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The Fifteen Books of Aurelius Augustinus, Bishop of Hippo, on the Trinity
Chapter 14.--The Father and the Son the Only Beginning (Principium) of the Holy Spirit.
15. But in their mutual relation to one another in the Trinity itself, if the begetter is a beginning in relation to that which he begets, the Father is a beginning in relation to the Son, because He begets Him; but whether the Father is also a beginning in relation to the Holy Spirit, since it is said, "He proceeds from the Father," is no small question. Because, if it is so, He will not only be a beginning to that thing which He begets or makes, but also to that which He gives. And here, too, that question comes to light, as it can, which is wont to trouble many, Why the Holy Spirit is not also a son, since He, too, comes forth from the Father, as it is read in the Gospel. 1 For the Spirit came forth, not as born, but as given; and so He is not called a son, because He was neither born, as the Only-begotten, nor made, so that by the grace of God He might be born into adoption, as we are. For that which is born of the Father, is referred to the Father only when called Son, and so the Son is the Son of the Father, and not also our Son; but that which is given is referred both to Him who gave, and to those to whom He gave; and so the Holy Spirit is not only the Spirit of the Father and of the Son who gave Him, but He is also called ours, who have received Him: as "The salvation of the Lord," 2 who gives salvation, is said also to be our salvation, who have received it. Therefore, the Spirit is both the Spirit of God who gave Him, and ours who have received Him. Not, indeed, that spirit of ours by which we are, because that is the spirit of a man which is in him; but this Spirit is ours in another mode, viz. that in which we also say, "Give us this day our bread." 3 Although certainly we have received that spirit also, which is called the spirit of a man. "For what hast thou," he says, "which thou didst not receive?" 4 But that is one thing, which we have received that we might be; another, that which we have received that we might be holy. Whence it is also written of John, that he "came in the spirit and power of Elias;" 5 and by the spirit of Elias is meant the Holy Spirit, whom Elias received. And the same thing is to be understood of Moses, when the Lord says to him, "And I will take of thy spirit, and will put it upon them;" 6 that is, I will give to them of the Holy Spirit, which I have already given to thee. If, therefore, that also which is given has him for a beginning by whom it is given, since it has received from no other source that which proceeds from him; it must be admitted that the Father and the Son are a Beginning of the Holy Spirit, not two Beginnings; but as the Father and Son are one God, and one Creator, and one Lord relatively to the creature, so are they one Beginning relatively to the Holy Spirit. But the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit is one Beginning in respect to the creature, as also one Creator and one God. 7
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John xv. 26 ↩
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Ps. iii. 8 ↩
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Matt. vi. 11 ↩
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1 Cor. iv. 7 ↩
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Luke i. 17 ↩
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Num. xi. 17 ↩
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[The term "beginning" (principium), when referring to the relation of the Trinity, or of any person of the Trinity, to the creature, denotes creative energy, whereby a new substance is originated from nothing. This is the reference in chapter 13. But when the term refers to the relations of the persons of the Trinity to each other, it denotes only a modifying energy, whereby an existing uncreated substance is communicated by generation and spiration. This is the reference in chapter 14. When it is said that the Father is the "beginning" of the Son, and the Father and Son are the "beginning" of the Spirit, it is not meant that the substance of the Son is created ex nihilo by the Father, and the substance of the Spirit is created by the Father and Son, but only that the Son by eternal generation receives from the Father the one uncreated and undivided substance of the Godhead, and the Spirit by eternal spiration receives the same numerical substance from the Father and Son. The term "beginning" relates not to the essence, but to the personal peculiarity. Sonship originates in fatherhood; but deity is unoriginated. The Son as the second person "begins" from the Father, because the Father communicates the essence to him. His sonship, not his deity or godhood, "begins" from the Father. And the same holds true of the term "beginning" as applied to the Holy Spirit. The "procession" of the Holy Spirit "begins" by spiration from the Father and Son, but not his deity or godhood.--W.G.T.S.] ↩
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De la trinité
CHAPITRE XIV.
LE PÈRE ET LE FILS SONT LE PRINCIPE DE L’ESPRIT-SAINT.
- Dans la Trinité la personne qui engendre est dite principe par rapport à la personne qui est engendrée. C’est ainsi que le Père est principe du Fils, parce qu’il l’engendre. Mais soudain se présente une grave et difficile question, à savoir si le Père « de qui procède l’Esprit-Saint », est le principe de cet Esprit. Si je réponds affirmativement, il s’ensuit qu’on doit nommer principe, non-seulement celui qui produit et enfante quelque oeuvre, mais encore celui qui fait un don quelconque. Mais ici rappelons tout. d’abord, et comme pouvant nous donner quelque lumière, que le Fils n’est point le Saint-Esprit, quoique cet Esprit soit sorti du Père, ainsi qu’il est dit dans l’Evangile (Jean, XV, 26 ). Je sais bien que cette assertion préoccupe plusieurs esprits; et néanmoins il est vrai de dire que l’Esprit-Saint diffère du Fils parce qu’il est sorti dit Père, non comme Fils, mais comme don. Nous ne saurions donc le nommer Fils, puisqu’il n’est point né comme Fils unique du Père, qu’en outre, il n’est point, comme l’homme, venu au monde pour recevoir la grâce de l’adoption divine. Quand nous disons que le Fils est né du Père, nous n’avons égard qu’à sa génération éternelle, et nullement à sa génération temporelle. Aussi n’est-il point Fils du Père dans le même sens qu’il est fils de l’homme. S’agit-il au contraire de l’Esprit qui est donné, nous le rapportons également et à celui qui le donne, et à ceux auxquels il est donné. Ainsi l’Esprit-Saint n’est pas seulement l’Esprit du Père et du Fils qui nous l’ont donné, mais il est encore l’Esprit de nous tous qui le recevons. Et de même nous disons que Dieu est notre salut (Ps. III, 9 ), parce qu’il en est l’auteur et le principe, et que nous le recevons de sa bonté.
Cependant l’Esprit-Saint n’est point en nous l’esprit, ou le souffle de la vie, et il n’est dans l’homme que d’une manière toute spirituelle. Aussi ne l’appelons-nous nôtre que dans le même sens que nous disons à Dieu: « Donnez-nous notre pain (Matt., VI, 11 )». Nous reconnaissons toutefois que nous ne nous sommes point donné l’esprit ou le souffle de la vie, puisque l’Apôtre nous dit: « Qu’avez-vous que vous n’ayez reçu (I Cor., IV, 7 )? » Mais autre est l’esprit que nous avons reçu pour vivre, et autre l’Esprit que nous recevons pour devenir des saints. C’est pourquoi, lorsque l’évangéliste saint Luc dit de Jean-Baptiste qu’il devait venir en l’Esprit et la vertu d’Elie, nous devons entendre ces mots de l’Esprit-Saint qu’Elie avait reçu (Luc, I, 17). Tel est également le sens de cette parole du Seigneur à Moïse : « Je prendrai de Votre « Esprit, et je le leur donnerai », c’est-à-dire que je leur ferai part de l’Esprit-Saint que je vous ai donné (Nomb., XI, 17 ). Si donc l’Esprit-Saint qui est donné, a pour principe celui qui le donne, parce qu’il ne procède que de lui, il faut avouer qu’à l’égard de ce divin Esprit le Père et le Fils sont un seul et unique principe, et non deux principes. Et en effet, comme le Père et le Fils ne sont qu’un seul et même Dieu, ils ne sont également, par rapport aux créatures, qu’un seul et même Seigneur, un seul et même Créateur. Et de même à l’égard de l’Esprit-Saint, ils ne sont qu’un seul et unique principe. S’agit-il au contraire d’exprimer les rapports de la Trinité avec la création? le Père, le Fils et l’Esprit-Saint sont un seul principe, un seul Créateur et un seul Seigneur.