• Accueil
  • Œuvres
  • Introduction Instructions Collaboration Sponsors / Collaborateurs Copyrights Contact Mentions légales
Bibliothek der Kirchenväter
Recherche
DE EN FR
Œuvres Eusèbe de Césarée (260-339) Historia Ecclesiastica

Traduction Masquer
The Church History of Eusebius

Chapter XLI.--The Martyrs in Alexandria.

1. The same writer, in an epistle to Fabius, 1 bishop of Antioch, relates as follows the sufferings of the martyrs in Alexandria under Decius:

"The persecution among us did not begin with the royal decree, but preceded it an entire year. 2 The prophet and author of evils 3 to this city, whoever he was, previously moved and aroused against us the masses of the heathen, rekindling among them the superstition of their country.

2. And being thus excited by him and finding full opportunity for any wickedness, they considered this the only pious service of their demons, that they should slay us.

3. "They seized first an old man named Metras, 4 and commanded him to utter impious words. But as he would not obey, they beat him with clubs, and tore his face and eyes with sharp sticks, and dragged him out of the city and stoned him.

4. Then they carried to their idol temple a faithful woman, named Quinta, that they might force her to worship. And as she turned away in detestation, they bound her feet and dragged her through the entire city over the stone-paved streets, and dashed her against the millstones, and at the same time scourged her; then, taking her to the same place, they stoned her to death.

5. Then all with one impulse rushed to the homes of the pious, and they dragged forth whomsoever any one knew as a neighbor, and despoiled and plundered them. They took for themselves the more valuable property; but the poorer articles and those made of wood they scattered about and burned in the streets, so that the city appeared as if taken by an enemy.

6. But the brethren withdrew and went away, and took joyfully the spoiling of their goods,' 5 like those to whom Paul bore witness. I know of no one unless possibly some one who fell into their hands, who, up to this time, denied the Lord.

7. Then they seized also that most admirable virgin, Apollonia, an old woman, and, smiting her on the jaws, broke out all her teeth. And they made a fire outside the city and threatened to burn her alive if she would not join with them in their impious cries. And she, supplicating a little, was released, when she leaped eagerly into the fire and was consumed.

8. Then they seized Serapion in his own house, and tortured him with harsh cruelties, and having broken all his limbs, they threw him headlong from an upper story. And there was no street, nor public road, nor lane open to us, by night or day; for always and everywhere, all of them cried out that if any one would not repeat their impious words, he should immediately be dragged away and burned.

9. And matters continued thus for a considerable time. But a sedition and civil war came upon the wretched people and turned their cruelty toward us against one another. 6 So we breathed for a little while as they ceased from their rage against us. But presently the change from that milder reign was announced to us, 7 and great fear of what was threatened seized us.

10. For the decree arrived, almost like unto that most terrible time foretold by our Lord, which if it were possible would offend even the elect. 8

11. All truly were affrighted. And many of the more eminent in their fear came forward immediately; 9 others who were in the public service were drawn on by their official duties; 10 others were urged on by their acquaintances. And as their names were called they approached the impure and impious sacrifices. Some of them were pale and trembled as if they were not about to sacrifice, but to be themselves sacrifices and offerings to the idols; so that they were jeered at by the multitude who stood around, as it was plain to every one that they were afraid either to die or to sacrifice.

12. But some advanced to the altars more readily, declaring boldly that they had never been Christians. Of these the prediction of our Lord is most true that they shall hardly' 11 be saved. Of the rest some followed the one, others the other of these classes, some fled and some were seized.

13. And of the latter some continued faithful until bonds and imprisonment, and some who had even been imprisoned for many days yet abjured the faith before they were brought to trial. Others having for a time endured great tortures finally retracted.

14. But the firm and blessed pillars of the Lord being strengthened by him, and having received vigor and might suitable and appropriate to the strong faith which they possessed, became admirable witnesses of his kingdom.

15. The first of these was Julian, a man who suffered so much with the gout that he was unable to stand or walk. They brought him forward with two others who carried him. One of these immediately denied. But the other, whose name was Cronion, and whose surname was Eunus, and the old man Julian himself, both of them having confessed the Lord, were carried on camels through the entire city, which, as you know, is a very large one, and in this elevated position were beaten and finally burned in a fierce fire, 12 surrounded by all the populace.

16. But a soldier, named Besas, who stood by them as they were led away rebuked those who insulted them. And they cried out against him, and this most manly warrior of God was arraigned, and having done nobly in the great contest for piety, was beheaded.

17. A certain other one, a Libyan by birth, but in name and blessedness a true Macar, 13 was strongly urged by the judge to recant; but as he would not yield he was burned alive. After them Epimachus and Alexander, having remained in bonds for a long time, and endured countless agonies from scrapers 14 and scourges, were also consumed in a fierce fire. 15

18. And with them there were four women. Ammonarium, a holy virgin, the judge tortured relentlessly and excessively, because she declared from the first that she would utter none of those things which he commanded; and having kept her promise truly, she was dragged away. The others were Mercuria, a very remarkable old woman, and Dionysia, the mother of many children, who did not love her own children above the Lord. 16 As the governor was ashamed of torturing thus ineffectually, and being always defeated by women, they were put to death by the sword, without the trial of tortures. For the champion, Ammonarium, endured these in behalf of all.

19. The Egyptians, Heron and Ater and Isidorus, and with them Dioscorus, 17 a boy about fifteen years old, were delivered up. At first the judge attempted to deceive the lad by fair words, as if he could be brought over easily, and then to force him by tortures, as one who would readily yield. But Dioscorus was neither persuaded nor constrained.

20. As the others remained firm, he scourged them cruelly and then delivered them to the fire. But admiring the manner in which Dioscorus had distinguished himself publicly, and his wise answers to his persuasions, he dismissed him, saying that on account of his youth he would give him time for repentance. And this most godly Dioscorus is among us now, awaiting a longer conflict and more severe contest.

21. But a certain Nemesion, who also was an Egyptian, was accused as an associate of robbers; but when he had cleared himself before the centurion of this charge most foreign to the truth, he was informed against as a Christian, and taken in bonds before the governor. And the most unrighteous magistrate inflicted on him tortures and scourgings double those which he executed on the robbers, and then burned him between the robbers, thus honoring the blessed man by the likeness to Christ.

22. A band of soldiers, Ammon and Zeno and Ptolemy and Ingenes, and with them an old man, Theophilus, were standing close together before the tribunal. And as a certain person who was being tried as a Christian, seemed inclined to deny, they standing by gnashed their teeth, and made signs with their faces and stretched out their hands, and gestured with their bodies. And when the attention of all was turned to them, before any one else could seize them, they rushed up to the tribunal saying that they were Christians, so that the governor and his council were affrighted. And those who were on trial appeared most courageous in prospect of their sufferings, while their judges trembled. And they went exultingly from the tribunal rejoicing in their testimony; 18 God himself having caused them to triumph gloriously."


  1. I read ph?bion with the majority of the mss., and with Valesius, Stroth, Burton, Closs, and Crusè, preferring to adopt the same spelling here that is used in the other passages in which the same bishop is mentioned. A number of mss. read phabianon, which is supported by Rufinus, and adopted by Schwegler, Laemmer, and Heinichen. On Fabius, bishop of Antioch, see chap. 39, note 7. The time of his episcopate stated in that note fixes the date of this epistle within narrow limits, viz. between 250 and the spring of 253. The whole tone of the letter and the discussion of the readmission of the lapsed would lead us to think that the epistle was written after the close of the persecution, but in §20, Dioscorus is said to be still among them, waiting for "a longer and more severe conflict," which seems to imply that the persecution, if not raging at the time, was at least expected to break out again soon. This would lead us to think of the closing months of Decius' reign, i.e. late in the year 251, and this date finds confirmation in the consideration that the epistle (as we learn from chap. 44) was written after the breaking out of the Novatian schism, and apparently after the election of Novatian as opposition bishop, for Fabius can hardly have sided with him against his bishop, so long as he was only a presbyter. Doubtless Novatian's official letter, announcing his election, had influenced Fabius. But Novation was elected bishop in 251, probably in the summer or early fall; at least, some months after Cornelius' accession which took place in February, 251. It seems, from chap. 44, that Fabius was inclined to side with Novatian, and to favor his rigoristic principles. This epistle was written (as we learn from chap. 42, §6) with the express purpose of leading him to change his position and to adopt more lenient principles in his treatment of the lapsed. It is with this end in view that Dionysius details at such length in this chapter the sufferings of the martyrs. He wishes to impress upon Fabius their piety and steadfastness, in order to beget greater respect for their opinions. Having done this, he states that they who best understood the temptations to which the persecuted were exposed, had received the lapsed, when repentant, into fellowship as before (see chap. 42, note 6). Dionysius' own position in the matter comes out very clearly in this epistle. He was in full sympathy with the milder treatment of the lapsed advocated in Rome and in Carthage by Cornelius and Cyprian. ↩

  2. The edict of Decius was published early in the year 250, and therefore the persecution in Alexandria, according to Dionysius, began in 249, while Philip was still emperor. Although the latter showed the Christians favor, yet it is not at all surprising that this local persecution should break out during his reign. The peace which the Christians were enjoying naturally fostered the growth of the Church, and the more patriotic and pious of the heathen citizens of the empire must necessarily have felt great solicitude at its constant increase, and the same spirit which led Decius to persecute would lead many such persons to desire to persecute when the opportunity offered itself; and the closing months of Philip's reign were so troubled with rebellions and revolutions that he had little time, and perhaps less inclination, to interfere in such a minor matter as a local persecution of Christians. The common people of Alexandria were of an excitable and riotous disposition, and it was always easy there to stir up a tumult at short notice and upon slight pretexts. ↩

  3. ho kakon te polei taute m?ntis kai poietes. The last word is rendered "poet" by most translators, and the rendering is quite possible; but it is difficult to understand why Dionysius should speak of this person's being a poet, which could have no possible connection with the matter in hand. It seems better to take poietes in its common sense of "maker," or "author," and to suppose Dionysius to be thinking of this man, not simply as the prophet of evils to the city, but also as their author, in that he "moved and aroused against us the masses of the heathen." ↩

  4. Of the various martyrs and confessors mentioned in this chapter, we know only what is told us by Dionysius in this epistle. ↩

  5. Heb. x. 34. Upon the authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews, see Bk. III. chap. 3, note 17; and upon Eusebius' opinion in the matter, see Bk. III. chap. 25, note 1. ↩

  6. We know that the closing months of Philip's reign were troubled with seditions in various quarters; but Dionysius is our only authority for this particular one, unless it be connected, as some think, with the revolt which Zosimus describes as aroused in the Orient by the bad government of Philip's brother, who was governor there, and by excessive taxation (see Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. III. p. 272). ↩

  7. This refers to the death of Philip and the accession of Decius. The hostile edicts of the latter seem not to have been published until some months after his accession, i.e. early in 250. But his hostility to Christianity might have been known from the start, and it might have been understood that he would persecute as soon as he had attended to the other more important matters connected with his accession. ↩

  8. Matt. xxiv. 24. Eusebius reads skandalisai; Matthew, planathai or planesai ↩

  9. i.e. to sacrifice. ↩

  10. hoi de demosieuontes hupo ton pr?xeon egonto. Every officer of the government under the imperial regimen was obliged to sacrifice to the Gods upon taking office, and also to sacrifice at stated times during his term of office, and upon special occasions, or in connection with the performance of important official duties. He might thus be called upon in his official capacity frequently to offer sacrifices, and a failure to perform this part of his duties was looked upon as sacrilege and punished as a crime against the state. Christian officials, therefore, were always in danger of suffering for their religion unless they were allowed as a special favor, to omit the sacrifices, as was often the case under those emperors who were more favorably inclined toward Christianity. A private citizen was never obliged to sacrifice except in times of persecution, when he might be ordered to do so as a test. But an official could not carry out fully all the duties of his position without sacrificing. This is one reason why many of the Christians avoided public office, and thus drew upon themselves the accusation of a lack of patriotism (cf. Origen, Contra Cels. VI. 5 sq., and Tertullian's Apol. c. 42); and it is also one reason why such Christians as happened to be in office were always the first to suffer under a hostile emperor. ↩

  11. Cf. Matt. xix. 23. This sentence shows that Dionysius did not consider it impossible even for those to be saved who denied Christ before enduring any suffering at all. He was clearly willing to leave a possibility of salvation even to the worst offenders, and in this agreed perfectly with Cornelius, Cyprian, and the body of the Roman and Carthaginian churches. ↩

  12. asbesto puri. ↩

  13. The Greek word m?kar means "blessed." ↩

  14. xusteras. "The instrument of torture here mentioned was an iron scraper, calculated to wound and tear the flesh as it passed over it" (Crusè). ↩

  15. puri asbesto. ↩

  16. Rufinus adds at this point the words et alia Ammonaria ("and another Ammonaria"). Valesius therefore conjectures that the words kai 'Ammon?rion hetera must have stood in the original text, and he is followed by Stroth and Heinichen. The mss., however, are unanimous in their omission of the words, and the second sentence below, which speaks of only a single Ammonarium, as if there were no other, certainly argues against their insertion. It is possible that Rufinus, finding only three women mentioned after Dionysius had referred to four, ventured to insert the "other Ammonaria." ↩

  17. It has been suggested (by Birks in the Dict. of Christ. Biog.) that this Dioscorus may be identical with the presbyter of the same name mentioned in Bk. VII. chap. 11, §24. But this is quite impossible, for Dioscorus, as we learn from this passage, was but fifteen years old at the time of the Decian persecution, and Dionysius is still speaking of the same persecution when he mentions the presbyter Dioscorus in the chapter referred to (see note 31 on that chapter). ↩

  18. marturi& 139;. It is difficult to ascertain from Dionysius' language whether these five soldiers suffered martyrdom or whether they were released. The language admits either interpretation, and some have supposed that the magistrate was so alarmed at what he feared might be a general defection among the troops that he dismissed these men without punishing them. At the same time it seems as if Dionysius would have stated this directly if it were a fact. There is nothing in the narrative to imply that their fate was different from that of the others; and moreover, it hardly seems probable that the defection of five soldiers should so terrify the judge as to cause him to cease executing the imperial decree, and of course if he did not execute it in the case of the soldiers, he could hardly do it in the case of others. ↩

Traduction Masquer
Kirchengeschichte (BKV)

41. Kap. Die Märtyrer in Alexandrien.

In seinem Briefe an Fabius, den Bischof von Antiochien, berichtet Dionysius über die Kämpfe derer welche unter Decius in Alexandrien gemartert wurden, also: „Bei uns nahm die Verfolgung nicht erst mit dem kaiserlichen Edikt ihren Anfang. Sie hatte bereits ein ganzes Jahr vorher begonnen. Irgendein unserer Stadt Unheil kündender Dichter hatte zuvor schon die heidnischen Massen gegen uns aufgewiegelt und aufgehetzt, indem er den einheimischen Aberglauben neu entflammte. Durch ihn gereizt, benützten sie jede Gelegenheit zu Ausschreitungen. Diesen Dämonendienst, das Ermorden unserer Leute, hielten sie allein für Gottesdienst. Zuerst ergriffen sie einen alten Mann namens Metras und verlangten von ihm, daß er Gott lästere. Da er ihnen nicht gehorchte, schlugen sie ihn mit Prügeln, stachen ihn mit spitzigen Röhrchen in das Gesicht und in die Augen, führten ihn zur Stadt hinaus und steinigten ihn. Sodann führten sie eine gläubige Frau namens Quinta zum Götzentempel und suchten sie zum Götzendienst zu zwingen. Da sie mit Abscheu widerstrebte, banden sie dieselbe an den Füßen, schleif- S. 306 ten sie durch die ganze Stadt über das rauhe Steinpflaster, so daß sie sich an den großen Steinen aufschlug, geißelten sie und führten sie an denselben Platz, um sie zu steinigen. Sodann stürzten sie alle zusammen auf die Häuser der Gläubigen. Jeder drang bei dem, den er in seiner Nachbarschaft kannte, ein und plünderte und raubte. Die wertvollen Sachen nahmen sie für sich, die unbedeutenderen und die Holzgegenstände zerstreuten und verbrannten sie auf den Straßen, so daß es wie in einer von Feinden eroberten Stadt aussah. Die Brüder aber wichen aus und zogen sich zurück und ertrugen die Plünderung ihres Eigentums mit Freuden gleich denen, welchen Paulus das Zeugnis gegeben hat.1 Wohl keiner hat bis zu dieser Zeit den Herrn verleugnet; es müßte denn sein, daß es einer war, der allein ihnen in die Hände fiel. Damals ergriffen sie auch Apollonia, eine bejahrte Jungfrau von hohem Ansehen. Sie schlugen dieselbe so auf die Kiefer, daß alle Zähne ausbrachen. Dann errichteten sie vor der Stadt einen Scheiterhaufen und drohten, sie lebendig zu verbrennen, wenn sie nicht ihre gottlosen Worte nachsprechen würde. Sie aber sprang, als ihre Bitte, etwas frei sein zu dürfen, gewährt wurde, eiligst in das Feuer und verbrannte. Serapion ergriffen sie in seinem eigenen Hause; nachdem sie ihn grausam gemartert und alle seine Glieder gebrochen hatten, warfen sie ihn kopfüber vom oberen Stockwerk hinab. Keinen Weg, keine Straße, kein Gäßchen konnten wir gehen weder bei Tag noch bei Nacht, da immer und überall alles schrie: ,Wer nicht die lästerhaften Worte nachsingt, muß sofort weggeschleppt und verbrannt werden!’ Dieser Zustand dauerte lange an. Als aber Revolution und Bürgerkrieg über diese Bösewichter hereinbrachen, wandten sie die Grausamkeit, die sie an uns verübt hatten, gegen sich selbst. Einige Zeit konnten wir so etwas aufatmen, da es jenen an Zeit gebrach, ihren Unmut an uns zu kühlen. S. 307 Doch gar bald erhielten wir Nachricht, daß es in der kaiserlichen Regierung, die uns so gut gesinnt war, einen Wechsel gegeben habe. Die Furcht vor dem, was uns drohte, steigerte sich gewaltig. Schon war auch das Verfolgungsedikt erschienen. Es glich fast demjenigen, von welchem der Herr das Furchtbare prophezeit hatte,2 daß es, wenn es möglich wäre, auch den Auserwählten zum Anstoß gereichen würde. Alle waren bestürzt. Von den Vornehmeren fanden sich auf der Stelle viele aus Furcht ein,3 während die Beamten von ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit weggeholt wurden; andere von ihnen ließen sich von ihren Freunden hinzerren. Namentlich aufgerufen, traten sie zu den unreinen und unheiligen Opfern, die einen allerdings bleich und zitternd, gerade als wollten sie nicht opfern, sondern als sollten sie selbst den Götzen geopfert und geschlachtet werden, so daß sie von der umherstehenden Menge verspottet wurden und ihre Feigheit sowohl zum Sterben als zum Opfern offen an den Tag trat. Andere gingen bereitwilliger zu den Altären und behaupteten verwegen, sie seien früher gar nicht Christen gewesen. An ihnen bewahrheitete sich vollauf die Prophezeiung des Herrn: sie werden kaum gerettet werden.4 Von den übrigen5 folgten die einen diesen, die anderen jenen. Andere aber flohen. Wieder andere wurden verhaftet. Von diesen ließen sich einige fesseln und einsperren, einige sogar auf mehrere Tage; dann aber, noch ehe sie vor den Richterstuhl geführt wurden, schwuren sie (den Glauben) ab. Einige der Gefangenen sagten sich erst, nachdem sie ein gewisses Maß von Martern ertragen hatten, vom Glauben los. Die starken und heiligen Säulen des Herrn dagegen wurden, da der Herr sie stärkte und da sie eine Kraft und Ausdauer erhielten, die ihrem starken Glauben geziemend entsprachen, bewundernswerte Zeugen seines S. 308 Reiches. Der erste unter ihnen war Julian, ein an Fußgicht leidender Mann, der weder stehen noch gehen konnte. Er wurde mit seinen beiden Trägern zitiert, von welchen der eine sofort den Glauben verleugnete. Der andere Träger jedoch namens Kronion, mit dem Beinamen Eunus, sowie der bejahrte Julian bekannten den Herrn, worauf sie durch die ganze Stadt, von der ihr wißt, wie groß sie ist, hoch oben auf Kamelen sitzend, gegeißelt wurden, um schließlich, von der ganzen Menge umringt, in ungelöschtem Kalk verbrannt zu werden. Ein Soldat namens Besas, der ihnen auf dem Todeswege zur Seite ging und den Rohlingen entgegentrat, wurde auf das Geschrei dieser Leute hin als kühnster Kämpfer Gottes, der sich auch im schweren Kampf für den Glauben auszeichnete, vorgeführt und enthauptet. Ein anderer, der Abstammung nach ein Libyer, nach Namen und Seligpreisung ein wahrer Makarius, gab, trotzdem der Richter vieles versuchte, ihn zur Verleugnung des Glaubens zu bringen, nicht nach und wurde daher lebendig verbrannt. Hierauf wurden Epimachus und Alexander nach langer Kerkerhaft und unzähligen Leiden, Foltern und Geißelungen in ungelöschtem Kalk verbrannt. Zugleich mit diesen wurden vier Frauen hingerichtet. Die heilige Jungfrau Ammonarion (nämlich) wurde vom Richter lange Zeit auf das heftigste gefoltert, da sie erklärte, sie werde die ihr anbefohlenen Worte nicht nachsprechen; und da sie Wort hielt, wurde sie abgeführt. Die übrigen Frauen, nämlich die ehrwürdige, bejahrte Merkuria und die kinderreiche Dionysia,6 die aber ihre Kinder nicht mehr liebte als den Herrn, starben, ohne vorher Foltern unterzogen worden zu sein, durch das Schwert; denn der Statthalter schämte sich, sie noch weiter erfolglos foltern und sich selbst von Weibern besiegen zu lassen. Die Vorkämpferin Ammonarion hatte ja schon für sie alle die Foltern erduldet. Auch die Ägypter Heron, Ater und Isidor und mit ihnen Dioskur, S. 309 ein Knabe von etwa 15 Jahren, wurden ausgeliefert. Der Richter versuchte zunächst den Knaben wegen seiner jugendlichen Lenksamkeit mit Worten irrezuführen und wegen seiner Zartheit durch Martern zu zwingen. Aber Dioskur fügte sich nicht und blieb fest. Nachdem die übrigen geduldig die grausamsten Schläge ertragen hatten, wurden auch sie dem Feuertode übergeben. Den Dioskur aber, der sich vor aller Augen so sehr ausgezeichnet und so weise Antworten auf seine Fragen gegeben hatte, ließ der Richter aus Bewunderung frei mit dem Bemerken, er wolle ihm mit Rücksicht auf seine Jugend Frist zur Sinnesänderung geben. Und heute lebt dieser prächtige Dioskur unter uns, verblieben für den längeren Kampf und Streit. Ein gewisser Nemesion, ebenfalls ein Ägypter, war fälschlich als Genosse von Räubern angeklagt worden. Nachdem er sich aber vor dem Hauptmann von dieser ganz unerhörten Verleumdung gereinigt, wurde er als Christ angegeben und gefesselt vor den Statthalter geführt. Ungerecht, wie er war, bestrafte ihn dieser mit doppelt so vielen Martern und Geißelhieben wie die Räuber und ließ dann den Seligen zwischen den Räubern verbrennen, wodurch ihm die Ehre zuteil ward, das Vorbild Christi7 nachzuahmen. Ein ganzer Trupp Soldaten, Ammon, Zenon, Ptolemäus, Ingenes und mit ihnen der bejahrte Theophilus, hatte sich vor dem Gerichtshause aufgestellt. Da nun jemand als Christ verhört wurde und bereits daran war, seinen Glauben zu verleugnen, knirschten diese Soldaten, welche dabei standen, mit den Zähnen, winkten ihm mit den Augen zu, erhoben die Hände und gaben Zeichen mit dem ganzen Körper. Dadurch zogen sie die Aufmerksamkeit aller auf sich. Doch ehe noch andere sie ergriffen, eilten sie, ihnen zuvorkommend, vor den Richterstuhl, sich als Christen bekennend, so daß den Statthalter und sein Kollegium Schrecken erfaßte. Und während die, welche gerichtet werden sollten, angesichts der S. 310 drohenden Leiden beherzt und mutig erschienen, waren die Richter verzagt. Jene zogen so festlich vom Gerichtshofe weg und freuten sich über ihr Zeugnis, da Gott sie so wunderbar zum Siege geführt.


  1. Hebr. 10, 34. ↩

  2. Matth. 24, 24. ↩

  3. nämlich vor dem Opferpriester. ↩

  4. Matth. 19, 23; Mark. 10, 23; Luk. 18, 24. ↩

  5. d. i. von den Nicht-Vornehmen. ↩

  6. Ein vierter Frauenname muß ausgefallen sein. ↩

  7. der zwischen zwei Räubern gekreuzigt wurde. ↩

  Imprimer   Rapporter une erreur
  • Afficher le texte
  • Référence bibliographique
  • Scans de cette version
Les éditions de cette œuvre
Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ ἱστορία Comparer
Traductions de cette œuvre
Histoire ecclésiastique Comparer
Kirchengeschichte (BKV)
The Church History of Eusebius
Commentaires sur cette œuvre
Einleitung: Kirchengeschichte des Eusebius
Introduction to Eusebius' Church History
Supplementary Notes and Tables

Table des matières

Faculté de théologie, Patristique et histoire de l'Église ancienne
Miséricorde, Av. Europe 20, CH 1700 Fribourg

© 2025 Gregor Emmenegger
Mentions légales
Politique de confidentialité