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Kirchengeschichte (BKV)
25. Sammlung der Rechtgläubigen zu Antiochien durch Flavian und Diodor
In Antiochien, wo Valens weitaus die meiste Zeit sich aufhielt, gewährte er allen Freiheit, den Heiden, Juden und allen denen, welche zwar den christlichen Namen führen, aber das Gegenteil von dem predigen, was die Evangelien lehren. Die Diener des Irrtums begingen ihre heidnischen Feste, und Valens gestattete, daß der nach Julians Tod von Jovian unterdrückte Irrtum wieder aufblühte; die Orgien des Zeus, des Dionysos und der Demeter feierten sie nicht im Verborgenen wie unter einer rechtgläubigen Regierung, sondern sie führten ihre bacchantischen Züge mitten über den Marktplatz. Nur allein den Verkündigern der apostolischen Lehre war er feindselig gesinnt. Zuerst vertrieb er sie aus den heiligen Stätten; der allgepriesene Jovian hatte ihnen nämlich auch die neugebaute Kirche übergeben. Als sie darauf am Fuße des Berges sich versammelten, um den Herrn mit Lobliedern zu preisen und an den heiligen Schriften sich zu erquicken, wobei sie die widrigen Einflüsse der Witterung, jetzt Regen, Schnee und Kälte, dann wieder die brennendste Hitze zu ertragen S. 250 hatten, da gestattete er ihnen nicht einmal, dieses mühevollen geistlichen Trostes sich zu erfreuen, sondern schickte Soldaten und ließ sie auseinander treiben.
Aber Flavian und Diodor brachen wie eine Schutzwehr die anstürmenden Wogen. Da nämlich ihr Hirte Meletius gezwungen war, in der Ferne zu weilen, übernahmen diese die Sorge für die Herde, stellten den Wölfen ihre männliche Kraft und Klugheit entgegen und ließen den Schafen die passende Pflege angedeihen. Aus dem Gelände am Fuße des Berges vertrieben, weideten sie die Schafe am Ufer des nahen Flusses. Denn sie konnten sich nicht dazu verstehen, wie die Gefangenen in Babylon ihre Harfen an die Weiden zu hängen1, sondern sie lobten ihren Schöpfer und Wohltäter „an jedem Orte seiner Herrschaft2”. Aber nicht einmal an diesem Orte konnte der Feind die Zusammenkunft der Rechtgläubigen ertragen, der Feind, der allein diejenigen verfolgte, welche den Herrn Christus als Gott verehrten. Neuerdings sammelten nun jene beiden bewunderungswürdigen priesterlichen Hirten die Schafe Gottes auf dem militärischen Übungsplatz und reichten ihnen da die geistige Nahrung. Diodorus, dieser so weise und mutige Mann, glich einem klaren und mächtigen Strome, der den Seinigen kühlenden Trank lieferte, die Lästerungen der Gegner dagegen hinwegschwemmte. Dabei nahm er keine Rücksicht auf den Ruhm seines Geschlechtes, sondern ertrug die Drangsale für den Glauben mit freudigem Herzen. Auch der edle Flavian stammte aus vornehmem Geschlechte, hielt aber nur Frömmigkeit und Rechtgläubigkeit für echten Adel und bildete gleich einem Lehrer der Ringkunst den großen Diodor sozusagen zu einem in allen Kämpfen gewandten Athleten aus. In jener Zeit predigte er nämlich nicht selbst in den kirchlichen Versammlungen, gab aber denen, die dieses taten, eine reiche Fülle von Gedanken und Schriftstellen an die Hand, so daß also diese gegen die Lästerungen des Arius den Bogen spannten, jener aber hiezu aus seinem Geiste wie aus einem Köcher die Pfeile S. 251 lieferte. Zu Hause allerdings und auch in der Öffentlichkeit disputierte er und zerriß dann mit Leichtigkeit die Netze der Häretiker und erwies ihre Einwürfe als Spinnengewebe.
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The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)
Chapter IV. Of Eusebius Bishop of Samosata.
1 Apollinarius after thus failing to get the government of the churches, continued, for the future, openly to preach his new fangled doctrine, and constituted himself leader of the heresy. He resided for the most part at Laodicea; but at Antioch he had already ordained Vitalius, a man of excellent character, brought up in the apostolic doctrines, but afterwards tainted with the heresy. Diodorus, whom I have already mentioned, 2 who in the great storm had saved the ship of the church from sinking, had been appointed by the divine Meletius, bishop of Tarsus, and had received the charge of the Cilicians. The see of Apamea 3 Meletius entrusted to John, a man of illustrious birth, more distinguished for his own high qualities than for those of his forefathers, for he was conspicuous alike for the beauty of his teaching and of his life. In the time of the tempest he piloted the assembly of his fellows in the faith supported by the worthy Stephanus. The latter was however translated by the divine Meletius to carry on another contest, for on the arrival of intelligence that Germanicia had been contaminated by the Eudoxian pest he was sent thither as a physician to ward off the disease, thoroughly trained as he had been in a complete heathen education as well as nurtured in the Divine doctrines. He did not disappoint the expectations formed of him, for by the power P. 134 of his spiritual instruction he turned the wolves into sheep. 4
On the return of the great Eusebius from exile he ordained Acacius whose fame is great at Berœa, 5 and at Hierapolis Theodotus, 6 whose ascetic life is to this day in all men’s mouths. Eusebius 7 was moreover appointed to the see of Chalcis, and Isidorus 8 to our own city of Cyrus; both admirable men, conspicuous for their divine zeal.
Meletius is also reported to have ordained to the pastorate of Edessa, where the godly Barses had already departed this life, Eulogius, 9 the well known champion of apostolic doctrines, who had been sent to Antinone with Protogenes. Eulogius gave Protogenes, 10 his companion in hard service, the charge of Carræ, a healing physician for a sick city.
Lastly the divine Eusebius ordained Maris, Bishop of Doliche, 11 a little city at that time infected with the Arian plague. With the intention of enthroning this Maris, a right worthy man, illustrious for various virtues, in the episcopal chair, the great Eusebius came to Doliche. As he was entering into the town a woman thoroughly infected with the Arian plague let fall a tile from the roof, which crushed in his head and so wounded him that not long after he departed to the better life. As he lay a-dying he charged the bystanders not to exact the slightest penalty from the woman who had done the deed, and bound them under oaths to obey him. Thus he imitated his own Lord, who of them that crucified Him said “Father forgive them for they know not what they do.” 12
Thus, too, he followed the example of Stephanus, his fellow slave, who, after the stones had stormed upon him, cried aloud, “Lord lay not this sin to their charge.” 13 So died the great Eusebius after many and various struggles. He had escaped the barbarians in Thrace, but he did not escape the violence of impious heretics, and by their means won the martyr’s crown. 14
These events happened after the return of the bishops, and now Gratian learnt that Thrace was being laid waste by the barbarians who had burnt Valens, so he left Italy and proceeded to Pannonia.
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cf. page 93. ↩
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Vide pages 85 and 126. ↩
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Ad Orentem, now Famiah. This John was prefect at Constantinople in 381. A better known John of Apamea is an ascetic of the 5th c., fragments of whose works are among the Syriac mss. in the British Museum. ↩
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This seems to be all that is known of Stephanus of Germanicia (now Marash or Banicia in Syria) mentioned also as the see of Eudoxius. cf. Book II. p. 86. ↩
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Acacius of Berœa (Aleppo) was later an opponent of Chrysostom and of Cyril, but in his old age of more than 100 in 436. ↩
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Theodotus is mentioned also in the Relig. Hist. c. iii. as paying an Easter visit to the hermit Marcian. Hierapolis, or Bambyce, is now Bumbouch in the Pachalic of Aleppo. ↩
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Similarly mentioned in Relig. Hist. c. iii. Chalcis is in Cœle Syria. ↩
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Also one of Marcian’s Easter party. As well as these bishops there were present some men of high rank and position, who were earnest Christians. When all were seated, Marcian was asked to address them. “But he fetched a deep sigh and said ‘the God of all day by day utters his voice by means of the visible world, and in the divine scriptures discourses with us, urging on us our duties, telling us what is befitting, terrifying us by threats, winning us by promises, and all the while we get no good. Marcian turns away this good like the rest of his kind, and does not care to enjoy its blessing. What could be the use of his lifting up his voice?’” Relig. Hist. iii. 3. ↩
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Vide Book iv. 15. p, 118. ↩
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Vide Book iv. 15. p, 118. ↩
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Doliche is in Commagene. ↩
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Luke xxiii. 34 ↩
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Acts vii. 59 ↩
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The Martyrdom of Eusebius is commemorated in the Eastern Churches on June 22; in the Roman Kalendar on June 21. We compare the fate of Abimelech at Thebez ( Judges ix. 53 , and 2 Sam. xi. 21 ) and Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, at Argos, b.c. 272. “Inter confertissimos violentissime dimicans, saxo de muris ictus occiditur.” Justin. xxv. 5. The story is given at greater length by Plutarch. Vit: Pyrrh: ↩