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The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)
Chapter XXVII. Of the piety of the emperor Arcadius and the ordination of John Chrysostom.
On the death at Constantinople of Nectarius, bishop of that see, Arcadius, who had succeeded to the Eastern empire, summoned John, the great luminary of the world. He had heard that he was numbered in the ranks of the presbyterate, and now issued orders to the assembled bishops to confer on him divine grace, and appoint him shepherd of that mighty city. 1
This fact is alone sufficient to show the emperor’s care for divine things. At the same time the see of Antioch was held by Flavianus, and that of Laodicea by Elpidius, who had formerly been the comrade of the great Meletius, and had received the impress of his life and conversation more plainly than wax takes the impression of a seal ring. 2
He succeeded the great Pelagius; 3 and the divine Marcellus 4 was followed by the illustrious Agapetus 5 whom I have already described as conspicuous for high ascetic virtue. In the time of the tempest of heresy, of Seleucia ad Taurum, Maximus, 6 the companion of the great John, was bishop, and of Mopsuestia Theodorus, 7 both illustrious teachers. Conspicuous, too, in wisdom and character was the holy Acacius, 8 bishop of Berœa.
Leontius, 9 a shining example of many virtues, tended the flock of the Galatians.
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Nectarius died in Sept. 397, and John Chrysostom was appointed in Feb. 398. cf. Soc. vi. 2 and Soz. viii. 2. “The only difficulty lay with Chrysostom himself and the people of Antioch. The double danger of a decided ‘nolo episcopari’ on Chrysostom’s part, and of a public commotion when the Antiocheans heard of the intention of robbing them of their favourite preacher was overcome by stratagem. Asterius, the Comes Orientis, in accordance with instructions received from Eutropius, induced Chrysostom to accompany him to a martyr’s chapel outside the city walls. There he was apprehended by the officers of the government, and conveyed to Papae, the first post station on the road to Constantinople. His remonstrances were unheeded; his enquiries met with obstinate silence. Placed in a public chariot, and hurried on under a military escort from stage to stage, the 800 miles traversed with the utmost dispatch, the future bishop reached his imperial see a closely guarded prisoner. However unwelcome the dignity thrust on him was, Chrysostom, knowing that resistance was useless, felt it more dignified to submit without further struggle.” “Chrysostom was consecrated February 26th a.d. 398, in the presence of a vast multitude assembled not only to witness the ceremony but also to listen to the inaugural sermon of one of whose eloquence they had heard so much. This ‘sermo enthronisticus’ is lost.” Dict. Christ. Biog. s.v. “Chrysostom.” ↩
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Elpidius, possibly a kind of domestic chaplain ( σύσκηνος ) to Meletius, was afterwards a warm friend and advocate of Chrysostom. In 406 he was deposed and imprisoned for three years, and not restored till 414. ↩
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Vide note on p. 115. ↩
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Marcellus was bishop of Apamea. ↩
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Succeeded his brother Marcellus in 398. cf. note on p. 128 and Relig. Hist. 3. ↩
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Soc. vi. 3; Soz. viii, 2. ↩
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Vide p. 159. ↩
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Vide p. 128. ↩
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Of Ancyra cf. Soz. vi, 18; and viii, 30. ↩
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ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΥΡΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ
ιʹ.
Συνοδικὸν Δαμάσου ἐπισκόπου Ῥώμης κατὰ Ἀπολιναρίου καὶ Τιμοθέου γραφέν.
"Ἐπιστολὴ Δαμάσου ἐπισκόπου Ῥώμης.
Ὅτι τῇ ἀποστολικῇ καθέδρᾳ τὴν ὀφειλομένην αἰδῶ ἡ ἀγάπη ὑμῶν ἀπονέμει, ἑαυτοῖς τὸ πλεῖστον παρέχεσθε, υἱοὶ τιμιώτατοι. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ τὰ μάλιστα ἐν τῇ ἁγίᾳ ἐκκλησίᾳ, ἐν ᾗ ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος καθεζόμενος ἐδίδαξε πῶς προσήκει ἡμᾶς τοὺς οἴακας ἰθύνειν οὓς "ἀνεδεξάμεθα, ὅμως ὁμολογοῦμεν ἑαυτοὺς ἐλάττονας εἶναι τῆς τιμῆς. Ἀλλὰ διὰ τοῦτο οἵῳ δή ποτε τρόπῳ σπουδάζομεν εἴ πως δυνηθείημεν πρὸς τὴν δόξαν τῆς μακαριότητος αὐτοῦ παραγενέσθαι. Γινώσκετε τοίνυν ὅτι τὸν πάλαι Τιμόθεον τὸν βέβηλον, τὸν μαθη τὴν τοῦ Ἀπολιναρίου τοῦ αἱρετικοῦ, μετὰ τοῦ ἀσεβοῦς αὐτοῦ δόγματος καθείλομεν, καὶ οὐδαμῶς πιστεύομεν αὐτοῦ τὰ λείψανα λόγῳ τινὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἰσχύειν. Εἰ δ' ἔτι ἐκεῖνος ὁ ὄφις ὁ παλαιός, ἅπαξ καὶ δεύτερον καταδηχθείς, πρὸς ἰδίαν τιμωρίαν ἀναζῇ, ὅστις ἐκτὸς τῆς ἐκκλησίας ὑπάρχει, ὃς σφῆλαι τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ θανατηφόροις φαρμάκοις τινὰς ἀπίστους διαπειράζων οὐ παύεται, ταύτην ὥσπερ φθοράν τινα ἐκκλίνατε. Ὅμως ὑμεῖς μεμνημένοι τῆς ἀποστολικῆς πίστεως, ταύτης μάλιστα ἥτις ἐν Νικαίᾳ παρὰ τῶν πατέρων ἐγγράφως ἐξετέθη, βεβαίῳ βαθμῷ ἰσχυρῶς τῇ πίστει ἀμετακίνητοι διαμείνατε· καὶ μὴ ματαιολογίας καὶ ἠφανισμένας ζητήσεις κατὰ ταύτης ὑπομείνητε ἀκούειν τοὺς κληρικοὺς ἢ τοὺς λαϊκοὺς ὑμῶν. ἤδη γὰρ ἅπαξ τύπον ἐδώκαμεν, ἵνα ὁ γινώσκων ἑαυτὸν Χριστιανὸν ἐκεῖνο φυλάττοι ὅπερ παρὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων παρεδόθη, λέγοντος τοῦ ἁγίου Παύλου· εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρ' ὃ παρελάβετε, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω .
Ὁ γὰρ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων διὰ τοῦ ἰδίου πάθους πληρεστάτην ἀπέδωκε τὴν σωτηρίαν, ἵνα ὅλον τὸν ἄνθρωπον ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἐνεχόμενον πάσης ἁμαρτίας ἐλευθερώσῃ. Τοῦτον εἴ τις ἤτοι ἀνθρωπότητος ἢ θεότητος ἔλαττον ἐσχηκέναι εἴποι, πνεύματος διαβόλου πεπληρωμένος τῆς γεέννης υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀποδείκνυσι. Τί τοίνυν πάλιν παρ' ἐμοῦ ζητεῖτε τὴν καθαίρεσιν Τιμοθέου; ὃς καὶ ἐνταῦθα κρίσει τῆς ἀποστολικῆς καθέδρας, παρόντος καὶ Πέτρου τοῦ ἐπισκόπου τῆς Ἀλεξανδρέων πόλεως, καθῃρέθη ἅμα τῷ διδασκάλῳ αὐτοῦ Ἀπολιναρίῳ, ὃς καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως τὰς ὀφειλομένας τιμωρίας καὶ βασάνους ὑπομενεῖ. Εἰ δέ τινας κουφοτέρους πείθει ἐκεῖνος, ὥς τινα ἐλπίδα ἔχων ὅστις τὴν ἀληθῆ ἐλπίδα τὴν εἰς Χριστὸν τῇ ὁμολογίᾳ μετέβαλε, μετὰ τούτου ὁμοίως ἀπολεῖται ὅστις δή ποτε βούλεται τῷ κανόνι τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀντιπαλαῖσαι. Ὁ θεὸς ὑμᾶς ὑγιαίνοντας διαφυλάττοι, υἱοὶ τιμιώτατοι."
Καὶ ἄλλα δέ τινα συναθροισθέντες ἐν τῇ μεγάλῃ Ῥώμῃ γεγράφασι κατὰ διαφόρων αἱρέσεων, ἅπερ ἀναγκαῖον ᾠήθην ἐνθεῖναι τῇ συγγραφῇ.