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The City of God

Chapter 42.--By What Dispensation of God's Providence the Sacred Scriptures of the Old Testament Were Translated Out of Hebrew into Greek, that They Might Be Made Known to All the Nations.

One of the Ptolemies, kings of Egypt, desired to know and have these sacred books. For after Alexander of Macedon, who is also styled the Great, had by his most wonderful, but by no means enduring power, subdued the whole of Asia, yea, almost the whole world, partly by force of arms, partly by terror, and, among other kingdoms of the East, had entered and obtained Judea also, on his death his generals did not peaceably divide that most ample kingdom among them for a possession, but rather dissipated it, wasting all things by wars. Then Egypt began to have the Ptolemies as her kings. The first of them, the son of Lagus, carried many captive out of Judea into Egypt. But another Ptolemy, called Philadelphus, who succeeded him, permitted all whom he had brought under the yoke to return free; and more than that, sent kingly gifts to the temple of God, and begged Eleazar, who was the high priest, to give him the Scriptures, which he had heard by report were truly divine, and therefore greatly desired to have in that most noble library he had made. When the high priest had sent them to him in Hebrew, he afterwards demanded interpreters of him, and there were given him seventy-two, out of each of the twelve tribes six men, most learned in both languages, to wit, the Hebrew and Greek and their translation is now by custom called the Septuagint. It is reported, indeed, that there was an agreement in their words so wonderful, stupendous, and plainly divine, that when they had sat at this work, each one apart (for so it pleased Ptolemy to test their fidelity), they differed from each other in no word which had the same meaning and force, or, in the order of the words; but, as if the translators had been one, so what all had translated was one, because in very deed the one Spirit had been in them all. And they received so wonderful a gift of God, in order that the authority of these Scriptures might be commended not as human but divine, as indeed it was, for the benefit of the nations who should at some time believe, as we now see them doing.

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La cité de dieu

CHAPITRE XLII.

PAR QUEL CONSEIL DE LA DIVINE PROVIDENCE L’ANCIEN TESTAMENT A ÉTÉ TRADUIT DE L’HÉBREU EN GREC POUR ÊTRE CONNU DES GENTILS.

Un des Ptolémées, roi d’Egypte, souhaita de connaître nos saintes Ecritures. Car après la mort d’Alexandre le Grand, qui avait subjugué toute l’Asie et presque toute la terre, et conquis même la Judée, ses capitaines ayant démembré son empire, l’Egypte commença à avoir des Ptolémées pour rois. Le premier de tous fut le fils de Lagus, qui emmena captifs en Egypte beaucoup de Juifs. Mais Ptolémée Philadelphe, son successeur, les renvoya tous en leur pays, avec des présents pour le temple, et pria le grand-prêtre Eléazar de lui donner l’Ecriture sainte pour la placer dam sa fameuse bibliothèque. Eléazar la lui ayant envoyée, Ptolémée lui demanda des interprètes pour la traduire en grec; de sorte qu’on lui donna septante et deux personnes, six de chaque tribu, qui entendaient parfaitement l’une et l’autre langue, c’est-à-dire le grec et l’hébreu. Mais la coutume a voulu qu’on appelât cette version la version des Septante. On dit qu’ils s’accordèrent tellement dans cette traduction que, l’ayant faite chacun à part, selon l’ordre de Ptolémée, qui voulait éprouver par là leur fidélité, ils se rencontrèrent en tout, tant pour le sens que pour l’arrangement des paroles, si bien qu’il semblait qu’il n’y eût qu’un seul traducteur. Et il ne faut pas trouver cela étrange, puisqu’en effet ils étaient tous inspirés d’un même Esprit, Dieu ayant voulu, par un si grand miracle, rendre l’autorité de ces Ecritures vénérable aux Gentils qui devaient croire un jour, comme cela est en effet arrivé.