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Œuvres Augustin d'Hippone (354-430) Confessiones

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Les confessions de Saint Augustin

CHAPITRE IX. VERTUS DE SAINTE MONIQUE.

19. Formée à la modestie et à la sagesse, plutôt soumise par vous à ses parents que par eux à vous, à peine nubile, elle fut remise à un homme qu’elle servit comme son maître; jalouse de l’acquérir à votre épargne, elle n’employait, pour vous prouver à lui, d’autre langage que sa vertu. Et vous la rendiez belle de cette beauté qui lui gagna l’admiration et les respectueux amour de son mari. Elle souffrit ses infidélités avec tant de patience que jamais nuage ne s’éleva entre eux à ce sujet. Elle attendait que votre miséricorde lui donnât avec la foi la chasteté. Naturellement affectueux, elle le savait prompt et irascible, et n’opposait à ses emportements que calme et silence. Aussitôt qu’elle le voyait remis et apaisé, il le lui rendait à propos raison de sa conduite, s’il était arrivé qu’il eût cédé trop légèrement à sa vivacité.

Quand plusieurs des femmes de la ville, mariées à des hommes plus doux, portaient sur leur visage quelque trace des sévices domestiques, accusant, dans l’intimité de l’entretien, les moeurs de leurs maris, ma mère accusait leur langue, et leur donnait avec enjouement ce sérieux avis, qu’à dater de l’heure où lecture leur avait été faite de leur contrat de noces, elles avaient dû le regarder comme l’acte authentique de leur esclavage, et ce souvenir de leur condition devait comprimer en elles toute révolte contre leurs maîtres. Et comme ces femmes, connaissant l’humeur violente de Patricius, ne pouvaient témoigner assez d’étonnement qu’on n’eût jamais ouï dire qu’il eût frappé sa femme, ou que leur bonne intelligence eût souffert un seul jour d’interruption, elles lui en demandaient l’explication secrète; et elle leur enseignait le plan de conduite dont je viens de parler. Celles qui en faisaient l’essai, avaient lieu de s’en (446) féliciter; celles qui n’en tenaient compte, demeuraient dans le servage et l’oppression.

20. Sa belle-mère, au commencement, s’était laissé prévenir contre elle sur de perfides insinuations d’esclaves; mais désarmée par une patience infatigable de douceur et de respects, elle dénonça d’elle-même à son fils ces langues envenimées qui troublaient la paix du foyer, et sollicita leur châtiment. Lui, se rendant à son désir et à l’intérêt de l’union et de l’ordre domestique, châtia les coupables au gré de sa mère. Et elle promit pareille récompense à qui, pour lui plaire, lui dirait du mal de sa belle-fille. Cette leçon ayant découragé la médisance, elles vécurent depuis dans le charme de la plus affectueuse bienveillance.

21. Votre fidèle servante, dont le sein, grâce à vous, m’a donné la vie, ô mon Dieu, ma miséricorde, avait encore reçu de vous un don bien précieux. Entre les dissentiments et les animosités, elle n’intervenait que pour pacifier. Confidente de ces propos pleins de fiel et d’aigreur, nausées d’invectives dont l’intempérance de la haine se soulage sur l’ennemie absente en présence d’une amie, elle ne rapportait de l’une à l’autre que les paroles qui pouvaient servir à les réconcilier.

Cette vertu me paraîtrait bien insignifiante, si une triste expérience ne m’eût appris coin-bien est infini le nombre de ceux qui, frappés de je ne sais quelle contagieuse épidémie de péchés, ne se contentent pas de rapporter à l’ennemi irrité les propos de l’ennemi irrité, mais en ajoutent encore qu’il n’a pas tenus; quand, au contraire, l’esprit d’humanité ne doit compter pour rien de s’abstenir de ces malins rapports qui excitent et enveniment la haine, s’il ne se met en devoir de l’éteindre par de bonnes paroles, ainsi qu’elle en usait, docile écolière du Maître intérieur.

22. Enfin elle parvint à vous gagner son mari sur la fin de sa vie temporelle, et le croyant ne lui donna plus les mêmes sujets de chagrin que l’infidèle.

Elle était aussi la servante de vos serviteurs. Tous ceux d’entre eux de qui elle était connue, vous louaient, vous glorifiaient, vous chérissent en elle, parce qu’ils sentaient votre présence dans son coeur, attestée par les fruits de sa sainte vie. Elle n’avait eu qu’un mari; elle avait acquitté envers ses parents sa dette de reconnaissance, et gouverné sa famille avec, piété; ses bonnes oeuvres lui, rendaient témoignage ( I Tim. V, 4, 9, 10). Ses fils qu’elle avait nourris, elles les enfantait autant de fois qu’elle les voyait s’éloigner de vous. Enfin, quand nous tous, vos serviteurs, mon Dieu, puisque votre libéralité nous permet ce nom, vivions ensemble, avant son sommeil suprême, dans l’union de votre amour et la grâce de votre baptême, elle nous soignait comme si nous eussions été tous ses enfants, elle nous servait comme si chacun de nous eût été son père.

Traduction Masquer
The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books

Chapter IX.--He Describes the Praiseworthy Habits of His Mother; Her Kindness Towards Her Husband and Her Sons.

19. Being thus modestly and soberly trained, and rather made subject by Thee to her parents, than by her parents to Thee, when she had arrived at a marriageable age, she was given to a husband whom she served as her lord. And she busied herself to gain him to Thee, preaching Thee unto him by her behaviour; by which Thou madest her fair, and reverently amiable, and admirable unto her husband. For she so bore the wronging of her bed as never to have any dissension with her husband on account of it. For she waited for Thy mercy upon him, that by believing in Thee he might become chaste. And besides this, as he was earnest in friendship, so was he violent in anger; but she had learned that an angry husband should not be resisted, neither in deed, nor even in word. But so soon as he was grown calm and tranquil, and she saw a fitting moment, she would give him a reason for her conduct, should he have been excited without cause. In short, while many matrons, whose husbands were more gentle, carried the marks of blows on their dishonoured faces, and would in private conversation blame the lives of their husbands, she would blame their tongues, monishing them gravely, as if in jest: "That from the hour they heard what are called the matrimonial tablets 1 read to them, they should think of them as instruments whereby they were made servants; so, being always mindful of their condition, they ought not to set themselves in opposition to their lords." And when they, knowing what a furious husband she endured, marvelled that it had never been reported, nor appeared by any indication, that Patricius had beaten his wife, or that there had been any domestic strife between them, even for a day, and asked her in confidence the reason of this, she taught them her rule, which I have mentioned above. They who observed it experienced the wisdom of it, and rejoiced; those who observed it not were kept in subjection, and suffered.

20. Her mother-in-law, also, being at first prejudiced against her by the whisperings of evil-disposed servants, she so conquered by submission, persevering in it with patience and meekness, that she voluntarily disclosed to her son the tongues of the meddling servants, whereby the domestic peace between herself and her daughter-in-law had been agitated, begging him to punish them for it. When, therefore, he had--in conformity with his mother's wish, and with a view to the discipline of his family, and to ensure the future harmony of its members--corrected with stripes those discovered, according to the will of her who had discovered them, she promised a similar reward to any who, to please her, should say anything evil to her of her daughter-in-law. And, none now daring to do so, they lived together with a wonderful sweetness of mutual good-will.

21. This great gift Thou bestowedst also, my God, my mercy, upon that good handmaid of Thine, out of whose womb Thou createdst me, even that, whenever she could, she showed herself such a peacemaker between any differing and discordant spirits, that when she had heard on both sides most bitter things, such as swelling and undigested discord is wont to give vent to, when the crudities of enmities are breathed out in bitter speeches to a present friend against an absent enemy, she would disclose nothing about the one unto the other, save what might avail to their reconcilement. A small good this might seem to me, did I not know to my sorrow countless persons, who, through some horrible and far-spreading infection of sin, not only disclose to enemies mutually enraged the things said in passion against each other, but add some things that were never spoken at all; whereas, to a generous man, it ought to seem a small thing not to incite or increase the enmities of men by ill-speaking, unless he endeavour likewise by kind words to extinguish them. Such a one was she,--Thou, her most intimate Instructor, teaching her in the school of her heart.

22. Finally, her own husband, now towards the end of his earthly existence, did she gain over unto Thee; and she had not to complain of that in him, as one of the faithful, which, before he became so, she had endured. She was also the servant of Thy servants. Whosoever of them knew her, did in her much magnify, honour, and love Thee; for that through the testimony of the fruits of a holy conversation, they perceived Thee to be present in her heart. For she had "been the wife of one man," had requited her parents, had guided her house piously, was "well-reported of for good works," had "brought up children," 2 as often travailing in birth of them 3 as she saw them swerving from Thee. Lastly, to all of us, O Lord (since of Thy favour Thou sufferest Thy servants to speak), who, before her sleeping in Thee, 4 lived associated together, having received the grace of Thy baptism, did she devote, care such as she might if she had been mother of us all; served us as if she had been child of all.


  1. That is, not only from the time of actual marriage, but from the time of betrothal, when the contract was written upon tablets (see note 10, p. 133), and signed by the contracting parties. The future wife was then called sponsa sperata or pacta. Augustin alludes to this above (vii. sec. 7), when he says, "It is also the custom that the affianced bride (pactae sponsae) should not immediately be given up, that the husband may not less esteem her whom, as betrothed, he longed not for" (non suspiraverit sponsus). It should be remembered, in reading this section, that women amongst the Romans were not confined after the Eastern fashion of the Greeks to separate apartments, but had charge of the domestic arrangements and the training of the children. ↩

  2. 1 Tim. v. 4, 9, 10, 14. ↩

  3. Gal. iv. 19. ↩

  4. 1 Thess. iv. 14. ↩

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Les confessions de Saint Augustin
The Confessions of St. Augustin In Thirteen Books
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