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Barnabas (Lightfoot)

8.

1. Τίνα δὲ δοκεῖτε τύπον εἶναι, ὅτι ἐντέταλταιτῷ Ἰσραὴλ προσφέρειν δάμαλιν τοὺς ἄνδρας, ἐνοἷς εἰσὶν ἁμαρτίαι τέλειαι, καὶ σφάξαντας κατακαίειν,καὶ αἴρειν τότε τὴν σποδὸν παιδία καὶβάλλειν εἰς ἄγγη καὶ περιτιθέναι τὸ ἔριον τὸκόκκινον ἐπὶ ξύλον ʽἴδε πάλιν ὁ τύπος ὁ τοῦσταυροῦ καὶ τὸ ἔριον τὸ κόκκινον̓ καὶ τὸ ὕσσωπον,καὶ οὕτως ῥαντίζειν τὰ παιδία καθ̓ ἕνα τὸν λαόν,ἵνα ἁγνίζωνται ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν; 2. νοεῖτε,πῶς ἐν ἁπλότητι λέγει ὑμῖν. ὁ μόσχος ὁ Ἰησοῦςἐστίν, οἱ προσφέροντες ἄνδρες ἁμαρτωλοὶ οἱπροσενέγκαντες αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν σφαγήν. εἶταοὐκέτι ἄνδρες, οὐκέτι ἁμαρτωλῶν ἡ δόξα.¹ 3. οἱῥαντίζοντες παῖδες οἱ εὐαγγελισάμενοι ἡμῖν τὴνἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν καὶ τὸν ἁγνισμὸν τῆς καρδίας,οἷς ἔδωκεν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τὴν ἐξουσίανʽοὖσιν δεκάδυο εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν φυλῶν ὅτι δεκάδυοφυλαὶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ̓, εἰς τὸ κηρύσσειν. 4. διὰτί δὲ τρεῖς παῖδες οἱ ῥαντίζοντες; εἰς μαρτύριονἈβραάμ, Ἰσαάκ, Ἰακώβ, ὅτι οὗτοι μεγάλοι τῷθεῷ. 5. ὅτι δὲ τὸ ἔριον ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον ; ὅτι ἡP. 370 βασιλεία Ἰησοῦ ἐπὶ ξύλου,² καὶ ὅτι οἱ ἐλπίζοντεςἐπ̓ αὐτὸν ζήσονται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. 6. διὰ τί δὲἅμα τὸ ἔριον καὶ τὸ ὕσσωπον; ὅτι ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳαὐτοῦ ἡμέραι ἔσονται πονηραὶ καὶ ῥυπαραί, ἐν αἷςἡμεῖς σωθησόμεθα· ὅτι καὶ ὁ ἀλγῶν σάρκα διὰτοῦ ῥύπου τοῦ ὑσσύπου ἰᾶται. 7. καὶ διὰ τοῦτοοὕτως γενόμενα ἡμῖν μέν ἐστιν φανερά, ἐκείνοις δὲσκοτεινά, ὅτι οὐκ ἤκουσαν φωνῆς κυρίου.

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The Epistle of Barnabas

Chapter VIII.--The red heifer a type of Christ.

Now what do you suppose this to be a type of, that a command was given to Israel, that men of the greatest wickedness ¹ should offer a heifer, and slay and burn it, and, that then boys should take the ashes, and put these into vessels, and bind round a stick ² purple wool along with hyssop, and that thus the boys should sprinkle the people, one by one, in order that they might be purified from their sins? Consider how He speaks to you with simplicity. The calf ³ is Jesus: the sinful men offering it are those who led Him to the slaughter. But now the men are no longer guilty, are no longer regarded as sinners. ⁴ And the boys that sprinkle are those that have proclaimed to us the remission of sins and purification of heart. To these He gave authority to preach the Gospel, being twelve in number, corresponding to the twelve tribes ⁵ of Israel. But why are there three boys that sprinkle? To correspond ⁶ to Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, because these were great with God. And why was the wool [placed] upon the wood? Because by wood Jesus holds His kingdom, so that [through the cross] those believing on Him shall live for ever. But why was hyssop joined with the wool? Because in His kingdom the days will be evil and polluted in which we shall be saved, [and] because he who suffers in body is cured through the cleansing ⁷ efficacy of hyssop. And on this account the things which stand thus are clear to us, but obscure to them because they did not hear the voice of the Lord.