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Against Hermogenes
Chapter I.--The Opinions of Hermogenes, by the Prescriptive Rule of Antiquity Shown to Be Heretical. Not Derived from Christianity, But from Heathen Philosophy. Some of the Tenets Mentioned.
We are accustomed, for the purpose of shortening argument, 1 to lay down the rule against heretics of the lateness of their date. 2 For in as far as by our rule, priority is given to the truth, which also foretold that there would be heresies, in so far must all later opinions be prejudged as heresies, being such as were, by the more ancient rule of truth, predicted as (one day) to happen. Now, the doctrine of Hermogenes has this 3 taint of novelty. He is, in short, 4 a man living in the world at the present time; by his very nature a heretic, and turbulent withal, who mistakes loquacity for eloquence, and supposes impudence to be firmness, and judges it to be the duty of a good conscience to speak ill of individuals. 5 Moreover, he despises God's law in his painting, 6 maintaining repeated marriages, 7 alleges the law of God in defence of lust, 8 and yet despises it in respect of his art. 9 He falsifies by a twofold process--with his cautery and his pen. 10 He is a thorough adulterer, both doctrinally and carnally, since he is rank indeed with the contagion of your marriage-hacks, 11 and has also failed in cleaving to the rule of faith as much as the apostle's own Hermogenes. 12 However, never mind the man, when it is his doctrine which I question. He does not appear to acknowledge any other Christ as Lord, 13 though he holds Him in a different way; but by this difference in his faith he really makes Him another being,--nay, he takes from Him everything which is God, since he will not have it that He made all things of nothing. For, turning away from Christians to the philosophers, from the Church to the Academy and the Porch, he learned there from the Stoics how to place Matter (on the same level) with the Lord, just as if it too had existed ever both unborn and unmade, having no beginning at all nor end, out of which, according to him, 14 the Lord afterwards created all things.
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Compendii gratia. [The reference here to the De Praescript. forbids us to date this tract earlier than 207 a.d. Of this Hermogenes, we only know that he was probably a Carthaginian, a painter, and of a versatile and clever mind.] ↩
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This is the criterion prescribed in the Praescript. Haeret.xxxi. xxxiv., and often applied by Tertullian. See our Anti-Marcion, pp. 272, 345, 470, and passim. ↩
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The tam novella is a relative phrase, referring to the fore-mentioned rule. ↩
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Denique. ↩
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Maldicere singuiis. ↩
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Probably by painting idols (Rigalt.; and so Neander). ↩
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It is uncertain whether Tertullian means to charge Hermogenes with defending polygamy, or only second marriages, in the phrase nubit assidue. Probably the latter, which was offensive to the rigorous Tertullian; and so Neander puts it. ↩
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Quoting Gen. i. 28, "Be fruitful and multiply" (Rigalt.). ↩
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Disregarding the law when it forbids the representation of idols. (Rigalt.). ↩
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Et cauterio et stilo. The former instrument was used by the encaustic painters for burning in the wax colours into the ground of their pictures (Westropp's Handbook of Archaeology, p. 219). Tertullian charges Hermogenes with using his encaustic art to the injury of the scriptures, by practically violating their precepts in his artistic works; and with using his pen (stilus) in corrupting the doctrine thereof by his heresy. ↩
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By the nubentium contagium, Tertullian, in his Montanist rigour, censures those who married more than once. ↩
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2 Tim. i. 15. ↩
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Thus differing from Marcion. ↩
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The force of the subjunctive, ex qua fecerit. ↩
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Contre Hermogène
I.
Nous avons coutume d'opposer aux hérétiques, comme argument abrégé, la prescription de la postériorité. En effet, de ce que la règle de la vérité qui, même déclara d'avance qu'il y aurait des hérésies, est venue la première, il sort la présomption que les doctrines de l'hérésie sont postérieures, puisqu'elles étaient annoncées d'avance par la règle de la vérité qui les précéda. Or, la doctrine d'Hermogène est née d'hier, c'est un homme de notre temps qui vit au milieu de nous. Son génie inquiet le destinait naturellement à l'hérésie. Il se croit éloquent, parce qu'il parle beaucoup; son impudeur, il la décore du nom de fermeté, et dire du mal de tout le monde, il l'appelle l'office d'une conscience vertueuse. Ajoutez à cela qu'il peint d'une manière illicite1, et qu'il réitère le mariage; d'un côté, faisant servir la loi de Dieu au profit de la passion; de l'autre, la méprisant dans les pratiques de son art; deux fois faussaire, ici en cautérisant les consciences, là en mutilant les Ecritures; adultère depuis les pieds jusqu'à la tête, et dans sa doctrine et dans sa chair, puisqu'il s'est associé à la contagion de ceux qui réitèrent le mariage, et que l'apostolique Hermogène lui-même n'a pas persévéré dans sa discipline. Mais qu'importe la personne? Je n'ai affaire qu'à la doctrine. Il ne semble pas qu'il reconnaisse un Seigneur Jésus-Christ différent du nôtre. Toutefois, il le fait autre qu'il le reconnaît; que dis-je? il enlève à Dieu tout ce qu'il est, en ne voulant pas qu'il ail créé de rien l'universalité des êtres. En effet, après être passé des Chrétiens aux philosophes, de l'Eglise à l'Académie et au Portique, voilà qu'il s'avise d'établir avec les Stoïciens une Matière, contemporaine du Seigneur, puisqu'elle a toujours été, n'ayant jamais pris naissance, n'ayant jamais été faite, sans commencement ainsi que sans fin, et dont le Seigneur se serait ensuite servi pour disposer toutes choses.
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On lui reprochait de peindre les images des faux dieux. ↩