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Apologie de Saint Athanase à l'Empereur Constance
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Te sachant chrétien depuis de longues années, et, dès tes ancêtres,1 ami de Dieu, je te présente aujourd’hui avec confiance la justification de ma conduite. Si je me sers des paroles du bienheureux Paul, c’est pour m’en faire un intercesseur auprès de toi, n’ignorant pas qu’il est un héraut de la vérité et que tu aimes à entendre ses leçons, très pieux Auguste. Pour ce qui concerne les affaires ecclésiastiques et le complot ourdi contre moi, il suffit à ta Circonspection2 du témoignage souscrit par tant d’évêques;3 il suffit même du repentir d’Ursace et de Valens pour démontrer à tous que rien de ce que l’on avait intenté contre moi n’était vrai. Quel témoignage peut valoir celui qu’ils donnèrent par écrit? « Nous avons menti, disent-ils, nous avons imaginé: tout ce que l’on a dit contre Athanase est plein de calomnie. » A cette éclatante démonstration, ajoute, si tu daignes l’apprendre, que les accusateurs n’ont rien prouvé contre le prêtre Macarios en ma présence, mais qu’en mon absence ils ont fait entre eux ce qu’ils ont voulu. Or, une telle procédure, comme le déclarent la loi divine et nos lois particulières, est absolument sans valeur. Et ainsi, tu le vois, ta Circonspection, amie de la vérité et de Dieu, me trouve à l’abri de tout soupçon et déclare ceux qui furent contre moi des sycophantes.
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Allusion à Constance Chlore, favorable aux chrétiens. ↩
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Ta Circonspection, ta Piété, ton Humanité, comme on dit aujourd’hui, votre Majesté, votre Sainteté. On remarquera qu’Athanase n’emploie pas indifféremment ces formules de politesse. En s’en servant, il fait appel à la vertu qu’elles expriment. ↩
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Les Pères du concile de Sardique. ↩
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Defence before Constantius
1.
P. 238 Knowing that you have been a Christian for many years 1, most religious Augustus, and that you are godly by descent, I cheerfully undertake to answer for myself at this time;—for I will use the language of the blessed Paul, and make him my advocate before you, considering that he was a preacher of the truth, and that you are an attentive hearer of his words.
With respect to those ecclesiastical matters, which have been made the ground of a conspiracy against me, it is sufficient to refer your Piety to the testimony of the many Bishops who have written in my behalf 2; enough too is the recantation of Ursacius and Valens 3 to prove to all men, that none of the charges which they set up against me had any truth in them. For what evidence can others produce so strong, as what they declared in writing? ‘We lied, we invented these things; all the accusations against Athanasius are full of falsehood.’ To this clear proof may be added, if you will vouchsafe to hear it, this circumstance that the accusers brought no evidence against Macarius the presbyter while we were present; but in our absence 4, when they were by themselves, they managed the matter as they pleased. Now, the Divine Law first of all, and next our own Laws 5, have expressly declared, that such proceedings are of no force whatsoever. From these things your piety, as a lover of God and of the truth, will, I am sure, perceive that we are free from all suspicion, and will pronounce our opponents to be false accusers.
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[cf. Acts xxvi. 2 .] Constantius, though here called a Christian, was not baptized till his last illness, a.d. 361, and then by the Arian Bishop of Antioch, Euzoius. At this time he was 39 years of age. Theodoret represents him making a speech to his whole army on one occasion, exhorting them to Baptism previous to going to war; and recommending all to go thence who could not make up their mind to the Sacrament.H. E.iii. 1. Constantius, his grandfather, had rejected idolatry and acknowledged the One God, according to Eusebius,V. Const.i. 14, though it does not appear that he had embraced Christianity. ↩
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Supr. Apol. Ar.1. ↩
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Apol. Ar.1, 58. ↩
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ib. 13, 27, &c. ↩
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Cf.Apol. Ar.ii. 51. ↩