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The City of God

Chapter 3.--What Kings Reigned in Assyria and Sicyon When, According to the Promise, Isaac Was Born to Abraham in His Hundredth Year, and When the Twins Esau and Jacob Were Born of Rebecca to Isaac in His Sixtieth Year.

In his times also, by the promise of God, Isaac, the son of Abraham, was born to his father when he was a hundred years old, of Sarah his wife, who, being barren and old, had already lost hope of issue. Aralius was then the fifth king of the Assyrians. To Isaac himself, in his sixtieth year, were born twin-sons, Esau and Jacob, whom Rebecca his wife bore to him, their grandfather Abraham, who died on completing a hundred and seventy years, being still alive, and reckoning his hundred and sixtieth year. ¹ At that time there reigned as the seventh kings,--among the Assyrians, that more ancient Xerxes, who was also called Balaeus; and among the Sicyons, Thuriachus, or, as some write his name, Thurimachus. The kingdom of Argos, in which Inachus reigned first, arose in the time of Abraham's grandchildren. And I must not omit what Varro relates, that the Sicyons were also wont to sacrifice at the tomb of their seventh king Thuriachus. In the reign of Armamitres in Assyria and Leucippus in Sicyon as the eighth kings, and of Inachus as the first in Argos, God spoke to Isaac, and promised the same two things to him as to his father,--namely, the land of Canaan to his seed, and the blessing of all nations in his seed. These same things were promised to his son, Abraham's grandson, who was at first called Jacob, afterwards Israel, when Belocus was the ninth king of Assyria, and Phoroneus, the son of Inachus, reigned as the second king of Argos, Leucippus still continuing king of Sicyon. In those times, under the Argive king Phoroneus, Greece was made more famous by the institution of certain laws and judges. On the death of Phoroneus, his younger brother Phegous built a temple at his tomb, in which he was worshipped as God, and oxen were sacrificed to him. I believe they thought him worthy of so great honor, because in his part of the kingdom (for their father had divided his territories between them, in which they reigned during his life) he had founded chapels for the worship of the gods, and had taught them to measure time, by months and years, and to that extent to keep count and reckoning of events. Men still uncultivated, admiring him for these novelties, either fancied he was, or resolved that he should be made, a god after his death. Io also is said to have been the daughter of Inachus, who was afterwards called Isis, when she was worshipped in Egypt as a great goddess; although others write that she came as a queen out of Ethiopia, and because she ruled extensively and justly, and instituted for her subjects letters and many useful things, such divine honor was given her there after she died, that if any one said she had been human, he was charged with a capital crime.

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La cité de dieu

CHAPITRE III.

SOUS QUELS ROIS DES ASSYRIENS ET DES SICYONIENS NAQUIT ISAAC, ABRAHAM ÉTANT ALORS ÂGÉ DE CENT ANS, ET A QUELLE ÉPOQUE DE CES MÊMES EMPIRES ISÂAC, ÂGÉ DE SOIXANTE ANS, EUT DE RÉBECCA DEUX FILS, ÊSAÜ ET JACOB.

Ce fut sous le règne de Teixion que naquit Isaac, selon la promesse que Dieu en avait faite à son père Abraham, qui l’eut à l’âge de cent ans de sa femme Sarra, à qui la stérilité et le grand âge avaient ôté l’espérance d’avoir des enfants: Arrius¹, cinquième roi des Assyriens, régnait alors. Isaac, âgé de soixante ans, eut de sa femme Rébecca deux enfants jumeaux, Esaü et Jacob, Abraham étant encore vivant et âgé de cent soixante ans; mais il mourut quinze ans après, sous le règne de l’ancien Xerxès, roi des Assyriens, surnommé Baléus, et de Thuriacus ou Thurimachus, roi des Sicyoniens, tous deux septièmes souverains de leurs peuples. Le royaume des Argiens prit naissance sous les petits-fils d’Abraham, et Inachus en fut le premier roi. Il ne faut pas oublier, qu’au rapport de Varron, les Sicyoniens avaient coutume de sacrifier sur le sépulcre de Thurimachus. Sous les règnes d’Armamitres et de Leucippus, huitièmes rois des Assyriens et des Sicyoniens, et sous celui d’Inachus, premier roi des Argiens, Dieu parla à lsaac et lui promit, comme il avait fait à son père, qu’il donnerait la terre de Chanaan à sa postérité, et qu’en elle toutes les nations seraient bénies. Il promit la même chose à son fils Jacob, appelé depuis Israël, sous le règne de Bélocus, neuvième roi des Assyriens, et de Phoronée, fils d’Inachus, deuxième roi des Argiens; car Leucippus, huitième roi des Sicyoniens, vivait encore. Ce fut sous ce Phoronée², roi d’Argos, que la Grèce commença à devenir célèbre par ses lois et ses institutions. Phegoiis, cadet de Phoronée, fut honoré comme un dieu après sa mort, et on lui bâtit un temple sur son tombeau. J’estime qu’on lui déféra cet honneur, parce que, dans la partie du royaume que son père lui avait laissée, il avait élevé des chapelles aux dieux, et divisé les temps par mois et par années. Surpris de ces nouveautés, les hommes encore grossiers crurent qu’il était devenu dieu après sa mort, ou le voulurent croire. On dit qu’Io, fille d’Inachus, appelée depuis Isis, fut honorée en Egypte comme une grande déesse; d’autres pourtant la font venir d’Ethiopie en Egypte, où elle gouverna avec tant de sagesse et de justice que les Egyptiens, qui lui devaient en outre l’invention des lettres et beaucoup d’autres choses utiles, la révérèrent comme une divinité, et défendirent, sous peine de la vie, de dire qu’elle avait été une simple mortelle.