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Gegen die Heiden (BKV)
Nr. 52
Und damit ihr nicht etwa meint, nur euch sey erlaubt sich der Muthmaßungen und Vermuthungen zu bedienen, auch wir können dasselbe, weil nämlich was ihr auszusagen befragt, etwas gemeinsames ist. Ihr sagt: Woher sind die Menschen und was oder woher sind derselben Menschen S. 83 Seelen? Woher sind die Elephanten, die Stiere, die Hirsche, die Maulthiere, die Esel? Woher die Löwen, die Pferde, die Hunde, die Wölfe, die Panther; und was oder woher sind die Seelen derer die leben? denn weder verdient Glauben, daß aus jenem platonischen Krater, welchen Timaeos (S. 41 Stephan.) anfertigt und mischt, die Seelen herkamen, noch mag man glauben, die Heuschrecke, die Maus, die Spitzmaus, die Motte, der Frosch, der Tausendfuß seyen deßhalb beseelt und lebten, weil ihnen durch die Elemente selbst Veranlassung und Anfang wurde zu entstehen? wofern zur Erzeugung der Thiere, die in jedem einzelnen leben, geheime und verborgene Ursachen bei ihnen sich finden: denn wir bemerken auch, daß unter den Weisen die Einen sagen, die Erde sey der Menschen Mutter, Andere, das Wasser mit ihr, welchen Andere den Aether verbinden; einige aber, die Sonne sey derselben Werkmeisterin und durch die belebende Erregung aus ihrem Feuer werde das Belebte bewegt. Wenn nun auch dieß nicht stattfindet, sondern irgend ein anderes Ding, eine andere Ursache, eine andere Art, eine andere Macht endlich, uns unerhört und unbekannten Namens, hat das Menschengeschlecht gebildet und der Einrichtung der Dinge beigefügt; kann nicht möglich seyn, daß also die Menschen entstanden sind und ihrer Erschaffung Veranlassung nicht auf den ersten Gott sich beziehet? Welchen Grund mag wohl jener große, fromm und unbescholten weise Platon gehabt haben, da er des Menschen Bildung vom höchsten Gott entfernte und was weiß ich welchen Geringeren übertrug; da er nicht wollte, daß dessen Unversehrtheit des Menschengeschlechtes Seelen hervorbrachte, welches dieses Weltalls Seele gemacht; als daß er dafür hielt, des Menschen Bildung sey Gottes unwürdig und die Hervorbringung eines schwachen Dinges komme seiner Größe und Vollkommenheit nicht zu.
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The Seven Books of Arnobius Against the Heathen
52.
And yet, lest you should suppose that none but yourselves can make use of conjectures and surmises, we too are able to bring them forward as well, 1 as your question is appropriate to either side. 2 Whence, you say, are men; and what or whence are the souls of these men? Whence, we will ask, are elephants, bulls, stags, mules, 3 asses? Whence lions, horses, dogs, wolves, panthers; and what or whence are the souls of these creatures? For it is not credible that from that Platonic cup, 4 which Timaeus prepares and mixes, either their souls came, or that the locust, 5 mouse, shrew, cockroach, frog, centipede, should be believed to have been quickened and to live, because 6 they have a cause and origin of birth in 7 the elements themselves, if there are in these secret and very little known means 8 for producing the creatures which live in each of them. For we see that some of the wise say that the earth is mother of men, that others join with it water, 9 that others add to these breath of air, but that some say that the sun is their framer, and that, having been quickened by his rays, they are filled with the stir of life. 10 What if it is not these, and is something else, another cause, another method, another power, in fine, unheard of and unknown to us by name, which may have fashioned the human race, and connected it with things as established; 11 may it not be that men sprang up in this way, and that the cause of their birth does not go back to the Supreme God? For what reason do we suppose that the great Plato had--a man reverent and scrupulous in his wisdom--when he withdrew the fashioning of man from the highest God, and transferred it to some lesser deities, and when he would not have the souls of men formed 12 of that pure mixture of which he had made the soul of the universe, except that he thought the forming of man unworthy of God, and the fashioning of a feeble being not beseeming His greatness and excellence?
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Lit., "utter the same (conjectures)," easdem, the reading of LB. and Hildebrand, who says that it is so in the ms.; while Crusius asserts that the ms. has idem, which, with Orelli's punctuation, gives--"we have the same power; since it is common (i.e., a general right) to bring forth what you ask," i.e., to put similar questions. ↩
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i.e., may be retorted upon you. ↩
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Here, as elsewhere, instead of muli, the ms. reads milvi--"kites." ↩
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Cf. Plato, Timaeus, st. p. 41, already referred to. ↩
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Or, perhaps, "cray-fish," locusta. ↩
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The ms. reads quidem--"indeed," retained by the first four edd., but changed into quia--"because," by Elmenhorst, LB., and Orelli, while Oehler suggests very happily si quidem--"if indeed," i.e., because. ↩
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Lit., "from." ↩
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Rationes. ↩
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Cf. chs. 9 and 10 [p. 416, supra.]. ↩
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Orelli, retaining this as a distinct sentence, would yet enclose it in brackets, for what purpose does not appear; more especially as the next sentence follows directly from this in logical sequence. ↩
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Lit., "the constitutions of things." ↩
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Lit., "did not choose the souls of the human race to be mixtures of the same purity," noluit, received from the margin of Ursinus by all except the first four edd., which retain the ms. voluit--"did choose," which is absurd. Arnobius here refers again to the passage in the Timaeus, p. 41 sq., but to a different part, with a different purpose. He now refers to the conclusion of the speech of the Supreme God, the first part of which is noticed in ch. 36 (cf. p. 447, n. 20). There the Creator assures the gods He has made of immortality through His grace; now His further invitation that they in turn should form men is alluded to. That they might accomplish this task, the dregs still left in the cup, in which had been mixed the elements of the world's soul, are diluted and given to form the souls of men, to which they attach mortal bodies. ↩