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Scorpiace

II.

[1] Sed nondum de bono martyri, nisi de debito primum, nec ante de utilitate eius, quam de necessitate discendum. Auctoritas diuina praecedit, an tale quid uoluerit atque mandauerit deus, ut qui negant bonum non suadeantur accommodum, nisi cum subacti fuerint. Ad officium haereticos compelli non inlici dignum est. Duritia uincenda est, non suadenda. [2] Et utique satis optimum praeiudicabitur quod probabitur a deo constitutum atque praeceptum. Sustineant euangelia paulisper, dum radicem eorum exprimo legem, dum inde elicio dei uoluntatem unde et ipsum recognosco: ego sum, inquit, deus deus tuus, qui te eduxi de terra Aegypti. Non erunt tibi dii alii praeter me. Non facies tibi simulacrum eorum quae in caelo et quae in terra deorsum et quae in mari infra terram. Non adorabis ea, neque famulaberis eis. Ego enim dominus deus tuus. Item in eadem Exodo: ipsi uidistis, quod de caelo locutus ad uos sim. Non facietis uobis deos argenteos, et deos aureos non facietis uobis. [3] Secundum haec et in Deuteronomio: audi Israel, dominus deus tuus unus est, et diliges dominum deum tuum ex toto corde tuo et totis uiribus tuis et ex tota anima tua. Et rursus: nec obliuiscaris domini dei tui, qui te eduxit de terra Aegypti ex domo seruitutis. Dominum deum tuum timebis et illi famulaberis soli et illi adglutinaberis et in nomine eius deierabis. [4] Non ibitis post deos alienos ex deis nationum, quae circum uos, quia aemulatur deus deus tuus in te, et ne iratus indignetur et exterminet te a facie terrae. [5] Sed et proponens benedictiones et maledictiones: benedictiones, inquit, si audieritis praecepta domini dei uestri, quaecumque ego praecipio uobis hodie, et non erraueritis de uia quam mandaui uobis, ut abeuntes semiatis deis aliis, quos non scitis. [6] De quibus omnifariam extirpandis: perditione perdetis, inquit, omnia loca, in quibus seruierunt nationes deis suis, quas uos possidebitis hereditate, super montes et colles et sub arbores densas, quasque effodietis aras eorum, euertetis et comminuetis staticula eorum et excidetis lucos eorum et sculptilia ipsorum deorum concremabitis igni et disperdetis nomen eorum de loco illo. [7] Adhuc ingerit, cum introissent terram promissionis et exterminassent nationes eius: caue tibi, ne sequaris eas posteaquam exterminatae fuerint a facie tua, ne requisieris deos illarum dicens, quemadmodum faciunt nationes deis suis, ut et ego ita faciam. [8] Sed et, si ipse prophetes, inquit, exsurrexerit in te aut somnium somnians et dederit tibi signum uel ostentum et uenerit et dixerit, eamus et seruiamus diis aliis, quos non scitis, ne audiatis sermonem prophetae aut somniatoris illius, quia temptat uos dominus deus uester, an ex toto corde uestro et ex tota anima uestra timeatis deum. Post dominum deum uestrum abibitis et hunc timebitis et praecepta eius custodietis et uocem eius audietis et illi seruietis et illi adiciemini. Prophetes autem uel somniator ille morietur; locutus enim est ad seducendum te a domino deo tuo. [9] Sed et alio titulo: si autem rogauerit te frater tuus ex patre uel matre aut filius tuus aut filia tua aut mulier quae in gremio tuo est aut amicus qui animae tuae par est clam dicens, eamus et seruiamus diis aliis, quos non scis, nec patres tui, ex deis nationum, quae circum te proxime aut longe, ne uelis ire cum illo, et ne audieris eum. [10] Non parcet oculus tuus super eum nec desiderabis nec saluabis eum; adnuntians adnuntiabis de eo. Manus tuae erunt in eum in primis ad occidendum, et manus populi tui in nouissimis, et lapidabitis illum, et morietur, quoniam quaesiuit auertere te a domino deo tuo. [11] Subicit etiam de ciuitatibus, si quam ex his constitisset suasu iniquorum hominum transisse ad deos alios, ut interficerentur omnes incolentes eam, et deuotamenta fierent uniuersa eius, et colligerentur omnia spolia eius in omnes exitus eius et igni cremarentur cum omnibus uasibus suis et cum omni populo in conspectu domini dei, et non erit habitabilis, inquit, in aeternum, non reaedificabitur amplius nec adhaerebit quicquam manibus tuis ex deuotamento eius, uti auertatur dominus ab indignatione irae suae. [12] Maledictionum quoque ordinem ab idolorum execratione commisit: maledictus homo qui fecerit sculptile aut fusile aspernamentum, opus manuum artificis, et collocauerit illud in abscondito. In Leuitico uero: ne sequimini, inquit, idola et deos fusiles non facietis uobis. Ego dominus deus uester. Et alibi: filii Israel famuli pueri mei. Hi sunt quos eduxi de terra Aegypti. Ego dominus deus uester. Non facietis uobis manu facta nec sculptile staticulum statuetis uobis. Nec lapidem scopum ponetis in terra uestra. Ego dominus deus uester. [13] Et haec quidem prima per Moysen dicta sunt ad omnes utique pertinentia, quoscumque dominus deus Israelis perinde de Aegypto superstitiosissimi saeculi et de domo humanae seruitutis eduxerit. [14] Sed et deinceps omne os prophetarum eiusdem dei uocibus sonat eandem legem suam eorundem praeceptorum instauratione cumulantis nec aliud primum tam principaliter denuntiantis, quam ab omni factura atque cultura idolorum cauere; ut per Dauid: dii nationum argentum et aurum, oculos habent nec uident, aures habent nec audiunt, nares habent nec odorantur, os nec locuntur, manus nec contrectant, pedes nec ingrediuntur. Similes erunt illis, qui ea faciunt et qui fidunt in illis.

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Scorpiace

Chapter II.

But not yet about the good to be got from martyrdom must we learn, without our having first heard about the duty of suffering it; nor must we learn the usefulness of it, before we have heard about the necessity for it. The (question of the) divine warrant goes first--whether God has willed and also commanded ought of the kind, so that they who assert that it is not good are not plied with arguments for thinking it profitable save when they have been subdued. ¹ It is proper that heretics be driven ² to duty, not enticed. Obstinacy must be conquered, not coaxed. And, certainly, that will be pronounced beforehand quite good enough, which will be shown to have been instituted and also enjoined by God. Let the Gospels wait a little, while I set forth their root the Law, while I ascertain the will of God from those writings from which I recall to mind Himself also: "I am," says He, "God, thy God, who have brought thee out of the land of Egypt. Thou shalt have no other gods besides me. Thou shalt not make unto thee a likeness of those things which are in heaven, and which are in the earth beneath, and which are in the sea under the earth. Thou shalt not worship them, nor serve them. For I am the Lord thy God." ³ Likewise in the same book of Exodus: "Ye yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. Ye shall not make unto you gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold." ⁴ To the following effect also, in Deuteronomy: "Hear, O Israel; The Lord thy God is one: and thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and all thy might, and with all thy soul." ⁵ And again: "Neither do thou forget the Lord thy God, who brought thee forth from the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God, and serve Him only, and cleave to Him, and swear by His name. Ye shall not go after strange gods, and the gods of the nations which are round about you, because the Lord thy God is also a jealous God among you, and lest His anger should be kindled against thee, and destroy thee from off the face of the earth." ⁶ But setting before them blessings and curses, He also says: "Blessings shall be yours, if ye obey the commandments of the Lord your God, whatsoever I command you this day, and do not wander from the way which I have commanded you, to go and serve other gods whom ye know not." ⁷ And as to rooting them out in every way: "Ye shall utterly destroy all the places wherein the nations, which ye shall possess by inheritance, served their gods, upon mountains and hills, and under shady trees. Ye shall overthrow all their altars, ye shall overturn and break in pieces their pillars, and cut down their groves, and burn with fire the graven images of the gods themselves, and destroy the names of them out of that place." ⁸ He further urges, when they (the Israelites) had entered the land of promise, and driven out its nations: "Take heed to thy self, that thou do not follow them after they be driven out from before thee, that thou do not inquire after their gods, saying, As the nations serve their gods, so let me do likewise." ⁹ But also says He: "If there arise among you a prophet himself, or a dreamer of dreams, and giveth thee a sign or a wonder, and it come to pass, and he say, Let us go and serve other gods, whom ye know not, do not hearken to the words of that prophet or dreamer, for the Lord your God proveth you, to know whether ye fear God with all your heart and with all your soul. After the Lord your God ye shall go, and fear Him, and keep His commandments, and obey His voice, and serve Him, and cleave unto Him. But that prophet or dreamer shall die; for he has spoken to turn thee away from the Lord thy God." ¹⁰ But also in another section, ¹¹ "If, however, thy brother, the son of thy father or of thy mother, or thy son, or thy daughter, or the wife of thy bosom, or thy friend who is as thine own soul, solicit thee, saying secretly, Let us go and serve other gods, which thou knowest not, nor did thy fathers, of the gods of the nations which are round about thee, very nigh unto thee or far off from thee, do not consent to go with him, and do not hearken to him. Thine eye shall not spare him, neither shalt thou pity, neither shalt thou preserve him; thou shalt certainly inform upon him. Thine hand shall be first upon him to kill him, and afterwards the hand of thy people; and ye shall stone him, and he shall die, seeing he has sought to turn thee away from the Lord thy God." ¹² He adds likewise concerning cities, that if it appeared that one of these had, through the advice of unrighteous men, passed over to other gods, all its inhabitants should be slain, and everything belonging to it become accursed, and all the spoil of it be gathered together into all its places of egress, and be, even with all the people, burned with fire in all its streets in the sight of the Lord God; and, says He, "it shall not be for dwelling in for ever: it shall not be built again any more, and there shall cleave to thy hands nought of its accursed plunder, that the Lord may turn from the fierceness of His anger." ¹³ He has, from His abhorrence of idols, framed a series of curses too: "Cursed be the man who maketh a graven or a molten image, an abomination, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and putteth it in a secret place." ¹⁴ But in Leviticus He says: "Go not ye after idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I am the Lord your God." ¹⁵ And in other passages: "The children of Israel are my household servants; these are they whom I led forth from the land of Egypt: ¹⁶ I am the Lord your God. Ye shall not make you idols fashioned by the hand, neither rear you up a graven image. Nor shall ye set up a remarkable stone in your land (to worship it): I am the Lord your God." ¹⁷ These words indeed were first spoken by the Lord by the lips of Moses, being applicable certainly to whomsoever the Lord God of Israel may lead forth in like manner from the Egypt of a most superstitious world, and from the abode of human slavery. But from the mouth of every prophet in succession, sound forth also utterances of the same God, augmenting the same law of His by a renewal of the same commands, and in the first place announcing no other duty in so special a manner as the being on guard against all making and worshipping of idols; as when by the mouth of David He says: "The gods of the nations are silver and gold: they have eyes, and see not; they have ears, and hear not; they have a nose, and smell not; a mouth, and they speak not; hands, and they handle not; feet and they walk not. Like to them shall be they who make them, and trust in them." ¹⁸