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Works Augustine of Hippo (354-430)

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Du baptême contre les Donatistes

16.

Et pourtant ces Donatistes nous traitent en ennemis, parce que nous disons la vérité, parce que nous craignons soit de nous taire, soit de ne pas rendre nos instances aussi pressantes que possible; parce qu’enfin nous obéissons à ce précepte de l’Apôtre: « Annoncez la parole, pressez les hommes à temps et à contre-temps; reprenez, suppliez, menacez (II Tim., IV, 2)». Mais, selon la parole de l’Evangile, ils préfèrent la gloire des hommes à celle de Dieu 8Jean, XII, 45); et, pour s’épargner des reproches passagers, ils s’exposent témérairement à une éternelle condamnation. Ils voient parfaitement le mal qu’ils font et l’impossibilité qu’ils éprouvent de donner aucune réponse sérieuse. Tout leur désir est d’amonceler des ténèbres sous les yeux des simples et des ignorants, tandis qu’ils s’enfoncent eux-mêmes de plus en plus dans une ruine infaillible, dont ils ont une pleine et entière connaissance. Ils ont compris toute l’horreur qu’inspirent aux hommes leurs sectes et leurs divisions ; Carthage surtout, cette illustre cité, reine de l’Afrique, rougit de leur présence et du schisme dont elle est le centre ne nous étonnons donc pas qu’ils cherchent à se justifier par tous les moyens possibles. Persuadés qu’ils pourraient détruire les Maximianistes, ils prêtèrent main-forte à Optat le Gildonien, et ouvrirent la voie des mauvais traitements et des persécutions de toute sorte. Quelques Maximianistes firent en effet leur soumission, et les Donatistes se flattèrent de ramener tous les autres par la terreur. Or, pour ménager ceux qui leur revenaient, ils leur épargnèrent l’injure de la réitération du baptême , quoique pourtant le premier baptême leur eût été conféré dans le schisme; à plus forte raison, ils les dispensèrent de se faire baptiser dans le Donatisme, par ceux-là mêmes qui les avaient baptisés dans la secte ennemie ; c’est ainsi qu’ils prescrivaient eux-mêmes contre la funeste coutume qu’ils avaient adoptée. Ils comprennent maintenant qu’après avoir ratifié le baptême des Maximianistes, ils ne peuvent, sans un crime manifeste, violer le baptême de l’univers tout entier. D’un autre côté, ils ont tout à craindre de la part de ceux qu’ils ont rebaptisés; qu’adviendrait-il, en effet, si les uns exigeaient absolument la réitération du baptême, tandis que les autres en donneraient facilement dispense ; si les uns continuaient la persécution, tandis que les autres y auraient formellement renoncé?

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The Seven Books of Augustin, Bishop of Hippo On Baptism, Against the Donatists

16.

For this reason, then, we hold them to be enemies, because we speak the truth, because we are afraid to be silent, because we fear to shrink from pressing our point with all the force that lies within our power, because we obey the apostle when he says, "Preach the word; be instant in season out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort." 1 But, as the gospel says, "They love the praise of men more than the praise of God;" 2 and while they fear to incur blame for a time, they do not fear to incur damnation for ever. They see, too, themselves what wrong they are doing; they see that they have no answer which they can make, but they overspread the inexperienced with mists, whilst they themselves are being swallowed up alive,--that is, are perishing knowingly and willfully. They see that men are amazed, and look with abhorrence on the fact that they have divided themselves into many schisms, especially in Carthage, 3 the capital and most noted city of all Africa; they have endeavored to patch up the disgrace of their rags. Thinking that they could annihilate the followers of Maximianus, they pressed heavily on them through the agency of Optatus the Gildonian; 4 they inflicted on them many wrongs amid the cruellest of persecutions. Then they received back some, thinking that all could be converted under the influence of the same terror; but they were unwilling to do those whom they received the wrong of baptizing afresh those who had been baptized by them in their schism, or rather of causing them to be baptized again within their communion by the very same men by whom they had been baptized outside, and thus they at once made an exception to their own impious custom. They feel how wickedly they are acting in assailing the baptism of the whole world, when they have received the baptism of the followers of Maximianus. But they fear those whom they have themselves rebaptized, lest they should receive no mercy from them, when they have shown it to others; lest these should call them to account for their souls when they have ceased to destroy those of other men.


  1. 2 Tim. iv. 2. ↩

  2. John xii. 43. ↩

  3. He is alluding to that chief schism among the Donatists, which occurred when Maximianus was consecrated bishop of Carthage, in opposition to Primianus, probably immediately after the Synod of Cabarsussum, 393. ↩

  4. Optatus, a Donatist bishop of Thamogade in Numidia, was called Gildonianus from his adherence to Gildo, Count of Africa, and generalissimo of the province under the elder Theodosius. On his death, in 395 A.D., Gildo usurped supreme authority, and by his aid Optatus was enabled to oppress the Catholics in the province, till, in 398 A.D., Gildo was defeated by his brother Mascezel, and destroyed himself, and Optatus was put in prison, where he died soon afterwards. He is not to be confounded with Optatus, Bishop of Milevis, the strenuous opponent of the Donatists. ↩

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Du baptême contre les Donatistes
The Seven Books of Augustin, Bishop of Hippo On Baptism, Against the Donatists

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Faculty of Theology, Patristics and History of the Early Church
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

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