Traduction
Masquer
Against Hermogenes
Chapter XXV.--The Assumption that There are Two Earths Mentioned in the History of the Creation, Refuted.
He accordingly maintains that there are two earths set before us in the passage in question: one, which God made in the beginning; the other being the Matter of which God made the world, and concerning which it is said, "And the earth was without form, and void." 1 Of course, if I were to ask, to which of the two earths the name earth is best suited, 2 I shall be told that the earth which was made derived the appellation from that of which it was made, on the ground that it is more likely that the offspring should get its name from the original, than the original from the offspring. This being the case, another question presents itself to us, whether it is right and proper that this earth which God made should have derived its name from that out of which He made it? For I find from Hermogenes and the rest of the Materialist heretics, 3 that while the one earth was indeed "without form, and void," this one of ours obtained from God in an equal degree 4 both form, and beauty, and symmetry; and therefore that the earth which was created was a different thing from that out of which it was created. Now, having become a different thing, it could not possibly have shared with the other in its name, after it had declined from its condition. If earth was the proper name of the (original) Matter, this world of ours, which is not Matter, because it has become another thing, is unfit to bear the name of earth, seeing that that name belongs to something else, and is a stranger to its nature. But (you will tell me) Matter which has undergone creation, that is, our earth, had with its original a community of name no less than of kind. By no means. For although the pitcher is formed out of the clay, I shall no longer call it clay, but a pitcher; so likewise, although electrum 5 is compounded of gold and silver, I shall yet not call it either gold or silver, but electrum. When there is a departure from the nature of any thing, there is likewise a relinquishment of its name--with a propriety which is alike demanded by the designation and the condition. How great a change indeed from the condition of that earth, which is Matter, has come over this earth of ours, is plain even from the fact that the latter has received this testimony to its goodness in Genesis, "And God saw that it was good;" 6 while the former, according to Hermogenes, is regarded as the origin and cause of all evils. Lastly, if the one is Earth because the other is, why also is the one not Matter as the other is? Indeed, by this rule both the heaven and all creatures ought to have had the names of Earth and Matter, since they all consist of Matter. I have said enough touching the designation Earth, by which he will have it that Matter is understood. This, as everybody knows, is the name of one of the elements; for so we are taught by nature first, and afterwards by Scripture, except it be that credence must be given to that Silenus who talked so confidently in the presence of king Midas of another world, according to the account of Theopompus. But the same author informs us that there are also several gods.
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Gen. i. 2. ↩
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Quae cui nomen terrae accommodare debeat. This is literally a double question, asking about the fitness of the name, and to which earth it is best adapted. ↩
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He means those who have gone wrong on the eternity of matter. ↩
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Proinde. ↩
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A mixed metal, of the colour of amber. ↩
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Gen. i. 31. ↩
Traduction
Masquer
Contre Hermogène
XXV.
Il veut donc que, dans cette Ecriture, il soit question de deux terres: l'une que Dieu créa au commencement; l'autre, la Matière, dont il a été dit: « La terre était invisible et sans forme. » Conséquemment, si je lui demande laquelle dos deux a dû donner à l'autre le nom de terre, il me répondra que celle qui a été faite emprunta son nom à celle de qui elle a été faite, parce qu'il est plus vraisemblable de croire que la postérité doit son nom à l'origine, que l'origine à la postérité. S'il en va ainsi, je soulèverai une autre question: La terre que Dieu a faite, peut-elle raisonnablement tirer son nom de celle qui a concouru avec lui à la création? En effet, je lis dans Hermogène et tous les autres partisans de la Matière, que cette terre fut invisible, sans forme et grossière; mais que l'autre terre, c'est-à-dire la nôtre, reçut de Dieu sa forme, son aspect et sa parure. Elle est donc devenue autre chose que celle dont elle a été produite. Or, si elle est devenue autre chose, elle n'a pu participer au nom de celle dont elle n'avait pas gardé la nature. Si terre fut le nom propre de cette première Matière, celle qui n'est plus matière, puisqu'elle a subi une transformation, ne comporte plus le nom de terre qui lui est étranger, et ne convient plus à son essence.
---- La Matière qui a été travaillée, me réponds-tu, c'est-à-dire la terre, a gardé la communauté de nom et d'espèce avec celle qui était son principe.
---- Point du tout. Car je n'appellerai plus argile, mais vase, ce qui a été fait de cette matière. L'ambre a beau être un mélange d'or et d'argent, il ne se nommera plus or ni argent, il devient l'ambre. Une chose qui s'éloigne de la nature d'une autre, perd son nom pour en revêtir un particulier avec sa nature nouvelle. Or, que la terre actuelle n'ait pas gardé l'essence fondamentale de la première, c'est-à-dire de la Matière, je n'en veux d'autre preuve que le témoignage qui lui est rendu dans la Genèse: « Et Dieu vit qu'elle était bonne. » Hermogène, au contraire, regarde la Matière comme l'origine et la cause du mal.
En dernier lieu, si cette terre est Matière, pourquoi la Matière n'est-elle pas terre, également? Il y a plus. Le ciel et tous les êtres devraient recevoir indifféremment le nom de Matière et de terre, s'ils sont formés de la Matière.
J'en ait dit assez sur ce mot terre, qui, selon Hermogène, équivaut à Matière. Tout le monde sait, grâce aux enseignements de la nature d'abord et de l'Ecriture ensuite, que c'est là le nom d'un seul élément, à moins que, sur l'autorité de Théopompe, il ne faille ajouter foi à ce Silène, qui assure au roi Midas qu'il existe un autre univers. Mais le même historien rapporte qu'il y a un grand nombre de dieux.