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Barnabas (Lightfoot)

6.

1. Ὅτε οὖν ἐποίησεν τὴν ἐντολήν, τί λέγει; Τίςὁ κρινόμενός μοι; ἀντιστήτω μοι· ἡ τίς ὁ δικαιούμενόςμοι; ἐγγισάτω τῷ παιδὶ κυρίου. 2. οὐαὶ ὑμῖν,ὅτι ὑμεῖς πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσεσθε, καὶσὴς καταφάγεται ὑμᾶς. καὶ πάλιν λέγει ὁ προφήτης,¹ ἐπεὶ ὡς λίθος ἰσχυρὸς ἐτέθη εἰς συντριβήν·Ἰδού, ἐμβαλῶ εἰς τὰ θεμέλια Σιὼν λίθον πολυτελῆ,² ἐκλεκτόν, ἀκρογωνιαῖον, ἔντιμον. 3. εἶτα τί³ λέγει; Καὶ ὃς ἐλπίσει ἐπ̓ αὐτὸν⁴ ζήσεται εἰς τὸναἰῶνα. ἐπὶ λίθον οὖν ἡμῶν ἡ ἐλπίς; μὴ γένοιτο·ἀλλ̓ ἐπεὶ ἐν ἰσχύϊ τέθεικεν τὴν σάρκα αὐτοῦ⁵ κύριος. λέγει γάρ· Καὶ ἔθηκέ με ὡς στερεὰν⁶ πέτραν. 4. λέγει δὲ πάλιν ὁ προφήτης· Λίθονὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθηεἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας. καὶ πάλιν λέγει· Αὕτηἐστὶν ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη καὶ θαυμαστή, ἣν ἐποίησενὁ κύριος. 5. ἁπλούστερον ὑμῖν γράφω,ἵνα συνιῆτε· ἐγὼ περίψημα τῆς ἀγάπης ὑμῶν.⁷ 6. τί οὗν λέγει πάλιν ὁ προφήτης; Περιέσχεν μεσυναγωγὴ πονηρευομένων, ἐκύκλωσάν με ὡσεὶ⁸ μέλισσαι κηρίον, καί· Ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμόν μουἔβαλον κλῆρον. 7. ἐν σαρκὶ οὖν αὐτοῦ μέλλοντοςφανεροῦσθαι καὶ πάσχειν, προεφανερώθητὸ πάθος. λέγει γὰρ ὁ προφήτης ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραήλ·⁹ Οὐαὶ τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτῶν, ὅτι βεβούλευνται βουλὴνπονηρὰν καθ̓ ἑαυτῶν, εἰπόντες· Δήσωμεν τὸν[P. 360]() δίκαιον, ὅτι δύσχρηστος ἡμῖν ἐστίν. 8. τί λέγει¹⁰ ὁ ἄλλος προφήτης Μωϋσῆς αὐτοῖς; Ἰδού, τάδε¹¹ λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός· Εἰσέλθατε εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴνἀγαθήν, ἣν ὤμοσεν κύριος τῷ Ἀβραὰμ καὶἸσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακώβ, καὶ κατακληρονομήσατεαὐτήν, γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι. 9. τί δὲλέγει ἡ γνῶσις; μάθετε. ἐλπίσατε, φησίν,¹² ἐπὶτὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μέλλοντα φανεροῦσθαι ὑμῖν Ἰησοῦν.ἄνθρωπος γὰρ γῆ ἐστιν πάσχουσα· ἀπὸ προσώπουγὰρ τῆς γῆς ἡ πλάσις τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἐγένετο.¹³ 10. τί οὖν λέγει· Εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθήν, γῆνῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι; εὐλογητὸς ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν,ἀδελφοί, ὁ σοφίαν καὶ νοῦν θέμενος ἐν ἡμῖν τῶνκρυφίων αὐτοῦ· λέγει γὰρ ὁ προφήτης παραβολὴνκυρίου· τίς νοήσει, εἰ μὴ σοφὸς καὶ ἐπιστήμων¹⁴ καὶ ἀγαπῶν τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ; 11. ἐπεὶοὖν ἀνακαινίσας ἡμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἀφέσει τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν,ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς ἄλλον τύπον, ὡς παιδίωνἔχειν τὴν ψυχήν, ὡς ἂν δὴ ἀναπλάσσοντος αὐτοῦἡμᾶς. 12. λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ περὶ ἡμῶν, ὡς¹⁵ λέγει τῷ υἱῷ· Ποιήσωμεν κατ̓ εἰκόνα καὶ καθ̓ὁμοίωσιν ἡμῶν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ἀρχέτωσαντῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς καὶ τῶν πετεινῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦκαὶ τῶν ἰχθύων τῆς θαλάσσης. καὶ εἶπεν κύριος,¹⁶ ἰδὼν τὸ καλὸν πλάσμα ἡμῶν· Λὐξάνεσθε καὶπληθυνέσθε καὶ πληρώσατε τὴν γῆν. ταῦταπρὸς τὸν υἱόν. 13. πάλιν σοι ἐπιδείξω, πῶςπρὸς ἡμᾶς λέγει.¹⁷ δευτέραν πλάσιν ἐπ̓ ἐσχάτων[P. 362]() ¹⁸ ἐποίησεν. λέγει δὲ κύριος· Ἰδού, ποιῶ τὰ ἔσχαταὡς τὰ πρῶτα. εἰς τοῦτο οὖν ἐκήρυξεν ὁ προφήτης·¹⁹ Εἰσέλθατε εἰς γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλικαὶ κατακυριεύσατε αὐτῆς. 14. ἴδε οὖν, ἡμεῖςἀναπεπλάσμεθα, καθὼς πάλιν ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ²⁰ λέγει· Ἰδού, λέγει κύριος, ἐξελῶ τούτων, τουτέστινὧν προέβλεπεν τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου, τὰςλιθίνας καρδίας καὶ ἐμβαλῶ σαρκίνας· ὅτι αὐτὸςἐν σαρκὶ ἔμελλεν φανεροῦσθαι καὶ ἐν ἡμῖνκατοικεῖν. 15. ναὸς γὰρ ἅγιος, ἀδελφοί μου,τῷ κυρίῳ τὸ κατοικητήριον ἡμῶν τῆς καρδίας.²¹ 16. λέγει γὰρ κύριος πάλιν· Καὶ ἐν τίνι ὀφθήσομαιτῷ κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ μου καὶ δοξασθήσομαι;²² λέγει· Ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ ἀδελφῶνμου, καὶ ψαλῶ σοι ἀνάμεσον ἐκκλησίας ἁγίων.οὐκοῦν ἡμεῖς ἐσμέν, οὕς εἰσήγαγεν εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴνἀγαθήν. 17. τί οὖν τὸ γάλα καὶ τὸ μέλι; ὅτιπρῶτον τὸ παιδίον μέλιτι, εἶτα γάλακτι ζωοποιεῖται·οὕτως οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς τῇ πίστει τῆς ἐπαγγελίαςκαὶ τῷ λόγῳ ζωοποιούμενοι ζήσομεν κατακυριεύοντεςτῆς γῆς. 18. προειρήκαμεν²³ δὲ²⁴ ἐπάνω. Καὶ αὐξανέσθωσαν καὶ πληθυνέσθωσανκαὶ ἀρχέτωσαν τῶν ἰχθύων. τίς οὖν ὁ δυνάμενοςνῦν ἄρχειν θηρίων ἤ ἰχθύων ἤ πετεινῶν τοῦοὐρανοῦ; αἰσθάνεσθαι γὰρ ὀφείλομεν, ὅτι τὸἄρχειν ἐξουσίας ἐστίν, ἵνα τις ἐπιτάξας κυριεύσῃ. 19. εἰ οὖν οὐ γίνεται τοῦτο νῦν, ἄρα ἡμῖν εἴρηκεν,πότε· ὅταν καὶ αὐτοὶ τελειωθῶμεν κληρονόμοιτῆς διαθήκης κυρίου γενέσθαι.P. 364

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The Epistle of Barnabas

Chapter VI.--The sufferings of Christ, and the new covenant, were announced by the prophets.

When, therefore, He has fulfilled the commandment, what saith He? "Who is he that will contend with Me? let him oppose Me: or who is he that will enter into judgment with Me? let him draw near to the servant of the Lord." ¹ "Woe unto you, for ye shall all wax old, like a garment, and the moth shall eat you up." ² And again the prophet says, "Since ³ as a mighty stone He is laid for crushing, behold I cast down for the foundations of Zion a stone, precious, elect, a corner-stone, honourable." Next, what says He? "And he who shall trust ⁴ in it shall live for ever." Is our hope, then, upon a stone? Far from it. But [the language is used] inasmuch as He laid his flesh [as a foundation] with power; for He says, "And He placed me as a firm rock." ⁵ And the prophet says again, "The stone which the builders rejected, the same has become the head of the corner." ⁶ And again he says, "This is the great and wonderful day which the Lord hath made." ⁷ I write the more simply unto you, that ye may understand. I am the off-scouring of your love. ⁸ What, then, again says the prophet? "The assembly of the wicked surrounded me; they encompassed me as bees do a honeycomb," ⁹ and "upon my garment they cast lots." ¹⁰ Since, therefore, He was about to be manifested and to suffer in the flesh, His suffering was foreshown. For the prophet speaks against Israel, "Woe to their soul, because they have counselled an evil counsel against themselves, ¹¹ saying, Let us bind the just one, because he is displeasing to us." ¹² And Moses also says to them, ¹³ "Behold these things, saith the Lord God: Enter into the good land which the Lord swore [to give] to Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and inherit ye it, a land flowing with milk and honey." ¹⁴ What, then, says Knowledge? ¹⁵ Learn: "Trust," she says, "in Him who is to be manifested to you in the flesh--that is, Jesus." For man is earth in a suffering state, for the formation of Adam was from the face of the earth. What, then, meaneth this: "into the good land, a land flowing with milk and honey?" Blessed be our Lord, who has placed in us wisdom and understanding of secret things. For the prophet says, "Who shall understand the parable of the Lord, except him who is wise and prudent, and who loves his Lord?" ¹⁶ Since, therefore, having renewed us by the remission of our sins, He hath made us after another pattern, [it is His purpose] that we should possess the soul of children, inasmuch as He has created us anew by His Spirit. ¹⁷ For the Scripture says concerning us, while He speaks to the Son, "Let Us make man after Our image, and after Our likeness; and let them have dominion over the beasts of the earth, and the fowls of heaven, and the fishes of the sea." ¹⁸ And the Lord said, on beholding the fair creature ¹⁹ man, "Increase, and multiply, and replenish the earth." ²⁰ These things [were spoken] to the Son. Again, I will show thee how, in respect to us, ²¹ He has accomplished a second fashioning in these last days. The Lord says, "Behold, I will make ²² the last like the first." ²³ In reference to this, then, the prophet proclaimed, "Enter ye into the land flowing with milk and honey, and have dominion over it." ²⁴ Behold, therefore, we have been refashioned, as again He says in another prophet, "Behold, saith the Lord, I will take away from these, that is, from those whom the Spirit of the Lord foresaw, their stony hearts, and I will put hearts of flesh within them," ²⁵ because He ²⁶ was to be manifested in flesh, and to sojourn among us. For, my brethren, the habitation of our heart is a holy temple to the Lord. ²⁷ For again saith the Lord, "And wherewith shall I appear before the Lord my God, and be glorified?" ²⁸ He says, ²⁹ "I will confess to thee in the Church in the midst ³⁰ of my brethren; and I will praise thee in the midst of the assembly of the saints." ³¹ We, then, are they whom He has led into the good land. What, then, mean milk and honey? This, that as the infant is kept alive first by honey, and then by milk, so also we, being quickened and kept alive by the faith of the promise and by the word, shall live ruling over the earth. But He said above, ³² "Let them increase, and rule over the fishes." ³³ Who then is able to govern the beasts, or the fishes, or the fowls of heaven? For we ought to perceive that to govern implies authority, so that one should command and rule. If, therefore, this does not exist at present, yet still He has promised it to us. When? When we ourselves also have been made perfect [so as] to become heirs of the covenant of the Lord. ³⁴