowledge that the diocese was sound in the faith and his experience of the anger manifested by Constantius against the party who asserted the only begotten Son of God to be a created being. “Let us” said he to Eunomius “bide our time; when it comes we will preach what now we are keeping dark; educate the ignorant; and win over or compel or punish our opponents.” Eunomius, yielding to these suggestions, propounded his impious doctrine under the shadow of obscurity. Those of his hearers who had been nurtured on the divine oracles saw clearly that his utterances concealed under their surface a foul fester of error. ¹

But however distressed they were they considered it less the part of prudence than of rashness to make any open protest, so they assumed a mask of heretical heterodoxy, and paid a visit to the bishop at his private residence with the earnest request that he would have regard to the distress of men borne hither and thither by different doctrines, and would plainly expound the truth. Eunomius thus emboldened declared the sentiments which he secretly held. The deputation then went on to remark that it was unfair and indeed quite wrong for the whole of his diocese to be prevented from having their share of the truth. By these and similar arguments he was induced to lay bare his blasphemy in the public assemblies of the church. Then his opponents hurried with angry fervour to Constantinople; first they indicted him before Eudoxius, and when Eudoxius refused to see them, sought an audience of the emperor and made lamentation over the ruin their bishop was wreaking among them. “The sermons of Eunomius,” they said, “are more impious than the blasphemies of Arius.” The wrath of Constantius was roused, and he commanded Eudoxius to send for Eunomius, and, on his conviction, to strip him of his bishopric. Eudoxius, of course, though again and again importuned by the accusers, continued to delay taking action. Then once more they approached the emperor with vociferous complaints that Eudoxius had not obeyed the imperial commands in any single particular, and was perfectly indifferent to the delivery of an important city to the blasphemies of Eunomius. Then said Constantius to Eudoxius, if you do not fetch Eunomius and try him, and on conviction of the charges brought against him, punish him, I shall exile you. This threat frightened Eudoxius, so he wrote to Eunomius to escape from Cyzicus, and told him he had only himself to blame because he had not followed the hints given him. Eunomius accordingly withdrew in alarm, but he could not endure the disgrace, and endeavoured to fix the guilt of his betrayal on Eudoxius, maintaining that both he and Aetius had been cruelly treated. And from that time he set up a sect of his own for all the men who were of his way of thinking and condemned his betrayal, separated from Eudoxius and joined with Eunomius, whose name they bear up to this day. So Eunomius became the founder of a heresy, and added to the blasphemy of Arius by his own peculiar guilt. He set up a sect of his own because he was a slave to his ambition, as the facts distinctly prove. For when Aetius was condemned and exiled, Eunomius P. 91 refused to accompany him, though he called him his master and a man of God, but remained closely associated with Eudoxius.

But when his turn came he paid the penalty of his iniquity; he did not submit to the vote of the synod, but began to ordain bishops and presbyters, though himself deprived of his episcopal rank. These then were the deeds done at Constantinople.