Übersetzung
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The Chaplet
Chapter I.
Very lately it happened thus: while the bounty of our most excellent emperors 1 was dispensed in the camp, the soldiers, laurel-crowned, were approaching. One of them, more a soldier of God, more stedfast than the rest of his brethren, who had imagined that they could serve two masters, his head alone uncovered, the useless crown in his hand--already even by that peculiarity known to every one as a Christian--was nobly conspicuous. Accordingly, all began to mark him out, jeering him at a distance, gnashing on him near at hand. The murmur is wafted to the tribune, when the person had just left the ranks. The tribune at once puts the question to him, Why are you so different in your attire? He declared that he had no liberty to wear the crown with the rest. Being urgently asked for his reasons, he answered, I am a Christian. O soldier! boasting thyself in God. Then the case was considered and voted on; the matter was remitted to a higher tribunal; the offender was conducted to the prefects. At once he put away the heavy cloak, his disburdening commenced; he loosed from his foot the military shoe, beginning to stand upon holy ground; 2 he gave up the sword, which was not necessary either for the protection of our Lord; from his hand likewise dropped the laurel crown; and now, purple-clad with the hope of his own blood, shod with the preparation of the gospel, girt with the sharper word of God, completely equipped in the apostles' armour, and crowned more worthily with the white crown of martyrdom, he awaits in prison the largess of Christ. Thereafter adverse judgments began to be passed upon his conduct--whether on the part of Christians I do not know, for those of the heathen are not different--as if he were headstrong and rash, and too eager to die, because, in being taken to task about a mere matter of dress, he brought trouble on the bearers of the Name, 3 --he, forsooth, alone brave among so many soldier-brethren, he alone a Christian. It is plain that as they have rejected the prophecies of the Holy Spirit, 4 they are also purposing the refusal of martyrdom. So they murmur that a peace so good and long is endangered for them. Nor do I doubt that some are already turning their back on the Scriptures, are making ready their luggage, are equipped for flight from city to city; for that is all of the gospel they care to remember. I know, too, their pastors are lions in peace, deer in the fight. As to the questions asked for extorting confessions from us, we shall teach elsewhere. Now, as they put forth also the objection--But where are we forbidden to be crowned?--I shall take this point up, as more suitable to be treated of here, being the essence, in fact, of the present contention. So that, on the one hand, the inquirers who are ignorant, but anxious, may be instructed; and on the other, those may be refuted who try to vindicate the sin, especially the laurel-crowned Christians themselves, to whom it is merely a question of debate, as if it might be regarded as either no trespass at all, or at least a doubtful one, because it may be made the subject of investigation. That it is neither sinless nor doubtful, I shall now, however, show.
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"Emperors." The Emperor Severus associated his two sons with him in the possession of the imperial power; Caracalla in the year 198, Geta in 208.--Tr. ↩
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[A touch of our author's genius, inspired by the Phrygian enthusiasm for martyrdom. The ground on which a martyr treads begins to be holy, even before the sacrifice, and in loosing his shoe the victim consecrates the spot and at the same time pays it homage.] ↩
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[The name of Christ: and the Antiochian name of Christians.] ↩
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[Gibbon will have it that the De Corona was written while Tertullian was orthodox, but this reference to the Montanist notion of "New Prophecy" seems to justify the decision of critics against Gibbon, who, as Kaye suggests (p. 53) was anxious to make Christianity itself responsible for military insubordination and for offences against Imperial Law.] ↩
Übersetzung
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De la couronne du soldat
I.
Voici ce qui arriva les jours passés. Les très-puissants empereurs distribuaient des largesses dans le camp. Les soldats se présentaient la couronne de laurier sur la tête. L'un d'eux, plus soldat de Dieu, plus intrépide que tous ses compagnons, « qui s'imaginaient pouvoir servir deux maîtres, » se distinguait de tous les autres, parce qu'il s'avançait la tête nue, et tenant à la main sa couronne inutile, manifestant ainsi qu'il était chrétien. Tous de le montrer au doigt; de loin, on le raille; de près, on s'indigne. La clameur arrive jusqu'au tribun: le soldat se présente à son rang. ---- Pourquoi, lui dit aussitôt le tribun, es-tu si différent des autres? ---- Je ne puis, répondit-il, faire comme eux. Sur ce qu'on lui en demandait la cause: Je suis Chrétien, répliqua-t-il. ---- O soldat, glorieux dans le Seigneur! On délibère sur ce refus; on instruit l'affaire; il est traduit devant les préfets. Là, commençant à se dépouiller, il dépose son lourd manteau, il quitte sa chaussure des plus incommodes, marche avec respect sur la terre sainte, rend son épée, qui n'est plus nécessaire à la défense du Seigneur, et laisse tomber sa couronne de sa main. Maintenant, couvert en espérance de son sang, chaussé comme le demande l'Evangile, prenant la parole de Dieu pour glaive, armé complètement par l'Apôtre, et couronné de la blanche couronne du martyre, plus glorieuse que l'autre, il attend dans un cachot |130 la largesse de Jésus-Christ. Aussitôt voilà mille jugements sur son compte. Viennent-ils des Chrétiens ou des païens? je l'ignore; car les païens ne tiendraient pas un autre langage. On en parle comme d'un étourdi, d'un téméraire, d'un désespéré qui cherche la mort et qui, interrogé sur son extérieur, a mis en péril le nom chrétien, comme s'il n'y avait que lui de brave, comme s'il était le seul chrétien parmi tant de compagnons! Il ne leur reste assurément qu'à répudier le martyre, puisqu'ils ont méconnu les prophéties du même Esprit saint. Eh quoi! murmurent-ils sourdement, compromettre cette paix si favorable et si prolongée! Je n'en doute pas, quelques-uns commencent déjà à détourner le sens des Ecritures, à préparer leurs bagages, « et à fuir de cité en cité. » Car de tous les textes de l'Evangile, ils ne se souviennent que de celui-là. Je connais leurs pasteurs, lions pendant la paix, cerfs pendant la guerre. Mais nous traiterons ailleurs les questions qui concernent le martyre. Contentons-nous de répondre aujourd'hui à l'objection qu'ils nous opposent: Où nous est-il défendu de porter une couronne? Je commencerai plus volontiers par ce point, qui est tout le fonds de la matière présente, afin d'instruire ceux qui veulent par cette question éclairer leur ignorance, ou de convaincre ceux qui s'opiniâtrent à défendre leur faute, m'adressant surtout à ces Chrétiens qui ont été couronnés de laurier, les seuls qui soulèvent cette difficulté, comme si la prévarication mise en discussion était nulle ou tout au moins incertaine. Nulle ou incertaine, je leur prouverai dans un moment qu'elle ne l'est pas.