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Kirchengeschichte (BKV)
6. Wiedererstarkung des Heidentums
Als Julian seine heidnische Gesinnung offen kundgab, da füllten sich die Städte mit Parteikämpfen. Denn diejenigen, welche der trügerischen Verehrung der Götzenbilder ergeben waren, öffneten die Götzentempel und feierten wieder jene schmutzigen Mysterien, die wert gewesen wären, für immer vergessen zu werden. Sie zündeten das Feuer auf den Altären wieder an, besudelten die Erde mit dem Blut der Opfertiere und verpesteten die Luft mit Fettdampf und Opferrauch. Gejagt von den Dämonen, denen sie dienten, liefen sie wie toll nach Art der Korybanten durch die Straßen, überhäuften die Christen mit gemeinen Spässen und Spottreden und unterließen keine Art der Schmähung und Verhöhnung. Die Bekenner des christlichen Glaubens dagegen, welche die Lästerungen derselben nicht ertragen konnten, gaben ihnen ihre Schmähungen zurück und hielten ihnen die Irrtümer vor, denen sie huldigten. Das nahmen aber die Diener der Gottlosigkeit wieder übel auf, und da die vom Herrscher ihnen gewährte Freiheit ihrer Verwegenheit zu Hilfe kam, so bereiteten sie den Christen die grausamsten Qualen. Denn der verruchte Kaiser, dessen Pflicht es gewesen wäre, für den Frieden seiner Untertanen zu sorgen, hetzte selbst das Volk gegeneinander. Er übersah, was die verwegeneren Elemente gegen die gemäßigteren sich erlaubten und übertrug die politischen und militärischen Ämter den rohesten und ungläubigsten Männern. Diese übten zwar gegen die Bekenner des christlichen Glaubens keinen S. 178 offenbaren Zwang aus, um sie zum Opfern zu nötigen, sie fügten ihnen aber jegliche Art von Schimpf zu. So wurden den Priestern auch jene Ehrengeschenke wieder entzogen, welche ihnen der große Konstantin zugewiesen hatte.
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The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret (CCEL)
Chapter XIII. Of other confessors.
After this fatal distribution of money some of the recipients were feasting together at an entertainment. One of them who had taken the cup in his hand did not drink before making on it the sign of salvation. 1
One of the guests found fault with him for this, and said that it was quite inconsistent with what had just taken place. “What,” said he, “have I done that is inconsistent?” Whereupon he was reminded of the altar and the incense, and of his denial of the faith; for these things are all contrary to the Christian profession. When they heard this the greater number of the feasters moaned and bewailed themselves, and tore out handfuls of hair from their heads. They rose from the banquet, and ran through the Forum exclaiming that they were Christians, that they had been tricked by the emperor’s contrivances, that they retracted their apostasy, and were ready to try to undo the defeat which had befallen them unwittingly. With these exclamations they ran to the palace loudly inveighing against the wiles of the tyrant, and imploring that they might be committed to the flames in order that, as they had been befouled by fire, by fire they might be made clean. All these utterances drove the villain out of his senses, and on the impulse of the moment he ordered them to be beheaded; but as they were being conducted without the city the mass of the people started to follow them, wondering at their fortitude and glorying in their boldness for the truth. When they had reached the spot where it was usual to execute criminals, the eldest of them besought the executioner that he would first cut off the head of the youngest, that he might not be unmanned by beholding the slaughter of the rest. No sooner had he knelt down upon the ground and the headsman bared his sword, than up ran a man announcing a reprieve, and while yet afar off shouting out to stop the execution. Then the youngest soldier was distressed at his release from death. “Ah,” said he, “Romanus” (his name was Romanus) “was not worthy of being called Christ’s martyr.” What influenced the vile trickster in stopping the execution was his envy: he grudged the champions of the faith their glory. Their sentence was commuted to relegation beyond the city walls and to the remotest regions of the empire.
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“The original mode of making the sign of the Cross was with the thumb of the right hand, generally on the forehead only, or on other objects, once or thrice. (Chrysost. Hom. ad pop. Art. xl. ) ‘Thrice he made the sign of the cross on the chalice with his finger.’ (Sophron. in Prat. Spirit.)” Dict. Christ. Ant. s.v. ↩