Edition Masquer
De civitate Dei (CCSL)

Caput III: Quid in libro ecclesiaste Salomon de his, quae in hac uita et bonis et malis sunt communia, disputarit.

Nempe Salomon, sapientissimus rex Israel, qui regnauit in Hierusalem, librum, qui uocatur ecclesiastes et a Iudaeis quoque habetur in sacrarum canone litterarum, sic exorsus est: uanitas uanitantium, dixit ecclesiastes; uanitas uanitantium, omnia uanitas. quae abundantia homini in omni labore suo, quo laborat sub sole? et cum ex hac sententia conecteret cetera, commemorans aerumnas erroresque uitae huius et uanescentes interea temporum lapsus, ubi nihil solidum, nihil stabile retinetur: in ea rerum uanitate sub sole illud etiam deplorat quodammodo, quod, cum sit abundantia sapientiae super insapientiam, sicut abundantia lucis super tenebras, sapientisque oculi sint in capite ipsius et stultus in tenebris ambulet, unus tamen incursus incurrat omnibus, utique in hac uita quae sub sole agitur, significans uidelicet ea mala, quae bonis et malis uidemus esse communia. dicit etiam illud, quod et boni patiantur mala, tamquam mali sint, et mali, tamquam boni sint, adipiscantur bona, ita loquens: est, inquit, uanitas, quae facta est super terram, quia sunt iusti, super quos uenit sicut factum inpiorum, et sunt inpii, super quos uenit sicut factum iustorum. dixi quoniam hoc quoque uanitas. in hac uanitate, cui quantum satis uisum est intimandae totum istum librum uir sapientissimus deputauit - non utique ob aliud, nisi ut eam uitam desideremus, quae uanitatem non habet sub hoc sole, sed ueritatem sub illo qui fecit hunc solem - , in hac ergo uanitate numquid nisi iusto dei rectoque iudicio similis eidem uanitati factus uanesceret homo? in diebus tamen uanitatis suae interest plurimum, utrum resistat an obtemperet ueritati, et utrum sit expers uerae pietatis an particeps; non propter uitae huius uel bona adquirenda uel mala uitanda uanescendo transeuntia, sed propter futurum iudicium, per quod erunt et bonis bona et malis mala sine fine mansura. denique iste sapiens hunc librum sic conclusit, ut diceret: deum time et mandata eius custodi, quia hoc est omnis homo; quia omne hoc opus deus adducet in iudicium in omni despecto, siue bonum siue malum. quid breuius, uerius, salubrius dici potuit? deum, inquit, time et mandata eius custodi, quia hoc est omnis homo. quicumque enim est, hoc est, custos utique mandatorum dei; quoniam qui hoc non est, nihil est; non enim ad ueritatis imaginem reformatur, remanens in similitudine uanitatis. quia omne hoc opus, id est, quod ab homine fit in hac uita, siue bonum siue malum, deus adducet in iudicium in omni despecto, id est in omni etiam qui contemptibilis hic uidetur et ideo nec uidetur; quoniam deus et ipsum uidet nec eum despicit nec cum iudicat praeterit.

Traduction Masquer
The City of God

Chapter 3.--What Solomon, in the Book of Ecclesiastes, Says Regarding the Things Which Happen Alike to Good and Wicked Men.

Solomon, the wisest king of Israel, who reigned in Jerusalem, thus commences the book called Ecclesiastes, which the Jews number among their canonical Scriptures: "Vanity of vanities, said Ecclesiastes, vanity of vanities; all is vanity. What profit hath a man of all his labor which he hath taken under the sun?" ¹ And after going on to enumerate, with this as his text, the calamities and delusions of this life, and the shifting nature of the present time, in which there is nothing substantial, nothing lasting, he bewails, among the other vanities that are under the sun, this also, that though wisdom excelleth folly as light excelleth darkness, and though the eyes of the wise man are in his head, while the fool walketh in darkness, ² yet one event happeneth to them all, that is to say, in this life under the sun, unquestionably alluding to those evils which we see befall good and bad men alike. He says, further, that the good suffer the ills of life as if they were evil doers, and the bad enjoy the good of life as if they were good. "There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just men unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked: again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous. I said, that this also is vanity." ³ This wisest man devoted this whole book to a full exposure of this vanity, evidently with no other object than that we might long for that life in which there is no vanity under the sun, but verity under Him who made the sun. In this vanity, then, was it not by the just and righteous judgment of God that man, made like to vanity, was destined to pass away? But in these days of vanity it makes an important difference whether he resists or yields to the truth, and whether he is destitute of true piety or a partaker of it,--important not so far as regards the acquirement of the blessings or the evasion of the calamities of this transitory and vain life, but in connection with the future judgment which shall make over to good men good things, and to bad men bad things, in permanent, inalienable possession. In fine, this wise man concludes this book of his by saying, "Fear God, and keep His commandments: for this is every man. For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every despised person, whether it be good, or whether it be evil." ⁴ What truer, terser, more salutary enouncement could be made? "Fear God, he says, and keep His commandments: for this is every man." For whosoever has real existence, is this, is a keeper of God's commandments; and he who is not this, is nothing. For so long as he remains in the likeness of vanity, he is not renewed in the image of the truth. "For God shall bring into judgment every work,"--that is, whatever man does in this life,--"whether it be good or whether it be evil, with every despised person,"--that is, with every man who here seems despicable, and is therefore not considered; for God sees even him and does not despise him nor pass him over in His judgment.