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Works Augustine of Hippo (354-430) Confessiones

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Les confessions de Saint Augustin

CHAPITRE IV. SON ENTHOUSIASME A LA LECTURE. DES PSAUMES.

7. Enfin le jour arriva où j’allais être de fait libre de ma profession, comme déjà je l’étais en esprit. Et je fus libre. Et le Seigneur affranchit ma langue comme il avait affranchi mon coeur. Et je vous bénissais avec joie en allant à cette villa avec tout ce qui m’était cher. Comment j’y employai des études déjà consacrées à votre service, mais qui, dans cette halte soudaine, soufflaient encore la superbe de l’école, c’est ce que témoignent les livres de mes conférences dans l’intimité (Voy. Rétract. Ch. I, II, III, IV), et de mes entretiens solitaires en votre présence, et les lettres que j’écrivais à Nebridius absent. Mais le temps suffirait-il à rappeler toutes les grâces dont vous nous avez alors comblés? Et puis il me tarde de passer à des objets plus importante.

Ma mémoire me rappelle à vous, Seigneur, et il m’est doux de vous confesser par quels aiguillons intérieurs vous m’avez dompté, comment vous m’avez aplani en abaissant les montagnes et les collines de mes pensées, comment vous avez redressé mes voies obliques et adouci mes aspérités, et comment vous avez soumis Alypius, le frère de mon coeur, au nom de votre Fils unique, Notre-Seigneur et Sauveur Jésus-Christ, dont son dédain repoussait le nom de nos écrits. Il aimait mieux y respirer l’odeur des cèdres de la philosophie, déjà brisés en moi par le Seigneur, que l’humble végétation de l’Eglise, ces herbes salutaires, mortelles aux serpents.

8. Quels élans, mon Dieu, m’emportaient vers vous, en lisant les psaumes de David, cantiques fidèles, hymnes de piété qui bannissent l’esprit d’orgueil; novice à l’amour pur, je partageais les loisirs de ma retraite avec Alypius, catéchumène comme moi, et avec ma mère, qui ne pouvait me quitter, femme ayant la foi d’un homme, et, avec le calme de l’âge, la charité d’une mère, la piété d’une chrétienne.

De quels élans m’emportaient vers vous ces psaumes, et de quelle flamme ils me consumaient pour vous! Et je brûlais de les chanter à toute la terre, s’il était possible, pour anéantir l’orgueil du genre humain! Et ne se chantent-ils pas par toute la terre? et qui peut se dérober à votre chaleur (Ps. XVIII, 7)?

Quelle violente et douloureuse indignation m’exaltait contre les Manichéens, et quelle commisération m’inspiraient leur ignorance de ces mystères, de ces divins remèdes, et le délire de leur fureur contre l’antidote qui leur eût rendu la raison ! J’eusse voulu qu’ils se fussent trouvés là, près de moi et m’écoutant à mon insu, observant et ma face et ma voix, quand je lisais le psaume quatrième, et ce que ce psaume faisait de moi: « Je vous ai invoqué, et vous m’avez entendu, Dieu de ma justice; j’étais dans la tribulation, et vous m’avez dilaté; ayez pitié de moi, Seigneur, exaucez ma prière.» Que n’étaient-ils là, m’écoutant, mais à mon insu, pour qu’ils n’eussent pas lieu de croire que ce fût à eux que s’adressaient tous les traits dont j’entrecoupais ces paroles! Et puis j’eusse autrement parlé, me sentant écouté et vu; et, quand j’eusse parlé de même, ils n’eussent pas accueilli ma parole comme elle partait en moi et pour moi, sous vos yeux, de la tendre familiarité du coeur.

9. Je frissonnais d’épouvante, et j’étais enflammé d’espérance, et je tressaillais vers votre (442) miséricorde, ô Père! Et mon âme sortait par mes yeux et ma voix, quand, s’adressant à nous, votre Esprit d’amour nous dit: «Fils des hommes, jusques à quand ces coeurs appesantis? Pourquoi aimez-vous la vanité, et cherchez-vous le mensonge ? » N’avais-je pas aimé la vanité? n’avais-je pas cherché le mensonge? Et cependant, Seigneur, vous aviez exalté déjà votre Saint, le ressuscitant des morts, et le plaçant à votre droite (Marc, XII, 19),d’où il devait faire descendre le Consolateur promis, l’Esprit de vérité ( Jean, XIV, 16-17); et déjà il l’avait envoyé ( Act. II, 1-4); mais je ne le savais pas.

Il l’avait envoyé, parce qu’il était déjà glorifié, ressuscité des morts et monté au ciel. « Car, avant la gloire de Jésus, l’Esprit n’était pas encore donné ( Jean, VII, 39).» Et le Prophète s’écrie: Jusques à quand ces coeurs appesantis? « Pourquoi aimez-vous la vanité, et cherchez-vous le mensonge? Apprenez donc que le « Seigneur a exalté son Saint. » Il s’écrie : Jusques à quand? Il s’écrie: Apprenez! —Et moi, dans ma longue ignorance, j’ai aimé la vanité, j’ai cherché le mensonge ! C’est pourquoi j’écoutais en frémissant, je me souvenais d’avoir été un de ceux que ces paroles accusent. J’avais pris pour la vérité ces fantômes de vanité et de mensonge. Et quels accents, forts et profonds, retentissaient dans ma mémoire endolorie! Oh! que n’ont-ils été entendus de ceux qui aiment encore la vanité et cherchent le mensonge! Peut-être en eussent-ils été troublés, peut-être eussent-ils vomi leur erreur; et vous eussiez exaucé les cris de leur coeur élevés jusqu’à vous; car c’est de la vraie mort de la chair qu’est mort Celui qui intercède pour nous.

10. Et puis je lisais: « Entrez en fureur, mais sans pécher. » Et combien étais-je touché de ces paroles, ô mon Dieu, moi qui avais appris à m’emporter contre mon passé pour dérober au péché mon avenir? Et de quel juste emportement, puisque ce n’était point une autre nature, race de ténèbres, qui péchait en moi, comme le prétendent ceux qui « thésaurisent contre eux la colère, pour ce jour de colère où la justice sera révélée (Rom. II, 5). »

Et mes biens n’étaient plus au dehors, et ce n’était plus dans ce soleil que je les cherchais de l’oeil charnel. Ceux qui cherchent leur joie au dehors se dissipent comme la fumée, et se répandent comme l’eau sur les objets visibles et temporels, et leur famélique pensée n’en lèche que les images.. Oh ! s’ils se fatiguaient de leur indigence, et disaient : « Qui nous « montrera le Bien? » Oh! s’ils entendaient notre réponse : « La lumière de votre visage, Seigneur, s’est imprimée dans nous. » Car nous ne sommes pas cette lumière qui éclaire tout homme ( Jean , 1,9), mais nous sommes éclairés par vous, pour devenir, de ténèbres que nous étions, lumière en vous (Ephés. V, 8).

Oh! s’ils voyaient cette lumière intérieure, éternelle, que je frémissais, moi, qui déjà la goûtais, de ne pouvoir leur montrer, s’ils m’eussent apporté leur coeur dans des yeux détournés de vous, en me disant : « Qui nous montrera le Bien? » Car c’est là, c’est dans la chambre secrète où je m’étais emporté contre moi-même; où, pénétré de componction, je vous avais offert l’holocauste de ma caducité, et jeté les prémices de mon renouvellement au sein de votre espérance; c’est là que j‘avais commencé de savourer votre douceur, et que mon coeur avait reçu votre joie. Et je m’écriais à la vérité de cette lecture, sanctionnée par le sens intérieur. Et je ne voulais plus me diviser dans la multiplicité des biens terrestres, bourreau et victime du temps, lorsque la simple éternité me mettait en possession d’un autre froment, d’un autre vin, d’une autre huile.

11. Et le verset suivant arrachait à mon coeur un long cri : « Oh! dans sa paix! oh! dans lui-même! » ô bienheureuse parole! « Je prendrai mon repos et mon sommeil! » Et qui nous fera résistance quand l’autre parole s’accomplira: « La mort est engloutie dans la victoire ( I Cor. XV, 54). » Et vous êtes cet Etre fort qui ne change pas; et en vous le repos oublieux de toutes les peines; parce que nul autre n’est avec vous; parce qu’il ne faut pas se mettre en quête de tout ce qui n’est pas vous. « Mais vous m’avez affermi, Seigneur, dans la simplicité de l’espérance. »

Je lisais, et brûlais, et ne savais quoi faire à ces morts sourds, parmi lesquels j’avais dardé ma langue empoisonnée, aboyeur aveugle et ‘acharné contre ces lettres saintes, lettres distillant le miel céleste, radieuses de votre lumière; et je me consumais d’indignation contre les ennemis de cette Ecriture.

12. Quand épuiserai-je tous les souvenirs de ces heureuses vacances? Mais je n’ai pas (443) oublié et ne tairai point l’aiguillon de votre fouet, et l’admirable célérité de votre miséricorde. Vous me torturiez alors par une cruelle souffrance de dents; et le mal était arrivé à. un tel excès, que, ne pouvant plus parler , il me vint à l’esprit d’inviter mes amis présents à vous prier pour moi, ô Dieu, maître de toute santé. J’écrivis mon désir sur des tablettes, et je les leur donnai à lire. A peine le sentiment de la prière eut-il fléchi nos genoux, que cette douleur disparut. Mais quelle douleur! et comment s’évanouit-elle? Je fus épouvanté, je l’avoue, Seigneur, mon Dieu; non, de ma vie je n’avais rien éprouvé de semblable. Et l’impression de votre volonté entra au plus profond de moi-même; et, dans ma foi exultante, je louai votre nom. Et cette foi ne me laissait pas en sécurité sur mes fautes passées, que le baptême ne m’avait pas encore remises.

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The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books

Chapter IV.--In the Country He Gives His Attention to Literature, and Explains the Fourth Psalm in Connection with the Happy Conversion of Alypius. He is Troubled with Toothache.

7. And the day arrived on which, in very deed, I was to be released from the Professorship of Rhetoric, from which in intention I had been already released. And done it was; and Thou didst deliver my tongue whence Thou hadst already delivered my heart; and full of joy I blessed Thee for it, and retired with all mine to the villa. 1 What I accomplished here in writing, which was now wholly devoted to Thy service, though still, in this pause as it were, panting from the school of pride, my books testify, 2 --those in which I disputed with my friends, and those with myself alone 3 before Thee; and what with the absent Nebridius, my letters 4 testify. And when can I find time to recount all Thy great benefits which Thou bestowedst upon us at that time, especially as I am hasting on to still greater mercies? For my memory calls upon me, and pleasant it is to me, O Lord, to confess unto Thee, by what inward goads Thou didst subdue me, and how Thou didst make me low, bringing down the mountains and hills of my imaginations, and didst straighten my crookedness, and smooth my rough ways; 5 and by what means Thou also didst subdue that brother of my heart, Alypius, unto the name of Thy only-begotten, our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, which he at first refused to have inserted in our writings. For he rather desired that they should savour of the "cedars" of the schools, which the Lord hath now broken down, 6 than of the wholesome herbs of the Church, hostile to serpents.

8. What utterances sent I up unto Thee, my God, when I read the Psalms of David, 7 those faithful songs and sounds of devotion which exclude all swelling of spirit, when new to Thy true love, at rest in the villa with Alypius, a catechumen like myself, my mother cleaving unto us,--in woman's garb truly, but with a man's faith, with the peacefulness of age, full of motherly love and Christian piety! What utterances used I to send up unto Thee in those Psalms, and how was I inflamed towards Thee by them, and burned to rehearse them, if it were possible, throughout the whole world, against the pride of the human race! And yet they are sung throughout the whole world, and none can hide himself from Thy heat. 8 With what vehement and bitter sorrow was I indignant at the Manichaeans; whom yet again I pitied, for that they were ignorant of those sacraments, those medicaments, and were mad against the antidote which might have made them sane! I wished that they had been somewhere near me then, and, without my being aware of their presence, could have beheld my face, and heard my words, when I read the fourth Psalm in that time of my leisure,--how that Psalm wrought upon me. When I called upon Thee, Thou didst hear me, O God of my righteousness; Thou hast enlarged me when I was in distress; have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer. 9 Oh that they might have heard what I uttered on these words, without my knowing whether they heard or no, lest they should think that I spake it because of them! For, of a truth, neither should I have said the same things, nor in the way I said them, if I had perceived that I was heard and seen by them; and had I spoken them, they would not so have received them as when I spake by and for myself before Thee, out of the private feelings of my soul.

9. I alternately quaked with fear, and warmed with hope, and with rejoicing in Thy mercy, O Father. And all these passed forth, both by mine eyes and voice, when Thy good Spirit, turning unto us, said, O ye sons of men, how long will ye be slow of heart? "How long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing?" 10 For I had loved vanity, and sought after leasing. And Thou, O Lord, hadst already magnified Thy Holy One, raising Him from the dead, and setting Him at Thy right hand, 11 whence from on high He should send His promise, 12 the Paraclete, "the Spirit of Truth." 13 And He had already sent Him, 14 but I knew it not; He had sent Him, because He was now magnified, rising again from the dead, and ascending into heaven. For till then "the Holy Ghost was not yet given, because that Jesus was not yet glorified." 15 And the prophet cries out, How long will ye be slow of heart? How long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Know this, that the Lord hath magnified His Holy One. He cries out, "How long?" He cries out, "Know this," and I, so long ignorant, "loved vanity, and sought after leasing." And therefore I heard and trembled, because these words were spoken unto such as I remembered that I myself had been. For in those phantasms which I once held for truths was there "vanity" and "leasing." And I spake many things loudly and earnestly, in the sorrow of my remembrance, which, would that they who yet "love vanity and seek after leasing" had heard! They would perchance have been troubled, and have vomited it forth, and Thou wouldest hear them when they cried unto Thee; 16 for by a true 17 death in the flesh He died for us, who now maketh intercession for us 18 with Thee.

10. I read further, "Be ye angry, and sin not." 19 And how was I moved, O my God, who had now learned to "be angry" with myself for the things past, so that in the future I might not sin! Yea, to be justly angry; for that it was not another nature of the race of darkness 20 which sinned for me, as they affirm it to be who are not angry with themselves, and who treasure up to themselves wrath against the day of wrath, and of the revelation of Thy righteous judgment. 21 Nor were my good things 22 now without, nor were they sought after with eyes of flesh in that sun; 23 for they that would have joy from without easily sink into oblivion, and are wasted upon those things which are seen and temporal, and in their starving thoughts do lick their very shadows. Oh, if only they were wearied out with their fasting, and said, "Who will show us any good?" 24 And we would answer, and they hear, O Lord. The light of Thy countenance is lifted up upon us. 25 For we are not that Light, which lighteth every man, 26 but we are enlightened by Thee, that we, who were sometimes darkness, may be light in Thee. 27 Oh that they could behold the internal Eternal, 28 which having tasted I gnashed my teeth that I could not show It to them, while they brought me their heart in their eyes, roaming abroad from Thee, and said, "Who will show us any good?" But there, where I was angry with myself in my chamber, where I was inwardly pricked, where I had offered my "sacrifice," slaying my old man, and beginning the resolution of a new life, putting my trust in Thee, 29 --there hadst Thou begun to grow sweet unto me, and to "put gladness in my heart." 30 And I cried out as I read this outwardly, and felt it inwardly. Nor would I be increased 31 with worldly goods, wasting time and being wasted by time; whereas I possessed in Thy eternal simplicity other corn, and wine, and oil. 32

11. And with a loud cry from my heart, I called out in the following verse, "Oh, in peace!" and "the self-same!" 33 Oh, what said he, "I will lay me down and sleep!" 34 For who shall hinder us, when "shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory?" 35 And Thou art in the highest degree "the self-same," who changest not; and in Thee is the rest which forgetteth all labour, for there is no other beside Thee, nor ought we to seek after those many other things which are not what Thou art; but Thou, Lord, only makest me to dwell in hope. 36 These things I read, and was inflamed; but discovered not what to do with those deaf and dead, of whom I had been a pestilent member,--a bitter and a blind declaimer against the writings be-honied with the honey of heaven and luminous with Thine own light; and I was consumed on account of the enemies of this Scripture.

12. When shall I call to mind all that took place in those holidays? Yet neither have I forgotten, nor will I be silent about the severity of Thy scourge, and the amazing quickness of Thy mercy. 37 Thou didst at that time torture me with toothache; 38 and when it had become so exceeding great that I was not able to speak, it came into my heart to urge all my friends who were present to pray for me to Thee, the God of all manner of health. And I wrote it down on wax, 39 and gave it to them to read. Presently, as with submissive desire we bowed our knees, that pain departed. But what pain? Or how did it depart? I confess to being much afraid, my Lord my God, seeing that from my earliest years I had not experienced such pain. And Thy purposes were profoundly impressed upon me; and, rejoicing in faith, I praised Thy name. And that faith suffered me not to be at rest in regard to my past sins, which were not yet forgiven me by Thy baptism.


  1. As Christ went into the wilderness after His baptism (Matt. iv. 1), and Paul into Arabia after his conversion (Gal. i. 17), so did Augustin here find in his retirement a preparation for his future work. He tells us of this time of his life (De Ordin. i. 6) that his habit was to spend the beginning or end, and often almost half the night, in watching and searching for truth, and says further (ibid. 29), that "he almost daily asked God with tears that his wounds might be healed, and often proved to himself that he was unworthy to be healed as soon as he wished." ↩

  2. These books are (Con. Acad. i. 4) his three disputations Against the Academics, his De Vita Beata, begun (ibid. 6) "Idibus Novembris die ejus natali;" and (Retract. i. 3) his two books De Ordine. ↩

  3. That is, his two books of Soliloquies. In his Retractations, i. 4, sec 1, he tells us that in these books he held an argument,--me interrogans, mihique respondens, tanquam duo essemus, ratio et ego. ↩

  4. Several of these letters to Nebridius will be found in the two vols. of Letters in this series. ↩

  5. Luke iii. 5. ↩

  6. Ps. xxix. 5. ↩

  7. Reference may with advantage be made to Archbishop Trench's Hulsean Lectures (1845), who in his third lect., on "The Manifoldness of Scripture," adverts to this very passage, and shows in an interesting way how the Psalms have ever been to the saints of God, as Luther said, "a Bible in little," affording satisfaction to their needs in every kind of trial, emergency, and experience. ↩

  8. Ps. xix. 6. ↩

  9. Ps. iv. 1. ↩

  10. Ibid. ver. 23. ↩

  11. Eph. i. 20. ↩

  12. Luke xxiv. 49. ↩

  13. John xiv. 16, 17. ↩

  14. Acts ii. 1-4. ↩

  15. John vii. 39. ↩

  16. Ps. iv. 1. ↩

  17. See v. 16, note, above. ↩

  18. Rom. viii. 34. ↩

  19. Eph. iv. 26. ↩

  20. See iv. 26, note, above. ↩

  21. Rom. ii. 5. ↩

  22. Ps. iv. 6. ↩

  23. See v. 12, note, above. ↩

  24. Ps. iv. 6. ↩

  25. Ibid. ↩

  26. John i. 9. ↩

  27. Eph. v. 8. ↩

  28. Internum aeternum, but some mss. read internum lumen aeternum. ↩

  29. Ps. iv. 5. ↩

  30. Ps. iv. 7. ↩

  31. That is, lest they should distract him from the true riches. For, as he says in his exposition of the fourth Psalm, "Cum dedita temporalibus voluptatibus anima semper exardescit cupiditate, nec satiari potest." He knew that the prosperity of the soul (3 John 2) might be injuriously affected by the prosperity of the body; and disregarding the lower life (bios) and its "worldly goods," he pressed on to increase the treasure he had within,--the true life (zoe) which he had received from God. See also Enarr. in Ps. xxxviii. 6. ↩

  32. Ps. iv. 7. ↩

  33. Ibid. ver. 8, Vulg. ↩

  34. Ps. iv. 8; in his comment whereon, Augustin applies this passage as above. ↩

  35. 1 Cor. xv. 54. ↩

  36. Ps. iv. 9, Vulg. ↩

  37. Compare the beautiful Talmudical legend quoted by Jeremy Taylor (Works, viii. 397, Eden's ed.), that of the two archangels, Gabriel and Michael, Gabriel has two wings that he may "fly swiftly" (Dan. ix. 21) to bring the message of peace, while Michael has but one, that he may labour in his flight when he comes forth on his ministries of justice. ↩

  38. In his Soliloquies (see note, sec. 7, above), he refers in i. 21 to this period. He there tells us that his pain was so great that it prevented his learning anything afresh, and only permitted him to revolve in his mind what he had already learnt. Compare De Quincey's description of the agonies he had to endure from tooth ache in his Confessions of an Opium Eater. ↩

  39. That is, on the waxen tablet used by the ancients. The iron stilus, or pencil, used for writing, was pointed at one end and flattened at the other--the flattened circular end being used to erase the writing by smoothing down the wax. Hence vertere stilum signifies to put out or correct. See sec. 19, below. ↩

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Les confessions de Saint Augustin
The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books
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Einleitung in die Confessiones
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The Opinion of St. Augustin Concerning His Confessions, as Embodied in His Retractations, II. 6
Translator's Preface - Confessions

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