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ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΥΡΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

ζʹ.

Ὁπόσα καὶ ὁποῖα κατὰ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐτόλμησαν Ἕλληνες παρ´αὐτοῦ λαβόντες τὴν ἐξουσίαν.

Ὁποῖα δὲ οἱ τῇ τῶν εἰδώλων ἀπάτῃ προσδεδεμένοι κατ´ ἐκεῖνον ἐτόλμησαν τὸν καιρόν, πάμπολλα μέν ἐστι καὶ συγγραφῆς ἰδίας δεόμενα· ἐγὼ δὲ ὀλίγα ἐκ πολλῶν διηγήσομαι. Ἐν Ἀσκάλωνι μὲν γὰρ καὶ Γάζῃ (πόλεις δὲ αὗται τῆς Παλαιστίνης) ἀνδρῶν ἱερωσύνης ἠξιωμένων καὶ γυναικῶν διὰ βίου τὴν παρθενίαν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀναρρήξαντες τὰς γαστέρας, εἶτα κριθῶν ἐμπλήσαντες, προὔθηκαν χοίροις βοράν. Ἐν Σεβαστῇ δὲ (καὶ αὕτη δὲ εἰς τὸ προειρημένον ἔθνος τελεῖ) Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ τὴν θήκην ἀνέῳξαν πυρί τε παρέδοσαν τὰ ὀστᾶ καὶ τὴν κόνιν ἐσκέδασαν. Τὸ δὲ ἐν Φοινίκῃ τολμηθὲν μύσος πῶς ἄν τις ἀδακρυτὶ διηγήσαιτο; ἐν Ἡλιουπόλει γὰρ τῇ πρὸς τῷ Λιβάνῳ Κύριλλός τις διάκονος ἦν. Οὗτος ἐν τῇ Κωνσταντίνου βασιλείᾳ ζήλῳ πυρπολούμενος θείῳ πολλὰ τῶν ἐκεῖ προσκυνουμένων εἰδώλων συνέτριψε. Ταύτης μεμνημένοι τῆς πράξεως οἱ δυσώνυμοι οὐ μόνον αὐτὸν ἀνεῖλον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν γαστέρα τεμόντες τοῦ ἥπατος ἀπεγεύσαντο. Τὸν μέντοι πάντα ἐφορῶντα ὀφθαλμὸν οὐ διέφυγον, ἀλλ´ ἔδοσαν ἀξίας τοῦ τολμήματος δίκας. ὅσοι γὰρ δὴ ἐκείνου τοῦ μύσους μετέλαχον ἐστερήθησαν μὲν τῶν ὀδόντων πάντων κατὰ ταὐτὸν ἐκπεπτωκότων, ἐστερήθησαν δὲ γλωττῶν· διέρευσαν γὰρ καὶ αὗται σηπεδόνι περιπεσοῦσαι· ἀφῃρέθησαν δὲ καὶ τὸ βλέπειν καὶ διὰ τῶν παθημάτων ἐκήρυττον τῆς εὐσεβείας τὴν δύναμιν. Ἐν Ἐμέσῃ δὲ τῇ ὁμόρῳ πόλει Διονύσῳ τῷ γύννιδι τὴν νεόδμητον ἀφιέρωσαν ἐκκλησίαν, τὸ καταγέλαστον καὶ ἀνδρόγυνον ἐν αὐτῇ ἱδρύσαντες ἄγαλμα. Ἐν Δοροστόλῳ δὲ (πόλις δὲ αὕτη τῆς Θρᾴκης ἐπίσημος) Αἰμιλιανὸς ὁ νικηφόρος ἀγωνιστὴς ὑπὸ Καπετωλίνου τοῦ τῆς Θρᾴκης ἁπάσης ἄρχοντος παρεδόθη πυρί.

Τὸ δέ γε Μάρκου τοῦ Ἀρεθουσίων ἐπισκόπου δρᾶμα τῆς Αἰσχύλου καὶ Σοφοκλέους μεγαληγορίας δεῖται, ἵν´ ἀξίως τὰ ἐκείνου τραγῳδήσωσι πάθη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὗτος ἐν τοῖς Κωνσταντίου καιροῖς εἰδωλικόν τινα καταλύσας σηκὸν ἐκκλησίαν ἐδείματο, τὸν Ἰουλιανοῦ μεμαθηκότες Ἀρεθούσιοι σκοπὸν ἐγύμνωσαν τὴν δυσμένειαν. Ὁ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἀποδρᾶναι κατὰ τὸν εὐαγγελικὸν ἐπειράθη νόμον· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἔγνω τῶν ὑπ´ αὐτὸν ἀντ´ αὐτοῦ συνειλῆφθαί τινας, ἐπανῆκέ τε καὶ ἑαυτὸν τοῖς μιαιφόνοις ἐξέδωκεν. Οἱ δὲ λαβόντες οὔτε ᾤκτειραν ὡς πρεσβύτην οὔτε ᾐδέσθησαν ὡς ἀρετῆς φροντιστήν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βίῳ καὶ λόγῳ τὸν ἄνδρα κοσμούμενον πρῶτον μὲν ᾐκίσαντο, τὸ σῶμα γυμνώσαντες καὶ τοῖς μέλεσιν ἅπασιν ἐπιθέντες τὰς μάστιγας· εἶτα εἰς ὑπονόμους δυσώδεις ἐμβαλόντες κἀκεῖθεν ἀναγαγόντες τῷ πλήθει τῶν μειρακίων παρέδοσαν, ἀφειδῶς αὐτὸν κατακεντεῖν ταῖς γραφίσι κελεύσαντες. Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα εἰς γύργαθον ἐμβαλόντες καὶ γάρῳ καὶ μέλιτι χρίσαντες, ὑπαίθριον ᾐώρησαν ἐν θέρους ἀκμῇ, σφῆκας ὁμοῦ καὶ μελίττας εἰς θοίνην προκαλούμενοι. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔδρων, δυοῖν θάτερον ἀναγκάζοντες, ἢ τὸν σηκὸν τὸν καταλυθέντα δομήσασθαι ἢ τὴν τῆς οἰκοδομίας ἐκτῖσαι δαπάνην. Ὁ δὲ τῶν μὲν χαλεπῶν ἐκείνων παθημάτων ἠνείχετο, δράσειν δὲ τῶν προτεινομένων οὐδὲν ἐπηγγέλλετο. Ἐκεῖνοι δὲ διὰ πενίαν αὐτὸν μὴ παρέχειν ὑπειληφότες τὰ χρήματα, τὰ μὲν ἡμίση τῶν προταθέντων ἠφίεσαν, τἄλλα δὲ ἐκτίνειν ἐκέλευον· ὁ δὲ ἐξηρτημένος καὶ ὑπό τε τῶν γραφίδων κεντούμενος ὑπό τε τῶν σφηκῶν καὶ τῶν μελιττῶν ἐσθιόμενος, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐδήλου τὰς ἀλγηδόνας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπετώθαζε τοῖς ἀνοσίοις καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοὺς μὲν εἶναι χαμαιζήλους καὶ περιγείους, ἑαυτὸν δὲ ὑψηλὸν καὶ μετέωρον. Τέλος δὲ βραχύ τι μόριον τῶν χρημάτων ἐξῄτησαν· ὁ δὲ ἴσον εἰς ἀσέβειαν ἔφη τὸ ὀβολὸν γοῦν ἕνα δοῦναι τῷ πάντα δοῦναι. Οὕτως ἡττηθέντες ἀπέλυσαν, ὑπεραγασθέντες τὴν καρτερίαν καὶ διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων εἰς τἀναντία μετατεθέντες. Διὰ γὰρ τῆς ἐκείνου γλώττης μετέμαθον τὴν εὐσέβειαν.

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The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)

Chapter XIV. Of Artemius the Duke. Of Publia the Deaconess and her divine boldness.

¹ Artemius ² commanded the troops in Egypt. He had obtained this command in the time of Constantine, and had destroyed most of the idols. For this reason Julian not only confiscated his property but ordered his decapitation.

These and like these were the deeds of the man whom the impious describe as the mildest and least passionate of men.

I will now include in my history the noble story of a right excellent woman, for even women, armed with divine zeal, despised the mad fury of Julian.

In those days there was a woman named Publia, of high reputation, and illustrious for deeds of virtue. For a short time she wore the yoke of marriage, and had offered its most goodly fruit to God, for from this fair soil sprang John, who for a long time was chief presbyter at Antioch, and was often elected to the apostolic see, but from time to time declined the dignity. She maintained a company of virgins vowed to virginity for life, and spent her time in praising God who had made and saved her. One day the emperor was passing by, and as they esteemed the Destroyer an object of contempt and derision, they struck up all the louder music, chiefly chanting those psalms which mock the helplessness of idols, and saying in the words of David “The idols of the nations are of silver and gold, the work of men’s hands,” ³ and after describing their insensibility, they added “like them be they that make them and all those that trust in them.” ⁴P. 103 Julian heard them, and was very angry, and told them to hold their peace while he was passing by. She did not however pay the least attention to his orders, but put still greater energy into their chaunt, and when the emperor passed by again told them to strike up “Let God arise and let his enemies be scattered.” ⁵ On this Julian in wrath ordered the choir mistress to be brought before him; and, though he saw that respect was due to her old age, he neither compassionated her gray hairs, nor respected her high character, but told some of his escort to box both her ears, and by their violence to make her cheeks red. She however took the outrage for honour, and returned home, where, as was her wont, she kept up her attack upon him with her spiritual songs, ⁶ just as the composer and teacher of the song laid the wicked spirit that vexed Saul.