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8.

Hence turn your looks to the abominations, not less to be deplored, of another kind of spectacle. ¹ In the theatres also you will behold what may well cause you grief and shame. It is the tragic buskin which relates in verse the crimes of ancient days. The old horrors ² of parricide and incest are unfolded in action calculated to express the image of the truth, so that, as the ages pass by, any crime that was formerly committed may not be forgotten. Each generation is reminded by what it hears, that whatever has once been done may be done again. Crimes never die out by the lapse of ages; wickedness is never abolished by process of time; impiety is never buried in oblivion. Things which have now ceased to be actual deeds of vice become examples. In the mimes, moreover, by the teaching of infamies, the spectator is attracted either to reconsider what he may have done in secret, or to hear what he may do. Adultery is learnt while it is seen; and while the mischief having public authority panders to vices, the matron, who perchance had gone to the spectacle a modest woman, returns from it immodest. Still further, what a degradation of morals it is, what a stimulus to abominable deeds, what food for vice, to be polluted by histrionic gestures, against the covenant and law of one's birth, to gaze in detail upon the endurance of incestuous abominations! Men are emasculated, and all the pride and vigour of their sex is effeminated in the disgrace of their enervated body; and he is most pleasing there who has most completely broken down the man into the woman. He grows into praise by virtue of his crime; and the more he is degraded, the more skilful he is considered to be. Such a one is looked upon--oh shame! and looked upon with pleasure. And what cannot such a creature suggest? He inflames the senses, he flatters the affections, he drives out the more vigorous conscience of a virtuous breast; nor is there wanting authority for the enticing abomination, that the mischief may creep upon people with a less perceptible approach. They picture Venus immodest, Mars adulterous; and that Jupiter of theirs not more supreme in dominion than in vice, inflamed with earthly love in the midst of his own thunders, now growing white in the feathers of a swan, now pouring down in a golden shower, now breaking forth by the help of birds to violate the purity of boys. And now put the question, Can he who looks upon such things be healthy-minded or modest? Men imitate the gods whom they adore, and to such miserable beings their crimes become their religion. ³

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§ 8

Conuerte hinc uultus ad diuersi spectaculi non minus paenitenda contagia: in theatris quoque conspicies, quod tibi et dolori sit et pudori. cothurnus est tragicus, prisca carmine facinora recensere: de parricidiis et incestis horror antiquus expressa ad imaginem ueritatis actione replicatur, ne saeculis transeuntibus exolescat quod aliquando commissum est. admonetur aetas omnis¹ auditu fieri posse quod factum est. numquam aeui² senio delicta moriuntur, numquam temporibus crimen obruitur, ³P. 10 numquam scelus obliuione sepelitur. exempla fiunt quae esse iam facinora destiterunt. tum delectat in mimis turpitudinum⁴ magisterio uel quid domi gesserit recognoscere uel quid gerere possit audire. adulterium discitur dum uidetur, et lenocinante ad uitia publicae auctoritatis malo quae pudica fortasse ad spectaculum matrona processerat, de spectaculo reuertitur inpudica. adhuc deinde morum quanta labes, quae probrorum fomenta, quae alimenta uitiorum⁵, histrionicis gestibus inquinari, uidere contra foedus iusque nascendi patientiam incestae turpitudinis elaboratam: euirantur mares, honor omnis et uigor sexus eneruati corporis dedecore mollitur plusque illic placet, quisque uirum in feminam magis fregerit. in laudem crescit ex crimine et peritior quo turpior iudicatur. spectatur hic pro nefas et libenter. quid non possit suadere qui talis est? mouet sensus, mulcet adfectus⁶, expugnat boni pectoris conscientiam fortiorem: nec deest probri blandientis auctoritas, ut auditu molliore pernicies hominibus obrepat. exprimunt inpudicam Venerem, adulterum Martem, louem illum suum non magis regno quam uitiis principem, in terrenos amores cum ipsis suis fulminibus ardentem, nunc in plumam oloris albescere, nunc aureo imbre defluere, nunc in puerorum pubescentium raptus ministri(auibus prosilire. quaere iam nunc, an possit esse qui spectat integer uel pudicus. deos suos, quos ueneratur, imitatur: fiunt miseris et religiosa delicta.