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Barnabas (Lightfoot)

12.

1. Ὁμοίως πάλιν περὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ ὁρίζειἐν ἄλλῳ προφήτῃ λέγοντι· Καὶ πότε ταῦτα συντελεσθήσεται;λέγει κύριος· ὅταν ξύλον κλιθῇκαὶ ἀναστῇ, καὶ ὅταν ἐκ ξύλου αἷμα στάξῃ.ἔχεις πάλιν περὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ καὶ τοῦ σταυροῦσθαι¹ μέλλοντος. 2. λέγει δὲ πάλιν τῷ Μωῡσῇ,² πολεμουμένου τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων,καὶ ἵνα ὑπομνήσῃ αὐτοὺς πολεμουμένους, ὅτι διὰτὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν παρεδόθησαν εἰς θάνατον·λέγει εἰς τὴν καρδίαν Μωϋσέως τὸ πνεῦμα, ἵναποιήσῃ τύπον σταυροῦ καὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος πάσχειν,ὅτι, ἐὰν μή, φησίν, ἐλπίσωσιν ἐπ̓ αὐτῷ, εἰςτὸν αἰῶνα πολεμηθήσονται. τίθησιν οὖν Μωϋσῆςἓν ἐφ̓ ἓν ὅπλον ἐν μέσῳ τῆς πυγμῆς, καὶ ὑψηλότεροςσταθεὶς πάντων ἐξέτεινεν τὰς χεῖρας, καὶ[P. 384]()οὕτως πάλιν ἐνίκα ὁ Ἰσραήλ. εἶτα, ὁπόταν καθεῖλεν,ἐθανατοῦντο. 3. πρὸς τί; ἵνα γνῶσιν ὅτιοὐ δύνανται σωθῆναι, ἑὰν μὴ ἐπ̓ αὐτῷ ἐλπίσωσιν.³ 4. καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ λέγει· Ὅληντὴν ἡμέραν ἐξεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου πρὸς λαὸνἀπειθῆ⁴ καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα ὁδῷ δικαίᾳ μου. 5. πάλιν Μωϋσῆς ποιεῖ τύπον τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτι δεῖαὐτὸν παθεῖν, καὶ αὐτὸς ζωοποιήσει, ὃν δόξουσινἀπολωλεκέναι, ἐν σημείῳ πίπτοντος τοῦ Ἰσραήλ,⁵ ʽἐποίησεν γὰρ κύριος πάντα ὄφιν δάκνειν αὐτούς,καὶ ἀπέθνησκον ἐπειδὴ ἡ παράβασις διὰ τοῦὄφεως ἐν Εὔᾳ ἐγένετὀ. ἵνα ἐλέγξῃ αὐτούς. ὅτι διὰτὴν παράβασιν αὐτῶν εἰς θλῖψιν θανάτου παραδοθήσονται.⁶ 6. πέρας γέ τοι αὐτὸς Μωϋσῆςἐντειλάμενος· Οὐκ ἔσται ὑμῖν οὔτε χωνευτὸνοὔτε γλυπτὸν εἰς θεὸν ὑμῖν. αὐτὸς ποιεῖ, ἵνα τύποντοῦ Ἰησοῦ δείξῃ. ποιεῖ οὖν Μωϋσῆς χαλκοῦνὄφιν καὶ τίθησιν ἐνδόξως καὶ κηρύγματι καλεῖ τὸνλαόν. 7. ἐλθόντες οὖν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐδέοντο Μωῦσέως,ἵνα περὶ αὐτῶν ἀνενέγκῃ δέησιν περὶ τῆςἰάσεως αὐτῶν. εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς Μωϋσῆς·⁷ Ὅταν, φησίν. δηχθῇ τις ὑμῶν, ἐλθέτω ἐπὶ τὸνὄφιν τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου ἐπικείμενον καὶ ἐλπισάτωπιστεύσας, ὅτι αὐτὸς ὢν νεκρὸς δύναται ζωοποιῆσαι,καὶ παραχρῆμα σωθήσεται. καὶ οὕτωςἐποίουν. ἔχεις πάλιν καὶ ἐν τούτοις τὴν δόξαντοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ πάντα καὶ εἰς αὐτόν.⁸ 8. τί λέγει πάλιν Μωϋσῆς Ἰησοῦ, υἱῷ Ναυή,ἐπιθεὶς αὐτῷ τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα, ὄντι προφήτῃ, ἵναμόνον ἀκούσῃ πᾶς ὁ λαός; ὅτι πάντα ὁ πατὴρP. 386 φανεροῖ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἰησοῦ. 9. λέγει οὖνΜωϋσῆς Ἰησοῦ, υἱῷ Ναυή, ἐπιθεὶς τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα,⁹ ὁπότε ἔπεμψεν αὐτὸν κατάσκοπον τῆς γῆς· Λάβεβιβλίον εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου καὶ γράψον, ἃ λέγεικύριος, ὅτι ἐκκόψει ἐκ ῥιζῶν τὸν οἶκον πάντα τοῦἈμαλὴκ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπ̓ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν. 10. ἴδε πάλιν Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ¹⁰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, τύπῳ δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ φανερωθείς. ἐπεὶοὖν μέλλουσιν λέγειν, ὅτι Χριστὸς υἱὸς Δαυείδἐστιν,¹¹ αὐτὸς προφητεύει Δαυείδ, φοβούμενος καὶ¹² συνίων τὴν πλάνην τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν· Εἷπενκύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου· Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕωςἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου.¹³ 1 1. καὶ πάλιν λέγει οὕτως Ἡσαΐας· Εἷπεν κύριοςτῷ Χριστῷ μου κυρίῳ. οὗ ἐκράτησα τῆς δεξιᾶςαὐτοῦ, ἐπακοῦσαι ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ ἔθνη, καὶἰσχὺν βασιλέων διαρρήξω. ἴδε, πῶς Δαυεὶδ λέγει¹⁴ αὐτὸν κύριον. καὶ υἱὸν οὐ λέγει.

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The Epistle of Barnabas

Chapter XII.--The cross of Christ frequently announced in the Old Testament.

In like manner He points to the cross of Christ in another prophet, who saith, ¹ "And when shall these things be accomplished? And the Lord saith, When a tree shall be bent down, and again arise, and when blood shall flow out of wood." ² Here again you have an intimation concerning the cross, and Him who should be crucified. Yet again He speaks of this ³ in Moses, when Israel was attacked by strangers. And that He might remind them, when assailed, that it was on account of their sins they were delivered to death, the Spirit speaks to the heart of Moses, that he should make a figure of the cross, ⁴ and of Him about to suffer thereon; for unless they put their trust in Him, they shall be overcome for ever. Moses therefore placed one weapon above another in the midst of the hill, ⁵ and standing upon it, so as to be higher than all the people, he stretched forth his hands, ⁶ and thus again Israel acquired the mastery. But when again he let down his hands, they were again destroyed. For what reason? That they might know that they could not be saved unless they put their trust in Him. ⁷

And in another prophet He declares, "All day long I have stretched forth My hands to an unbelieving people, and one that gainsays My righteous way." ⁸ And again Moses makes a type of Jesus, [signifying] that it was necessary for Him to suffer, [and also] that He would be the author of life ⁹ [to others], whom they believed to have destroyed on the cross ¹⁰ when Israel was falling. For since transgression was committed by Eve through means of the serpent, [the Lord] brought it to pass that every [kind of] serpents bit them, and they died, ¹¹ that He might convince them, that on account of their transgression they were given over to the straits of death. Moreover Moses, when he commanded, "Ye shall not have any graven or molten [image] for your God," ¹² did so that he might reveal a type of Jesus. Moses then makes a brazen serpent, and places it upon a beam, ¹³ and by proclamation assembles the people. When, therefore, they were come together, they besought Moses that he would offer sacrifice ¹⁴ in their behalf, and pray for their recovery. And Moses spake unto them, saying, "When any one of you is bitten, let him come to the serpent placed on the pole; and let him hope and believe, that even though dead, it is able to give him life, and immediately he shall be restored." ¹⁵ And they did so. Thou hast in this also [an indication of] the glory of Jesus; for in Him and to Him are all things. ¹⁶ What, again, says Moses to Jesus (Joshua) the son of Nave, when he gave him ¹⁷ this name, as being a prophet, with this view only, that all the people might hear that the Father would reveal all things concerning His Son Jesus to the son ¹⁸ of Nave? This name then being given him when he sent him to spy out the land, he said, "Take a book into thy hands, and write what the Lord declares, that the Son of God will in the last days cut off from the roots all the house of Amalek." ¹⁹ Behold again: Jesus who was manifested, both by type and in the flesh, ²⁰ is not the Son of man, but the Son of God. Since, therefore, they were to say that Christ was the son ²¹ of David, fearing and understanding the error of the wicked, he saith, "The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit at My right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy footstool." ²² And again, thus saith Isaiah, "The Lord said to Christ, ²³ my Lord, whose right hand I have holden, ²⁴ that the nations should yield obedience before Him; and I will break in pieces the strength of kings." ²⁵ Behold how David calleth Him Lord and the Son of God.

(peges), as above.