Edition Masquer
Contra Celsum

10.

Εἶτά φησιν ὅτι ὁρᾷς ὅπως Πλάτων, καίτοι διαβεβαιωσάμενος ὅτι «ῥητὸν» οὐκ ἔστιν, ὅμως, ἵνα μὴ εἰς ἀνεξέλεγκτον ἀναχωρεῖν δόξῃ, λογισμὸν ὑπέχει ταύτης τῆς ἀπορίας· εἴη γὰρ ἂν τυχὸν «ῥητὸν» καὶ τὸ μηδέν. Ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ τοῦτο φέρει εἰς κατασκευὴν τοῦ δεῖν μὴ ἁπλῶς πιστεύειν ἀλλὰ λογισμὸν ὑπέχειν τῶν πιστευομένων, χρησόμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς τοῦ Παύλου λέξει ἐγκαλούσῃ τῷ εἰκῇ πιστεύοντι, ἐν ᾗ φησιν· «Ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ εἰκῇ ἐπιστεύσατε.»

Τὸ ὅσον δ' ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἀναγκάζει ἡμᾶς ταυτολογεῖν ταυτολογῶν ὁ Κέλσος, λέγων μετὰ τὰς εἰρημένας ὥσπερ ἀλαζόνων ἀλαζονείας ὅτι ὁ Πλάτων οὐκ ἀλαζονεύεται καὶ ψεύδεται φάσκων αὐτὸς καινόν τι εὑρίσκειν ἢ ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ παρὼν ἀγγέλλειν, ἀλλ' ὁπόθεν ἐστὶ ταῦθ' ὁμολογεῖ. Εἴποι ἄν τις οὖν καὶ πρὸς ταῦτα, βουλόμενος ἀπαντᾶν τῷ Κέλσῳ, ὅτι καὶ Πλάτων ἀλαζονεύεται ἐν τῇ τοῦ Διὸς κατὰ τὸν Τίμαιον δημηγορίᾳ λέγων· «Θεοὶ θεῶν, ὧν ἐγὼ δημιουργὸς καὶ πατήρ», καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. Ἀλλ' εἰ ἀπολογήσεταί τις περὶ τούτων διὰ τὸν νοῦν τοῦ δημηγοροῦντος παρὰ τῷ Πλάτωνι Διός, διὰ τί ὁ ἐξετάζων τὸν νοῦν τῶν λόγων τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ τῶν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις τοῦ δημιουργοῦ οὐχὶ καὶ πλεῖόν τι ἐρεῖ παρὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ Τιμαίῳ τοῦ Διὸς δημηγορίαν; Τὸ γὰρ χαρακτηρίζον τὴν θεότητα ἡ περὶ μελλόντων ἐστὶν ἀπαγγελία, οὐ κατ' ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν λεγομένων καὶ ταῖς ἐκβάσεσι κρινομένων ὅτι θεῖον πνεῦμα ἦν τὸ ταῦτα ἀπαγγέλλον.

Οὐ πρὸς πάντα οὖν τὸν προσιόντα φαμὲν ὅτι πρῶτον πίστευσον ὃν εἰσηγοῦμαί σοι τοῦτον εἶναι υἱὸν θεοῦ, ἀλλ' ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὸ πρέπον αὐτοῦ τῷ ἤθει καὶ τῇ καταστάσει προσάγομεν τὸν λόγον, μαθόντες «εἰδέναι, πῶς δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ ἀποκρίνασθαι». Καὶ εἰσὶν οἷς πλεῖον μὴ δυναμένοις τοῦ προτραπῆναι εἰς τὸ πιστεύειν τοῦτο κηρύττομεν, ἄλλοις δὲ ὅση δύναμις ἀποδεικτικῶς δι' ἐρωτήσεων καὶ ἀποκρίσεων προσερχόμεθα. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ λέγομεν τὸ μετὰ χλεύης ὑπὸ τοῦ Κέλσου εἰρημένον, ὅτι πίστευσον ὃν εἰσηγοῦμαί σοι τοῦτον εἶναι υἱὸν θεοῦ, κἂν ᾖ δεδεμένος ἀτιμότατα ἢ κεκολασμένος αἴσχιστα, κἂν χθὲς καὶ πρώην ἐν τοῖς πάντων ὀφθαλμοῖς ἐπονειδιστότατα κεκαλινδημένος, οὐδέ φαμεν· Ταύτῃ καὶ μᾶλλον πίστευσον. Εἰς ἕκαστον γὰρ πειρώμεθα λέγειν καὶ πλείονα ὧν ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω ἐξεθέμεθα.

Traduction Masquer
Origen Against Celsus

Chapter X.

He next continues: "You see how Plato, although maintaining that (the chief good) cannot be described in words, yet, to avoid the appearance of retreating to an irrefutable position, subjoins a reason in explanation of this difficulty, as even nothing' ¹ might perhaps be explained in words." But as Celsus adduces this to prove that we ought not to yield a simple assent, but to furnish a reason for our belief, we shall quote also the words of Paul, where he says, in censuring the hasty ² believer, "unless ye have believed inconsiderately." ³ Now, through his practice of repeating himself, Celsus, so far as he can, forces us to be guilty of tautology, reiterating, after the boastful language which has been quoted, that "Plato is not guilty of boasting and falsehood, giving out that he has made some new discovery, or that he has come down from heaven to announce it, but acknowledges whence these statements are derived." Now, if one wished to reply to Celsus, one might say in answer to such assertions, that even Plato is guilty of boasting, when in the Timaeus ⁴ he puts the following language in the month of Zeus: "Gods of gods, whose creator and father I am," and so on. And if any one will defend such language on account of the meaning which is conveyed under the name of Zeus, thus speaking in the dialogue of Plato, why should not he who investigates the meaning of the words of the Son of God, or those of the Creator ⁵ in the prophets, express a profounder meaning than any conveyed by the words of Zeus in the Timaeus? For the characteristic of divinity is the announcement of future events, predicted not by human power, but shown by the result to be due to a divine spirit in him who made the announcement. Accordingly, we do not say to each of our hearers, "Believe, first of all, that He whom I introduce to thee is the Son of God;" but we put the Gospel before each one, as his character and disposition may fit him to receive it, inasmuch as we have learned to know "how we ought to answer every man." ⁶ And there are some who are capable of receiving nothing more than an exhortation to believe, and to these we address that alone; while we approach others, again, as far as possible, in the way of demonstration, by means of question and answer. Nor do we at all say, as Celsus scoffingly alleges, "Believe that he whom I introduce to thee is the Son of God, although he was shamefully bound, and disgracefully punished, and very recently ⁷ was most contumeliously treated before the eyes of all men;" neither do we add, "Believe it even the more (on that account)." For it is our endeavour to state, on each individual point, arguments more numerous even than we have brought forward in the preceding pages.